Talk:Rock oyster

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Original mention of Saccostrea
Section "Ostrea (Saccostrea) saccellus" starts at page 471 in Tome XXII (1920) of Memoire no. 27, Conchyliologie du Miogène moyen du Bassin de la Loire by G.-F. Dollfus and Ph. Dautzenberg.

Taxonomically, the main point is the heading "Ostrea (Saccostrea) sacellus", but I've transcribed the full text below. I feel this is worth preserving somewhere, as the OCR at BHL needed a lot of manual clean-up.

It seems that ''O./S. sacellus'' was being described as a separate fossil-only species: are the museum specimens illustrated in plate LI fossils? Either way, it was later synonymized with the living ''O./S. cucculata / cucullata''.

« O. Testa ovato-cuneiformi, intus sacciformi ; valva inferiore cucullata, parce plicata ; plicis undulatis ; valva superiore planulata ; margine crenulato. » — Comme M. Deshayes l’a montré, cette huître, confondue par Lamarck avec l’Ostrea undata, doit être distinguée comme espéce ; elle a beaucoup de rapports avec les Ostrea cornucopiæ et cucullata, dont la valve inférieure est également creusée en capuchon ou en corne d’abondance. Malheureusement son état de conservation ne permet pas de la caractériser complètement » (Dujardin). ... En créant l’Ostrea saccellus, Dujardin a cité comme synonymes douteaux l’O. cornucopiæ Lamarck, espèce actuelle, et ensuite l’O. crenata Lamarck var., fossile de Bordeaux et de Dax. Mais il y a lieu de remarquer tout d’abord qu’il n’existe pas d’Ostrea crenata de Lamarck et que ce nom a été imprimé par erreur au lieu d ’undata ; ensuite que l’habitat de la variété indiquée par Lamarc ne provient pas de Bordeaux ni de Dax, mais de Boutonnet, près de Montpellier. Quoi qu’il en soit, ni l’O. undata ni sa variété ne sont assimilables à l’O. saccellus : l’O. undata typique est, en effet, comme l’ont démontré MM. Delbos et Raulin dans leur revision des Huîtres du Sud-Ouest, la grande espèce nominée O. aquitanica par Mayer et sa variété (b) qui est devenue Ostrea Serresi Tournouër, espèce plus grande que le saccellus, à talon moins développé et ayant la valve supérieure ondulée el moins immergée. Nous avons pu, grâce à l’obligeance de notre ami M. Bedot, qui nous a communiqué des photographies des types de l’O. undata conservés au Musée de Genève, vérifier que les assertions de MM. Delbos et Raulin sont exactes.

La synonymie de l’O. saccellus est difficile à établir, car son nom a souvent été attribué a d’autres espèces fossiles, tandis que le véritable saccellus a été rapproché à tort de l’O. cornucopiæ, espèce actuelle de l’Afrique occidentale et de l’O. cucullata Born, de l’Océan Indien. Chez ces deux formes vivantes, la valve supérieure a, en effet, un contour polygoné qui s’inserre exactement dans les anfractuosités du pourtour de la valve inférieure.

Par sa valve supérieure immergée dans l’inférieure et nullement polygonée, l’O. saccellus se rapprocherait plutôt de l’O. Forskali Chemnitz, de la Mer Rouge, mais tandis que chez cette espèce exotique le bord interne de la valve supérieure est lisse et dépourvu de denticulations, sauf à proximité des crochets, la valve supérieure de l’O. saccellus est fortement denticulée sur tout son pourtour.

L’Ostrea du Bordelais qui a été nommé saccellus par les auteurs qui se sont occupés de cette région et que MM. Cossmann et Peyrot ont eu raison de séparer sous le nom d’O. Duvergieri (Conch. Néog. Aquitaine, II, p. 386, pl. XX, fig. 23–28), ne doit pas être confondu avec notre espèce de Touraine, car sa valve supérieure a les bords internes lisses, comme chez l’O. Forskali.

L’O. costatospinosa Mayer–Eymar (Journ. de Conch., 1894, p. 117, pl. V, fig. 1, 1, 1), nous paraît n’être qu’un O. saccellus déformé.

Origine et dispersion : L’O. saccellus est l’une des espèces caractéristiques du faciès pontilévien des Faluns, où il marque les dépôts côtiers. Il devient très rare dans le faciès savignéen a Bryozoaires de l’Ouest.

Drawing on Google Translate and Microsoft Translator, then tidying up grammar a little, I get:

«O. Shell ovate-cuneiform, intussus sacciform; lower valve spooned, parce plicate; plicis undulatis; upper valve flat; crenulate margin. » - As Mr. Deshayes has shown, this oyster, confused by Lamarck with Ostrea undata, must be distinguished as a species; she has many relationships with Ostrea cornucopiæ and cucullata, whose lower valve is also dug into a hood or cornucopia. Unfortunately, its state of conservation does not allow it to be characterized completely » (Dujardin). ... In creating Ostrea saccellus, Dujardin cited as questionable synonyms O. cornucopiæ Lamarck, the present species, and then O. crenata Lamarck var., fossil of Bordeaux and Dax. But it should be noted first that there is no Ostrea crenata of Lamarck and that name was printed incorrectly instead of undata; then that the habitat of the variety indicated by Lamarck does not come from Bordeaux or Dax, but Boutonnet, near Montpellier. Anyway, neither O. undata nor its variety are similar to O. saccellus: the O. undata is typical, in fact, as demonstrated by MM. Delbos and Raulin in their review of the Southwest Oysters, [of?] the large species named O. aquitanica by Mayer and his variety (b) which has become Ostrea Serresi Tournouër, a species larger than saccellus, with a less developed heel and and less submerged wavy upper valve. We were able, thanks to the obligation of our friend Mr. Bedot, who communicated with us photographs of the types [specimaens] of O. undata preserved in the Geneva Museum, to verify that the assertions of MM. Delbos and Raulin are accurate.

The synonymy of the O. saccellus is difficult to establish, as its name has often been attributed to other fossil species, while the true saccellus was wrongly brought closer to O. cornucopiæ, a species present in West Africa, and the O. cucullata Born, from the Indian Ocean. In these two living forms, the upper valve has, in fact, a polygon contour that fits exactly in the outcrops of the around the lower valve.

By its upper valve immersed in the lower and not polygonized, O. saccellus would be closer to O. Forskali Chemnitz, from the Red Sea, but while in this exotic species the inner edge of the upper valve is smooth and devoid of denticulations, except near the hooks, the upper valve of O. saccellus is strongly denticular all around.

The Ostrea of Bordelais which was named saccellus by the authors who work in that region, and that MM. Cossmann and Peyrot were right to separate as O. Duvergieri (Conch. Neog. Aquitaine, II, p. 386, pl. XX, figs. 23–28), should not be confused with our Touraine species, because its superior valve has smooth inner edges, as in O. Forskali.

The O. costospinosa Mayer-Eymar (Journ. de Conch., 1894, p. 117, pl. V, fig. 1, 1, 1), seems to us to be only one deformed O. saccellus.

Origin and dispersion: O. saccellus is one of the characteristic species of the pontifeval facade of the Faluns, where it marks the coastal deposits. It becomes very rare in the savignéen facade at Western Bryozoaires.

Pelagic (talk) 11:07, 22 March 2020 (UTC)