Talk:Ultraviolet/Archive 1

Black Lights
Can you get a tan from a black light? Can you get skin cancer from a black light?
 * Yes on both counts, buddy. - Roger

Can anyone give a layman's explanation of why black lights cause organic materials (blood, urine) to glow?


 * See fluorescence. Essentially, stuff like this absorbes UV light and re-radiates visible light. I've altered the section on this to make it clear. -- DrBob 17:02, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

I have 2 12" cold cathode black lights meant for putting in a pc case with a window, but i have them both fastened on the edge of a desk right next to me making stickers and such glow... they are about 20cm from my arm when im using the mouse, is this harmfull and should i move them? how far away should they be?

Does it makes sense that UVA, which is closer to visible light, penetrates deeper into the skin than the other two, which are closer to X-Rays?


 * I'm a professional in the beauty industry, and all my literature says that UVA goes deeper and causes aging, and UVB affects the surface and causes burning. I believe this article may be incorrect by confusing the effects on the skin. 24.107.144.193 21:53, 8 April 2007 (UTC) Ben


 * I have made some changes - the A & B were swapped a few days ago and it looke d abit suspect to me at the time. SFC9394 23:41, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

I was looking through this article to see if clouds block UV and if you could get suntan while sun is blocked by clouds, but couldn't find an answer. Neither did i find it in "clouds" and "suntan" articles. I suggest if someone knows an answer it should be added to one or all of those articles. --89.178.16.203 13:26, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

UV Light and Meat
Is it possible for UV light to tenderize meat as stated at http://www.lileks.com/postcards/rest/roundup.html? - MSTCrow 16:10, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

jeez I would think someone with the name MSTCrow could recognize sarcasm when he sees it but...--Deglr6328 16:51, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

GA Re-Review and In-line citations
Note: This article has a small number of in-line citations for an article of its size and currently would not pass criteria 2b. Members of the WikiProject Good articles are in the process of doing a re-review of current Good Article listings to ensure compliance with the standards of the Good Article Criteria. (Discussion of the changes and re-review can be found here). A significant change to the GA criteria is the mandatory use of some sort of in-line citation (In accordance to WP:CITE) to be used in order for an article to pass the verification and reference criteria. It is recommended that the article's editors take a look at the inclusion of in-line citations as well as how the article stacks up against the rest of the Good Article criteria. GA reviewers will give you at least a week's time from the date of this notice to work on the in-line citations before doing a full re-review and deciding if the article still merits being considered a Good Article or would need to be de-listed. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact us on the Good Article project talk page or you may contact me personally. On behalf of the Good Articles Project, I want to thank you for all the time and effort that you have put into working on this article and improving the overall quality of the Wikipedia project. Agne 00:06, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Here are a wealth of citiations, particularly concerned with UV biological concerns:

CIE, Biologically effective emissions and hazard potential of desk-top luminaries incorporating tungsten halogen lamps, "CIE Technical Collection 1993/4," (1994).

CIE, Draft Standard: Spatial distribution of daylight - Overcast sky and clear sky, "CIE DS 003.2/E," CIE Central Bureau, Vienna, (1994).

Claesson S., Juhlin L., Wettermark G., The reciprocity law of UV-irradiation effects, "Acta Derm Venereol," 38:123-136 (1958).

Clark C., Vinegar R., Hardy J., Goniometer spectrometer for the measurement of diffuse reflectance and transmittance of skin in the infrared spectral region, "J Opt Soc Am," 43:993-998 (1953).

Coblentz W.W., Stair R., Data on the spectral erythemic reaction of the untanned human skin to ultraviolet radiation, "Bur Stand J Res," 12:13-14 (1934).

Cogan D.G., Kinsey V.E., Action spectrum of keratitis produced by ultraviolet radiation, "Arch Ophthalmol," 35:670-677 (1946).

3 USACHPPM UV HAZARDS BIBLIOGRAPHY - MEASUREMENTS

Cole C.A., Forbes P.D., Davies R., An action spectrum of UV carcinogenesis, "Photochem Photobiol," 43:275- 284 (1985).

Collins M., Smyth W., Seawright J., Kelly S., The synkinesis between antero-posterior eye position and lid fissure width, "Clin & Exp Optom," 75(2):38-41 (1992).

Colyott L.E., Akselrod M.S., McKeever S.W.S., An integrating ultraviolet-B dosemeter using phototransferred thermoluminescence from alpha-Al2O3:C, "Radiation Protection Dosimetry," Nuclear Technology Publishing, Ashford, Kent, UK, 72(2):87-94 (1997).

Coohill T., Action spectroscopy and stratospheric ozone depletion, "UV-B Monitoring Workshop Report - 1992 (Lecture notes)," Science and Policy Associates, Inc., Washington, DC, C89-C112 (1992).

Corth R., What is "natural" light?, "Lighting Design and Application," 13(4):34-41 (1983).

Cullen A.P., Chou B.R., Egan D.J., Industrial non-ionizing radiation and contact lenses, "Can J Pub Health," 73:251-254 (1982).

D'Anna S.A., Joondeph H.C., Graebner K.E., Fluorescein angiography of the heavily pigmented iris and new dyes for iris angiography, "Internal report," US Army Medical Research and Development Command, US Navy,. Dahlback A., Measurements of biologically effective UV doses, total ozone abundance and cloud effects with multichannel moderate bandwidth filter instruments, "Appl Opt," (in press).

Dahlback A., Measurements of biologically effective UV doses, total ozone abundances, and cloud effects with multichannel, moderate bandwidth filter instruments, "Appl Opt," 35(33):6514-6521 (1996). Dahlback A., Henriksen T., Larsen S.H.H., Biological UV-doses and the effect of an ozone layer depletion, "Photochem Photobiol," 49(5):621-625 (1989).

Davies R.E., UV dosimetry: Physical Units, "Article, Temple University," .Davis A., Dean G.H.W., Diffey B.L., Possible dosimeter for ultraviolet radiation, "Nature," 261:169-170 (1976).

Davis A., Dean G.H.W., Gordon D., Howell G.V., Ledbury K.J., A worldwide program for the continuous monitoring of solar UV radiation using poi-phenylene oxide film, and a consideration of results, "J Appl Polym Sci," 20:1165-1174 (1976).

Davis A., Diffey B.L., Tate T.K., A personal dosimeter for biologically effective solar UV-B radiation, "Photochem Photobiol," 34:283-286 (1981).

Davis A., Gardiner D., An ultraviolet radiation monitor for artificial weathering devices, "Pol Degrad Stab," 4:145-157 (1982).

de La Casiniere A., Cabot T., Bokoye A.I., Pinedo J.L., Improvement of diffuse solar irradiance measurements with noncosine instruments, "Appl Opt," 35(30):6069-6075 (1996).

Deaver D.M., Davis J., Sliney D.H., Vertical visual fields-of-view in outdoor daylight, "Lasers and Light in Ophthalmology," 7(2/3):121-125 (1996).

DeLuisi J., An examination of the spectral response characteristics of seven Robertson-Berger meters after longterm field use, "Photochem Photobiol," 56(1):115-122 (1992).

DeLuisi J., U.S. R-B meter network and instrument characterization, "UV-B Monitoring Workshop Report - 1992 (Lecture notes)," Science and Policy Associates, Inc., Washington, DC, USA, C177-C225 (1992).

4 USACHPPM UV HAZARDS BIBLIOGRAPHY - MEASUREMENTS

DeLuisi J., Harris M., A determination of the absolute radiant energy of a Robertson-Berger meter sunburn unit, "Atm Environ," 17:751-758 (1983). Dichter B.K., Beaubien A.F., Beaubien D.J., Development and characterization of a new solar ultraviolet-B irradiance detector, "J Atmospheric Oceanic Techn," 10(3):337-344 (1993).

Dietrich A.J., Olson A.L., Sox C.H., Stevens M., Tosteson T.D., Ahles T., Winchell C.W., A community-based randomized trial encouraging sun protection for children, "Pediatrics," (also available by internet), 102(6):e64 (1998).

Diffey B.L., A comparison of dosimeters used for solar ultraviolet radiometry, "Photochem Photobiol," 46:55-60 (1987).

Diffey B.L., A photobiological evaluation of lamps used in the phototherapy of seasonal affective disorder, "J Photochem Photobiol," 17:203-207 (1993).

Diffey B.L., Dosimetry of ultraviolet radiation, "Sunscreens: Development, Evaluation, and Regulatory Aspects (2nd ed.)," (edited by Lowe N.J., Shaath N.A., Pathak M.A.) Marcel Dekker, 175-188 (1997).

Diffey B.L., The calculation of the spectral distribution of natural ultraviolet radiation under clear day conditions, "Phys Med Biol," 22(2):309-316 (1979).

Diffey B.L., Elwood J.M., Tables of ambient solar ultraviolet radiation for use in epidemiological studies of malignant melanoma and other diseases, "Epidemiological Aspects of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma," (edited by Gallagher R.P., Elwood J.M.) (1993).

Diffey B.L., Farr P.M., Quantitative aspects of ultraviolet erythema (a review), "Clin Phys Physiol Meas," 12:311- 325 (1991).

Diffey B.L., Gies H.P., The confounding influence of sun exposure in melanoma, "The Lancet," 351:1101-1102 (1998).

Diffey B.L., Green A.T., Loftus M.J., Johnson G.J., Lee P.S., A portable instrument for measuring ground reflectance in the ultraviolet, "Photochem Photobiol," 61(1):68-70 (1995).

Diffey B.L., Kerwin M., Davis A., The anatomical distribution of sunlight, "Br J Dermatol," 97:407-409 (1977). Diffey B.L., Langley F.C., Evaluation of ultraviolet radiation hazards in hospitals, "York, Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine, Report No. 49," (1986).

Diffey B.L., McKinlay A.F., The UVB content of 'UVA' fluorescent lamps and its erythemal effectiveness on human skin, "Phys Med Biol," 28(4):351-358 (1983).

Diffey B.L., Oliver R.J., An inexpensive luminaire for diagnostic phototesting to UVB radiation, "Photodermatology," 3:260-262 (1985).

Diffey B.L., Oliver R.J., Farr P.M., A portable instrument for quantifying erythema induced by ultraviolet radiation, "Br J Dermatol," 111:663-672 (1984).

Diffey B.L., Saunders P.J., Behavior outdoors and its effects on personal ultraviolet exposure rate measured using an ambulatory datalogging dosimeter, "Photochem Photobiol," 61(6):615-618 (1995).

Doda D.D., Green A.E.S., Surface reflectance measurements in the UV from an airborne platform, Part I, "Appl Opt," 19(13):2140-2145 (1980).

Doda D.D., Green A.E.S., Surface reflectance measurements in the UV from an airborne platform, Part II, "Appl Opt," 20:636-642 (1981).

5 USACHPPM UV HAZARDS BIBLIOGRAPHY - MEASUREMENTS

Driscoll C., McKinlay A., Ultraviolet radiation: Sources, characteristics, measurements, physical interactions, "Non-Ionizing Radiation," ICNIRP, 31-54 (1996).

Driscoll C.M.H., Dosimetry methods for UV radiation, "Radiation Protection Dosimetry," 72(3-4):217-222 (1997).

Driscoll C.M.H., Solar UVR measurements, "Radiation Protection Dosimetry," 64(3):179-188 (1996).

Driscoll C.M.H., Solar UVR measurements, "Radiation Protection Dosimetry," 64:179-188 (1996).

Driscoll C.M.H., Clark I.E.S., Grainger K.J.L., Measurement of solar UVR clothing protection factors, "National Radiological Protection Board, NRPB-M483," (1994).

Driscoll C.M.H., Grainger K.J.L., Sunscreen protection, "Radiological Protection Bulletin," 123:15-20 (1991).

Duncan D.D., Schneider W., West K.J., Kirkpatrick S.J., West S.K., Salisbury Eye Eval Team, Development of personal dosimeters for use in the visible and ultraviolet wavelength regions, "Photochem Photobiol," 62(1):94- 100 (1995).

El Naggar S., Gustat H., Magister H., Rochlitzer R., An electronic personal UV-B dosimeter, "J Photochem Photobiol," 31:83-86 (1995).

Estupinan J.G., Raman S., Crescenti G.H., Streicher J.J., Barnard W.F., The effects of clouds and haze on UV-B radiation, "J Geophys Res," 101:16,807-16,816 (1996).

Fanney Jr. J.H., Powell C.H., Field measurement of ultraviolet, infrared, and microwave energies, "Am Ind Hyg Assoc J," 28:335 (1967).

Fanselow D.L., Pathak M.A., Crone M.A., Ersfeld .D.A., Raber P.B., Trancik R.J., Dahl M.V., Reusable ultraviolet monitors: design, characteristics, and efficacy, "J Am Acad Dermatol," 9:714-723 (1983).

Feister U., Grewe R., Spectral Albedo Measurements in the UV and Visible Region over Different Types of Surfaces, "Photochem Photobiol," 62(4):736-744 (1995).

Feister U., Grewe R., Gericke K., A method for correction of cosine errors in measurements of spectral UV irradiance, "Solar Energy," 60:313-332 (1997).

Fekete, A., Vink, A.A., Gaspar, S., Berces, A., Modos, K., Fonto, G., Roza, L., Assessment of the effects of various UV sources on inactivation and photoproduct induction in phage T7 dosimeter, "Photochem Photobiol," 68(4):527-531 (1998).

Ferraro S., Ultraviolet germicidal lamps enlisted in tuberculosis fight, "New York Daily News," August 3: (1997). Fioletov V.E., Evans W.F.J., The influence of ozone and other factors on surface radiation, "Ozone Science:A Canadian Perspective on the Changing Ozone Layer," (edited by Wardle D.I., Kerr J.B., McElroy C.T., Francis D.R.) Environment Canada, Toronto, CAN, (1997).

Flynn L.E., Labow G.J., Beach R.A., Rawlins M.A., Flittner D.E., Estimation of ozone with total ozone portable spectroradiometer instruments. I. Theoretical model and error analysis, "Appl Opt," 35(30):6076-6083 (1996). Forster P.M., Shine K.P., A comparison of two radiation schemes for calculating ultraviolet radiation, "QJR Meteorol Soc," 121:1113-1131 (1995).

Frederick J., Comparison of measurements from R-B and Dobson meters, "UV-B Monitoring Workshop Report - 1992 (Lecture notes)," Science and Policy Associates, Inc., Washington, DC, USA, C162-C176 (1992).

6 USACHPPM UV HAZARDS BIBLIOGRAPHY - MEASUREMENTS Frederick J.E., An assessment of the Robertson-Bergre ultraviolet meter and measurements: introductory comments, "Photochem Photobiol," 56(1):113-114 (1992).

Frederick J.E., Trends and interannual variations in erythemal sunlight, 1978-1993, "Photochem Photobiol," 62:476-484 (1996).

Frederick J.E., Yearly review: Trends in atmospheric ozone and ultraviolet radiation: Mechanisms and observations for the Northern hemisphere, "Photochem Photobiol," 51(6):757-763 (1990).

Frederick J.E., Lubin D., Measurement of UV-radiation by the radiation transer model, "J Geophys Res - Atmos," 93:3825-3832 (1988).

Frederick J.E., Steele H.D., The transmission of sunlight through cloudy skies: An analysis based on standard meteorological information, "J Appl Meteorol," 34:2755-2761 (1995).

Frederick J.E., Weatherhead E.C., Temporal changes in surface ultraviolet radiation: A study of the Robertson- Berger meter and Dobson data records, "Photochem Photobiol," 56(1):123-131 (1992).

Fujii M., Yokota R., Atarshi Y., Development of polymeric track detectors of high sensitivity, "Nucl Tracks Radiat Meas," 17:19-21 (1990).

Gange R.W., Park Y.-K., Auletta M., Kagetsu N., Blackett A.D., Parrish J.A., Action spectra for cutaneous responses to ultraviolet radiation, "The Biological Effects of UVA Radiation," (edited by Gange R.W., Urbach F.) Praeger, New York, (1985).

Garadazha M.P., Nezval Y.I., Ultraviolet radiation in large cities and possible ecological consequences of its changing flux due to anthropogenic impact, "Proceedings of Symposium on Climate and Human Health, WCAP Report No. 2," World Health Organization, World Climate Programme Applications, Geneva, Leningrad, 64-68 (1997).

Gardiner B., Webb A., European communities STEP UV-B monitoring program: Instrument intercomparison, "UV-B Monitoring Workshop Report - 1992 (Lecture notes)," Science and Policy Associates, Inc., Washington, DC, USA, C121-C128 (1992).

Garrison L.M., Murray L.E., Doda D.D., Green A.E.S., Diffuse-direct ultraviolet ratios with a compact double monochromator, "Appl Opt," 17(5):827-835 (1978).

Gies H.P., Roy C., Toomey S., MacLennan R., Watson M., Solar UVR exposures of primary school children at three locations in Queensland, "Photochem Photobiol," 68(1):78-83 (1998).

Gies H.P., Roy C.R., Elliott G., Zongli W., Ultraviolet radiation protection factors for clothing, "Health Physics," 67(2):131-139 (1994).

Gies H.P., Roy C.R., Toomey S., MacLennan R., Watson M., Solar UVR exposures of three groups of outdoor workers on the Sunshine coast, Queensland, "Photochem Photobiol," 62(6):1015-1021 (1995).

Gies H.P., Roy C.R., Toomey S., Tomlinson D., The ARL solar UVR measurement network: Calibration and results, "SPIE Ultraviolet Technology V," 2282:274-284 (1994).

Gies, P., Roy, C., Toomey, S., MacLennan, R., Watson, M., Solar UVR exposures of primary school children at three locations in Queensland, "Photochem Photobiol," 68(1):78-83 (1998).

Grainger K., Driscoll C., Protection in fashion, "Radiological Protection Bulletin," 163:11-14 (1995). Grainger R.G., Basher R.E., McKenzie R.L., UV-B Robertson-Berger meter characterization and field calibration, "Appl Opt," 32(3):343-349 (1993).

7 USACHPPM UV HAZARDS BIBLIOGRAPHY - MEASUREMENTS Grant R.H., Heisler G.M., Gao W., Clear sky radiance distributions in ultraviolet wavelength bands, "Theor Appl Climatol," 56:123-135 (1997).

Green A.E.S., Cross K.R., Smith L.A., Improved analytic characterization of ultraviolet skylight, "Photochem Photobiol," 31:59-65 (1980).

Grobner J., Blumthaler M., Ambach W., Experimental investigation of spectral global irradiance measurement errors due to a nonideal cosine response, "Geophys Res Lett," 23:2493-2496 (1996).

Grobner, J., Wardle, D.I., McElroy, C.T., Kerr, J.B., Investigation of the wavelength accuracy of Brewer spectrophotometers, "Applied Optics," 37(36):8352-8360 (1998).

Gushchin G.P., Sokolenko S.A., Kovalyov V.A., Total ozone measuring instruments used at the USSR station network, "Atmospheric Ozone," (edited by Zerefos C.S., Ghazi A.) Reidel, Dordrecht, 543-546 (1985).

Hand C.W., Short UV emissions from acetylene flames, "J Chem Physics," 36:2521 (1962).

Harris P.B., The BRE ultraviolet sensor, "Building Research Establishment," (1973).

Hasselbach K.A., Quantitative Untersuchengen uber die Absorption der menschlichen Haut von ultravioletten Strahlen, "Skandinav Archs Physiol," 25:55 (1911).

Hawryshyn C.W., Sideband transmission in interference filters and its implications for measurements of spectral sensitivity, "Exp Biol," 48:123-126 (1989).

Henderson S.T., Daylight and its Spectrum, "Daylight and its Spectrum," American Elsevier, New York, (1970). Herlihy E., Gies H.P., Roy C.R., Jones M., Personal dosimetry of solar UV radiation for different outdoor activities, "Photochem Photobiol," 60(3):288-294 (1994).

Hilfiker R., Kaufmann W., Reinert G., Schmidt E., Improving sun protection factors by applying UV absorbers, "Textile Res J," 66:61-70 (1996).

Hill W., Bishop L., Statistical considerations in network design and data analyses, "UV-B Monitoring Workshop Report - 1992 (Lecture notes)," Science and Policy Associates, Inc., Washington, DC, USA, C305-C322 (1992).

Holloway L., Atmospheric sun protection factor on clear days: its observed dependence on solar zenith angle and its relevance to the shadow rule for sun protection, "Photochem Photobiol," 56(2):229-234 (1992).

Holloway L., Shadow rule for sun protection, "J Am Acad Dermatol," 31(3):517 (1994). Holloway L., Summer solstice: A part of history but it may be hazardous to your health, "Hardwick Gazette," (1987).

Holman C.D.J., Gibson I.M., Stephenson M., Armstrong B.K., Ultraviolet irradiation of human body sites in relation to occupation and outdoor activity: field studies using personal UVR dosimeters, "Clin Exp Dermatol," 8:269-277 (1983).

Hoover H.L., Sunglasses, pupil dilation, and solar ultraviolet irradiation of the human lens and retina, "Appl Opt," 26(4):689-695 (1987).

Horkay I., Wikonkal N., Patko J., Bazsa G., Beck M., Ferenczi A., Nagy Z., SUNTEST: a chemical UVB radiation dosimeter, "J Photochem Photobiol," 31:79-82 (1995).

Horneck G., Rettberg P., Rabbow E., Strauch W., Seckmeyer G., Facius R., Reitz G., Biological dosimetry of solar radiation for different simulated ozone column thickness, "J Photochem Photobiol," 32(3):189-196 (1996).

8 USACHPPM UV HAZARDS BIBLIOGRAPHY - MEASUREMENTS

Huber M., Blumthaler M., Ambach W., Total atmospheric ozone determined from spectral measurements of direct solar UV irradiance, "Geophys Res Lett," 22:53-56 (1995).

ICNIRP, Global solar UV index, "ICNIRP 1/95," (edited by UV Index Task Group) ICNIRP, Oberschleissheim, GER, (1995). IES, IES Guide for Measurement of Ultraviolet Radiation from Light Sources, "IES Guide for Measurement of Ultraviolet Radiation from Light Sources," (1984).

Iqbal M.,, "An Introduction to Solar Radiation," Academic Press, Toronto, (1983).

Ireland W., Sacher R., The angular distribution of solar ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared radiation from cloudless skies, "Photochem Photobiol," 63(4):483-486 (1996).

James R.H., Miller S.A., Ultraviolet radiation emissions from fluorescent lamps and sunlamps, "Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation: Risks and Regulations," (edited by Passchier W.F., Bosnjakovic B.F.M.) Elsevier Science Publishers (Biomedical Division), 281-285 (1987).

Johnsen B., Hannevik M., The 1995 intercomparison of UV and PAR instruments at the University of Oslo, "StralevernRapport," 7: (1997).

Johnson K.M., Hesselink L., Goodman J.W., Holographic reciprocity law failure, "Appl Opt," 23(2):218-227 (1984).

Josefsson W., Testing of the MED-meter and a proposal of a solar UV-network in Sweden, "SMHI Meteorologi Klimatsektionen," 1-31 (1989).

Karha P., Visuri R., Leszczynski K., Manoochehri F., Jokela K., Ikonen E., Detector-based calibration method for high-accuracy solar UV measurements, "Photochem Photobiol," 64(2):340-343 (1996).

Kaufmann W.F., Hartmann K.M., Low cost digital spectroradiometer, "Photochem Photobiol," 49(6):769-774 (1989).

Kendall G., Hazards and risks, "Radiological Protection Bulletin No. 203," National Radiological Protection Board, 17-18 (1998).

Kennedy B.C., Sharp W.E., A validation study of the Robertson-Berger meter, "Photochem Photobiol," 56(1):133- 141 (1992).

Kerr J.B., McElroy C.T., Evidence for large upward trends of ultraviolet-B radiation linked to ozone depletion, "Science," 262:1032-1034 (1993).

Kirk J.T.O., Hargreaves B.R., Morris D.P., Coffin R.B., David B., Frederickson D., Karentz D., Measurements of UV-B radiation in two freshwater lakes: an instrument intercomparison, "Arch Hydrobiol Beth, Ergebn Linmol," 43:71-99 (1994).

Klein R.M., Cut-off filters for the near ultraviolet, "Photochem Photbiol," 29:1053-1054 (1979). Klein W., Goldberg B.,, "Solar Radiation Measurements 1968-1973," Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC, (1974).

Koepke P., Comparison of models used for UV index calculations, "Report of the WMO-WHO Meeting of Experts on Standardization of UV Indices and their Dissemination to the Public," World Meteorological Organization; WMO/TD-No. 921, No. 127:85-87 (1997).

Kojima M., Wegener A., Hockwin O., Imaging characteristics of three cameras using the Scheimpflug principle, "Ophthalmic Res," 22:29-35 (1990).

9 USACHPPM UV HAZARDS BIBLIOGRAPHY - MEASUREMENTS Kok C.J., Kasten F., Justus C.G., Aydinli S., Kaase H., Kockot D., Solar spectral irradiance, "CIE Technical Report 85-1989," CIE Central Bureau, Vienna, Austria, (1989).

Kolari P., Hoikkala M., Lauharanta J., Assessment of the dose response of polysulphone film badges for the measurement of UV radiation, "Photodermatology," 3:228-232 (1986).

Kolari P., Lauharanta J., Hoikkala M., Midsummer solar UV radiation in Finland compared with the UV radiation from phototherapeutic devices measured by different techniques, "Photodermatology," 3:340-345 (1986). Kollias N., Recent advances in medical spectroscopy, "Amer Soc Photobiol, 25th Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO, July 5-10, 1997," (1997).

Kollias N., Baqer A., Measurement of solar middle ultraviolet radiation in Kuwait, "Solar Wind Tech," 1:59-62 (1984).

Kollias N., Baqer A.H., Sadiq I., Measurements of solar middle ultraviolet radiation in a desert environment, "Photochem Photobiol," 47(4):565-569 (1988).

Koskela T., Damski J., Taalas P., Sarkanen A., The UV forecasting system of Finland, "Report of the WMOWHO Meeting of Experts on Standardization of UV Indices and their Dissemination to the Public," World Meteorological Organization; WMO/TD-No. 921, No. 127:107-110 (1998).

Kosnik W., Fikre J., Sekuler R., Visual fixation stability in older adults, "Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci," 27(12):1720-1725 (1986).

Kostkowski H.J., Saunders R.D., Ward J.F., Popenoe C.H., Green A.E.S., Measurements of solar terrestrial spectral irradiance in the ozone cut-off region, "Self-Study Manual on Optical Radiation Measurements, Part III, Applications Chapter 1. NBS Technical Note 910-5," National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC, (1982). Kraiss K.-F., Moraal J., Vision and visual displays, "Introduction to Human Engineering," Verlag TUV Rheinland GmbH, Cologne, 85-147 (1976).

Kuck Jr. J.F.R., Effect of long-wave ultraviolet light on the lens I. Model systems for detecting and measuring effect on the lens in vitro, "Invest Ophthalmol," 15(5):405-407 (1976).

Kurylo M., International network for the detection of stratospheric change, "UV-B Monitoring Workshop Report - 1992 (Lecture notes)," Science and Policy Associates, Inc., Washington, DC, USA, C230-C249 (1992).

Labow G.J., Flynn L.E., Rawlins M.A., Beach R.A., Simmons C.A., Schubert C.M., Estimation of ozone with total ozone portable spectroradiometer instruments. II. Practical operation and comparisons, "Appl Opt," 35(30):6084-6089 (1996).

Laurion I., Vincent W.F., Lean D.R.S., Underwater ultravolet radiation: development of spectral models for northern high latitude lakes, "Photochem Photobiol," 65(1):107-114 (1997).

Leach J.F., McLeod V.E., Pingstone A.R., Davis A., Deane G.H.W., Measurements of ultraviolet doses received by office workers, "Clin Expt Dermatol," 3:77-79 (1978).

Lee R.L., Horizon brightness revisited: measurements and a model of clear-sky radiances, "Appl Opt," 33(21):4620-4628 (1994).

Leszczynski K., Jokela K., Visuri R., Huurto L., Simola J., Koskela T., Taalas P., Performance tests of two Robertson-Berger type UV meters Solar Light Model 500 and 501, "Proc International Symposium on High Latitude Optics, Tromso, Norway, 28 June - 2 July 1993," (1993).

10 USACHPPM UV HAZARDS BIBLIOGRAPHY - MEASUREMENTS

Leszczynski K., Jokela K., Visuri R., Ylianttila L., Calibration of the broadband radiometers of the Finnish solar ultraviolet monitoring network, "Metrologia," 32:701-704 (1995).

Leszczynski K., Jokela K., Ylianttila L., Visuri R., Blumthaler M., Erythemally weighted radiometers in solar UV monitoring: Results from the WMO/STUK intercomparison, "Photochem Photobiol," 67(2):212-221 (1998).

Litynska Z., Kois B., Lapeta B., The monitoring and public information on UV-B in Poland, "Report of the WMOWHO Meeting of Experts on Standardization of UV Indices and their Dissemination to the Public," World Meteorological Organization; WMO/TD-No. 921, No. 127:33-36 (1997).

Long C.S., Ultraviolet index verification report: Indicators of surface ultraviolet radiation observation characteristics: 1996, "," National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC, USA, (1996).

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17 USACHPPM UV HAZARDS BIBLIOGRAPHY - MEASUREMENTS

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Wester U., How bad are sunbeds?, "SSI News," 5(1):12-13 (1997).

Wester U., UV index - a daily forecast of the sun's strength, "SSI News," Swedish Radiation Protection Institute, Stockhom, Sweden, 3(4):4 (1993).

Wester U., Boldeman C., Ullen H., Safe suntime 'sundisk' and UV index, "Environmental UV Radiation, Risk of Skin Cancer and Primary Prevention, May 6-8 1996, Hamburg - Conference Reports," Veroffentlichungen der Stralhlenschutzkommission, SSK-Band 34, Fischer, Stuttgart, (1996).

Wester U., Josefsson W., UV Index and influence of action spectrum and surface inclination, "Report of the WMO-WHO Meeting of Experts on Standardization of UV Indices and their Dissemination to the Public," World Meteorological Organization; WMO/TD-No. 921, No. 127:63-66 (1997).

Wester U., Josefsson W., Nissen J., UV index in Sweden 1993-1994, "Report of the WMO Meeting of Experts on UV-B Measurements, Data Quality and Standardization of UV Indices, Les Diablerets, Switzerland, 25-28 July 1994," World Meteorological Organization, Global Atmosphere Watch, Report No. 95, (GEMS) WMO/TD No. 625, 91-92.

19 USACHPPM UV HAZARDS BIBLIOGRAPHY - MEASUREMENTS

Wester U., Paulsson, UV index impacts attitude to sun exposure of half a million people in Sweden, "SSI News," Swedish Radiation Protection Institute, Stockhom, Sweden, (in press).

Wester U., Paulsson L.-E., UV index influences attitudes to sun exposure, "SSI News," 6(1):14 (1998).

Whillock M., Clark I., Mundy S., Todd C., Ultraviolet emissions from fluorescent lamps, "National Radiological Protection Board," 13-17.

Whillock M.J., Clark I.E.S., Grainger K.J.L., Pearson A.J., Driscoll C.M.H., Modifications to the measurement and computational procedures used in the assessment of solar UVR clothing protection factors, "National Radiological Protection Board, NRPB-M566," (1995).

Whillock M.J., Pearson A., McKinlay A.F., Driscoll C.M.H., Assessment of optical radiation hazards from tungsten halogen lamps, "Radiological Protection Bulletin," 116:4-8 (1990).

Wilson S.R., Forgan B.W., In situ calibration technique for UV spectral radiometers, "Appl Opt," 34(24):5475-5484 (1995).

WMO,, "WMO-UMAP Workshop on Broad-band UV Radiometers," World Meteorological Organization;WMO/TD-No. 894, No. 120: (1997).

Wong C.F., Scattered ultraviolet radiation underneath a shade cloth, "Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed," 10:221-224 (1994).

Wong C.F., Fleming R., Carter S.J., A new dosimeter for ultraviolet-B radiation, "Photochem Photobiol," 50:611-615 (1989).

Wong J.C.F., Fleming R., Carter S.J., A new dosimeter for ultraviolet-B radiation, "Photochem Photobiol," 50(5):611-615 (1989).

Wong J.C.F., Parisi A.V., Measurement of UVA Exposure to Solar Radiation, "Photochem Photobiol," 63(6):807-810 (1996).

Yin J., Zhu S., Gao W., Measurement of the ultralow stray light in a double monochromator, "Opt Eng," 35(10):3012-3018 (1996).

Yoshida, H., Regan, J., Technical Note--Solar UVB dosimetry by amplification of short and long segments in Phage lambda DNA, "Photochem Photobiol," 669(5):672-675 (1997).

Young R., Schneider W.E., Instrumentation advances enhance spectroradiometers, "Laser Focus World," 31(5):215-220 (1995).

Zhang Z., Thomas B.W., Wong C.F., Fleming R.A., Fast measurements of transmission of erythema effective irradiance through clothing fabrics, "Health Physics," 72(2):256-260 (1997).

Zheng X., Basher R.E., Homogenisation and trend detection analysis of broken series of solar UVB data, "Theor Appl Climatol," 47(4):189-203 (1993). UVerySure 19:57, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Eye protection and UVA, UVB
If someone has a link to a journal or a book reference that goes into this, please point it out - personally I'm very interested =)

Black Light/UV Light
See http://en.wikipedia.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/wiki/Talk:Black_light for context.

A note was added in the header of this page:  UV Light is also a technically incorrect but common name for black light'', which was removed by Deglr6328. The problem is, if someone searches for UV Light, there are no refrences to point them at the black light article, which is what they'd be after. I strongly feel a note needs to be added to avoide confusion for anyone searching on the "Disco tubes" style UV Light. Can I have some feedback on this issue? 81.137.159.61 18:05, 28 December 2006 (UTC)


 * There are now two links to black light, one in the intro explanation of UVA and another in the applications section. This seems pretty reasonable to me. Any further suggestions? If not, probably safe to remove these comments. LightYear 03:36, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Contradiction
I just placed a tag in the article. The article talk about "UVC able to penetrate the window due to their longer wavelenght" UVC were previously stated as the shortest wavelenght. I also heard that most of the uvc are blocked by the ozone layer. Was that uva that this section was about ? -- 139.57.221.29 03:32, 5 April 2007 (UTC)


 * Looks like this has been resolved and the tag (?) removed. Thus, I think this is no longer an issue. LightYear 03:36, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Discovery
Bluetooth Radiation in the 19th Century... I've never heard of any of this, is there any way to clarify? -Assegai_ —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 132.244.246.25 (talk) 09:13, 24 April 2007 (UTC).

DNA picture
Be advised that the model DNA pictured here is incorrect. The helix is reversed. Whoever created this graphic, please correct it. (comment moved from article page by Bongwarrior 20:56, 21 May 2007 (UTC))

Quote from Madhavacharya
I have removed a quote from Discovery section of Article and pasted it below. I have two concerns regarding this quote, which is claimed to be from 13th century Indian philosopher Madhavacharya. First it does not cite reliable source, second for real or for my poor understanding of Sanskrit, it is quite vague. For example, the same quote can be applied to any electromagnetic radiation not visible to human eye and hence does not necessarily indicate Madhavacharya was knowing about UV rays. Unless otherwise somebody clarify this aspects I do not consider following text to be allowed in this article


 * The existence of Ultra Violet rays was first given by 13th century Indian Philosopher Shri Madhvacharya in his work, Anuvyakhyana. "Bhootamapyasitam DivyadrishtigocharaMeva Cha. UtpatdhEtE Avyaakrtam Hi Gaganam SaakshiGocharam" The atmosphere or Bhootakasha which is among the five elements will cease to exist when universe ends. This atmosphere contains violet rays which cannot be seen by ordinary eyes.

pruthvi 18:17, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

Psoriasis and other skin diseases
This is in part a response to citation request. First, I see repeated text regarding skin treatment related effects of UV. Secondly, I found controversial claims in peer reviewed literature. Skin treatment related benefits of UV rays are mentioned first-time in "Beneficial effects of UV" section. Second-time in "Photochemical Therapy" and third-time it appears in Phototherapy section. I think it can be well-consolidated in one paragraph appearing in beneficial effects of UV.

Regarding effectiveness of narrowband UV versus broadband UV I come across contradictory claims in peer reviewed literature. Tanew et al. (1999) claim no significant improvement by use of narrow band vs broadband, while Coven et al. (1997) claim improvement when narrowband UVB used.

UV characteristics in Nature
In nature, for example some flowers have certain marks that can only be seen with UV light. It is invisible to humans, but an animal like a bee would be able to use this marking. Anyone have a pcture of a flower mark under UV to contribute? &#91;&#91;User:Kiby145&#124;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#a00;color:#000&quot;&gt;:K&lt;span style=&quot;background:#c00&quot;&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;background:#d00&quot;&gt;rby1&lt;/span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;5:&lt;/span&gt;]] 07:02, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

GA status
I've delisted this due to the extremely poor lead section (about 12 times its current length might be adequate), and the presence of several tags throughout. It was about 2 years since it was listed, so I guess standards weren't quite so high then. I'm not sure if anyone is involved with this article or not, but I might also suggest creating more daughter articles and making fuller use of summary style. Richard001 07:12, 9 November 2007 (UTC)


 * I reverted your changes that required a LOGIN to view the links you changed, which was not helpful. Pharmboy 15:46, 9 November 2007 (UTC)


 * Not sure what you're talking about, all I did was add a template . Richard001 19:54, 9 November 2007 (UTC)


 * Link using ezproxy is way of giving access to internet resources to which your institute has subscription. Since it prevents other users who have subscription via different institute -- it is not advisable to use here. The template, is very much intrusive making article difficult to read, I believe template suggesting article improvement or collaborations should be used on talk page only. pruthvi 22:26, 9 November 2007 (UTC)


 * I'm sure I didn't link using ezproxy intentionally, though it's difficult to avoid it completely. Where did it appear? The lead template needs to stay whether it's on the talk page or main page. Most templates are 'ugly' like that, but this is an excellent example of a detailed article with an underdeveloped lead. I prefer the content space myself, since people need to realize that leads shouldn't be like that. Richard001 04:11, 10 November 2007 (UTC)


 * Although the intro to the article is short, I wouldn't agree that it is "too short". The intro gives a very short and direct answer to what the article is about.  Not every article will have the same amount of text here.  I find long lead-ins to be annoying and often contain material that should be found elsewhere in the article, and not the lead.  But this may just be me.  If someone wants to add to the lead-in, I would just hope we don't fluff it up with stuff that doesn't belong in the intro of an article.  Pharmboy 17:15, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Semen
Were can I put this picture?? --Daffman1408 (talk) 16:05, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

The question isn't "where can you put it", it is "does this picture add to the understanding of the subject matter". Since I didn't see any text about how black light or UV in general is used for detecting sperm, I would guess this is the wrong article. I would suggest an article about crime, where this actually applies. Unless there is a rationale that provides a reason for a picture of sperm in a UV article, I will revert again. Pharmboy (talk) 16:25, 16 January 2008 (UTC)


 * D'accord! I'll try it at Black light!! --Daffman1408 (talk) 16:31, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Image
Please add Image:Ozone altitude UV graph.jpg this image into the article -- penubag  23:58, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Subtypes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet#Subtypes

Someone needs to check the Subtypes. Am I wrong in thinking that Near, NUV, has the wrong wavelength listed 400 nm - 200 nm. If 200nm that's near Far or vacuum UV. Past UVC. Right? A wide range in wavelength for NUV.


 * I updated the table to reflect the draft standard. It lists NUV as 400-300nm. How's it look to you know? LightYear (talk) 02:49, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

I'm assuming that wavelengths can overlap. If so the wavelength in the Far can fall into UVC. I'm not an expert in this stuff. I'm just looking at the numbers. If you look at the electromagnectic spectrum the Radio doesn't overlape with Microwave. Everything is kinda of seperated. On here I see Far can fit right in UVC based on wavelength. Again I'm not an expert. --68.228.84.70 (talk) 03:28, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

UVA and Melanoma
The effect of UVA and of the indirect DNA damage is important. It has been proven that UVB does not cause the most deadly form of skin-cancer (the malignant melanom). Instead the melanom is caused by UVA and the incidence rate of melanom has increased the most, where sunscreen use has been most widespread.

Genetical analysis has shown, that it is not the UVB which causes Melanoma but rather the UVA radiation.

Please help me to destroy the myth that "sunburn causes melanoma". In reality sunburn and melanoma are statistically associated because they have a common cause - UV-light from the sun. But sunscreen does not help to prevent Melanoma. Do not erase the Davies reference! Gerriet42 (talk) 07:25, 12 March 2008 (UTC)


 * I don't think Wikipedia is the place to carry out a myth burning parade! Nonetheless, we need to do as well as possible in outlining the facts. I removed the section on UVA in under Black light simply because it was in the wrong section. The relevant section already had some of the info, and the rest I could not find in the reference, so I left it out. There is now lots of info on UVA and melanoma vs sunburn in the "Harmful effects" section. I suggest that if you think it is incomplete that you merge in what you've written above. Just because you have an axe to grind doesn't mean the formality and structure of the article should be sacrificed. I've reapplied the removal from the black light section. LightYear (talk) 03:16, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

sunscreen contradiction
Octylmethoxycinnamate is listed as both a chemical to look for in sunscreen, and one to avoid. Which is it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.219.12.207 (talk) 23:33, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

Those who are in favor of this substance refer to the UV-A blocking properties. Unfortunately this chemical filter is capable of penetrating the epidermal barrier, and when it penetrates into the skin and gets in contact with living tissue it enhances the production of free radicals - which are responsible for developing malignant melanoma.Gerriet42 (talk) 14:26, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

Quick tan that lasts for days??
I think that the part under skin about UVA providing a quick tan that lasts for days needs to be revised. Although UVA redarkens existing melanin quickly, that doesn't mean that the tan also disappears quickly. I think they were trying to say that the formation of new melanin takes a longer amount of time, and UVB radiation, but this is not said clearly. 24.65.42.159 (talk) 00:29, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Possible contradiction
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet "While "black lights" do produce light in the UV range, their spectrum is confined to the longwave UVA region. Unlike UVB and UVC, which are responsible for the direct DNA damage that leads to skin cancer..."

From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_DNA_damage "The absorption spectrum of DNA shows a strong absorption for UVB-radiation and a much lower absorption for UVA-radiation. Since the action spectrum of sunburn is identical to the absorption spectrum of DNA, it is generally accepted that the direct DNA damages are the cause of sunburn.[1] While the human body reacts to direct DNA damages with a painful warning signal,[1]no such warning signal is generated from indirect DNA damage, and the indirect DNA damage is responsible for 92% of all melanoma cases."

Essentially, one article suggests that UVB causes skin cancer and the other one suggests it's not UVB. Oh that and one article suggests that direct DNA damage is responsible for skin cancer where as the other article points the finger at indirect DNA damage —Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.245.249.239 (talk) 03:34, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

Sunscreen
We should remove the link to "Sunscreen_Controversy", which is a biased page. Link instead to "Sunscreen".24.186.79.120 (talk) 23:46, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

"Human health-related effects of UV radiation" What about animals?
"Human health-related effects of UV radiation" What about animals?

Reptiles have scales. How does that relate to UV protection? Same for mammals with thick hair. What about pigs, dolphines/whales/seals, birds, anthropods, fish, etc.? William Ortiz (talk) 03:34, 12 July 2008 (UTC) Dogs get sunburned noses, and they need sunscreen. You have to hold 'em down and dab it on, but I'll be, they just lick it off! Goddamn dogs. --79.66.3.195 (talk) 20:13, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

Numerical ranges for wavelengths (nm) and energies (eV)
Corrected three times the same error concerning energy in the third paragraph. A photon having a 10nm wavelength gives an energy of $$h\cdot \nu = \frac{h\cdot c}{\lambda}=\frac{4.13566733\cdot 10^{-15}\cdot 299792458}{10\cdot 10^{-9}} = 123.9842eV$$ and not 12.4eV as it was written.Gverez (talk) 16:06, 9 March 2010 (UTC)


 * The reference given for the table in the "Subtypes" paragraph requires the calculation described by User:Gverez: it doesn't cover the information directly—I looked it up to check before I reverted some typos. I've no reason to doubt the accuracy, but is it original research when used in this way?--Old Moonraker (talk) 06:15, 24 April 2010 (UTC)


 * I think "original research" was Planck and Einstein developing the equation E [in eV] = 1240 / λ [in nm], not Wikipedia editors doing basic arithmetic. That said, people who don't have a confident grasp of the mathematics really should refrain from putting their own numbers into encyclopedia articles! It's hard to believe how many times people have mistakenly changed the correct numbers in this one. —Patrug (talk) 15:22, 11 July 2014 (UTC)


 * I suppose, but then there is excess significant digits. If the source value has one or two, or even four, digits, 1240 is close enough.  If it has six, then you need something better. Gah4 (talk) 20:48, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

As pointed out in the wikipedia link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_volt, the energy E[eV] = 1240 eV*nm/Lambda [nm], so the first phrase contains a large disagreement between the values given in eV and those in nm. In particular, the nm range (900nm - 2400 nm) is completely wrong, corresponding to the "other side" of the spectrum, i.e. the near infrared range. The right wavelength range is 4.3nm to 413 nm. In a short while (allowing other authors to choose a "common range" based on their info), I will correct that. Please, do elementary checks when editing such widely used pages. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.206.83.181 (talk) 15:40, 16 November 2010 (UTC)


 * I recently fixed yet another inconsistency in the same spot. The current version of the range is 400 nm to 10 nm, or 3.1 eV to 124 eV according to the Planck-Einstein equation. —Patrug (talk) 15:22, 11 July 2014 (UTC)


 * It currently says "Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm (30 PHz) to 380 nm"Skintigh (talk) 15:11, 11 August 2016 (UTC)


 * The change to 380nm is from the Revision at 16:23, 10 April 2016; the user is an IPv6 address and offers no justification for the change. The rest of the article uses 400 nm, so I'm reverting that initial summary range to match.  380 nm is a common alternate endpoint. but ISO 21348 seems to define UV to up to 400nm even though optical is defined as down to 380nm, allowing a 20 nm overlap.  — Esobocinski (talk) 13:19, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

Trim and branch out
The article as it is seems very long to me. There are some original research to be trimmed out as well. Cantaloupe2 (talk) 05:53, 15 November 2012 (UTC)


 * Yes, and the bloat makes it hard to find the summary info that most visitors are looking for. Without removing any content, I just trimmed 3 KB of verbiage by consolidating Health/Skin/Sunscreen/Suntan sentences that had become quite repetitive and disorganized — and then another 2 KB by tightening the scattered and redundant sentences on Vacuum UV and Extreme UV. Now in the sprawling Applications section, an overly detailed catalog of nearly 40 KB, I wonder how much of the material is *truly* notable enough to merit keeping in this article... —Patrug (talk) 10:39, 13 July 2014 (UTC)


 * Some of this material may not be notable enough to keep in a main article like this one, but all of it needs to be kept in Wikipedia, per WP:SS. So whatever is done, we should not lose the information. I think the proper way to proceed is to create a new main article called Ultraviolet light applications or something (suggestions?). Then, most of the last half of this article can go there "as is" (with a new intro and lede/lead tacked on), and then a condensed version (with some minor applications reduced to mere sentences) can go here, in Applications, in its place. Needless to say, the "Applications article" (whatever we call it) would then become the "main" article for the applications subsection, here. S  B Harris 23:16, 21 August 2014 (UTC)


 * Good ideas, thanks. In fact, the reviewer who delisted this as a Good Article had similar recommendations way back then:
 * Previous debates on this page confirmed a strong consensus for titling the main article "Ultraviolet" rather than "Ultraviolet light", so the daughter article should probably be just "Ultraviolet applications". There's also Cantaloupe2's point above, about material that seems to reflect specific research projects from primary sources with no independent evidence of being noteworthy, so maybe not "all" the detailed info belongs in Wikipedia. For a condensed section in the main Ultraviolet article, a reasonable goal might be a single sentence to replace each subsection 9.1.1, 9.1.2, etc. For now, I've tagged the main article with the "Very Long" template ("too long to read & navigate comfortably... consider splitting or condensing"). If you or I or anyone else has time to carry out your suggestions for splitting off the Applications section, I think we'll be on the right track. —Patrug (talk) 05:32, 24 August 2014 (UTC)
 * There are lots of subordinate articles that can offload this one from the really fine and repetitive detail - summarize, summarize, summarize! I was suspicious of a 3-column see also list for an article this long; sure enough, many of the entries were redundant. If it's inline text or in a section see-also, it doesn't have to be in the end see-also section. --Wtshymanski (talk) 20:40, 27 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the great progress! If you could let us know when you're "done", I'll stay out of your way before attempting further cleanup myself. —Patrug (talk) 05:37, 31 August 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm still clearing away the soggy mattresses and old tires...it will be a while before we need the lawn mowers. --Wtshymanski (talk) 16:34, 31 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Getting down to the broken bottles and rusty cans level... --Wtshymanski (talk) 16:23, 25 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Lookin' good. The new lean introduction is a big improvement over the incredibly  bloated previous version, choked with stray verbiage leftover from generations of edit wars over tanning.  -- Chetvorno TALK 20:11, 25 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Lookin' good. The new lean introduction is a big improvement over the incredibly  bloated previous version, choked with stray verbiage leftover from generations of edit wars over tanning.  -- Chetvorno TALK 20:11, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

"Why" is always a good question to answer in an encyclopedia
We might want to explain *why* someone would want to take pictures in the ultraviolet. Finding fossils and detecting old carpentry repairs are two points I ran across. --Wtshymanski (talk) 17:50, 5 September 2014 (UTC)

Trimming more, and reorganizing applications differently?
What do you think of simplifying and condensing the applications part of Ultraviolet? I thought it could be reorganized to the way in which UV is applied: direct imaging or sensing of UV (photography, astronomy, chemical analysis, etc), use of UV to induce fluorescence (NDT, dayglo paint, stamps and passports), and to induce chemical changes or physical changes (curing plastics, air treatment, germicidal, EPROMs and so on), perhaps with a single sentence for each application instead of the wall'o'text we have now. It should be an overview of techniques, not an exhaustive catalog.

I'd also like to find out more about UV destruction of VOCs and CO for air treatment...the ASHRAE handbook gives about 1 sentence to acknowledge that this can be done, but has none of the usual tables and helpful chatter that would accompany a mainstream technique (like they have for germicidal air UV irradiation, etc.) If this is important, it needs to be expanded somewhat in the article....if it's fringy crystal-fondling, it should be removed.

Thanks for the additions...when you get the burnt couches and car hulks out of the playground, you can see the places to put new benches and maybe a fountain.... --Wtshymanski (talk) 16:37, 26 September 2014 (UTC)


 * You've been doing well, but this is a long road. I was actually the first to try to make some order of the applications, in Aug. 2012. At that time, it was once just a random list of apps, no particular structure, in an 88 KB article. What structure you see is what I imposed then, but there's always room for improvement.  What we have now is organized loosely by field, not by UV-interaction mechanism. So it's:

8.1 Photography 8.2 Electrical and electronics industry 8.3 Fluorescent dye uses 8.4 Analytic uses 8.4.1 Forensics 8.4.2 Enhancing contrast of ink 8.4.3 Sanitary compliance 8.4.4 Chemistry 8.5 Material science uses 8.5.1 Fire detection 8.5.2 Photolithography 8.5.3 Polymers 8.6 Biology-related uses 8.6.1 Air purification 8.6.2 Sterilization 8.6.3 Biological 8.6.4 Therapy 8.6.5 Herpetology

And so on. If you organize it by UV interaction mechanism, all that's going to be mixed up again, since you can use induced fluorescence to look for a gene in a cell making a fluorescent protein, or on a banknote to look for counterfeiting, and now these two things are next to each other. I think my way which organizes by educational and (essentially) Dewey Decimal subject topic is more natural, but that's just how I think. Not all of these above are that great-- why should fire detection go under "material science"? Maybe it needs to go under new "safety". This was a first-shot try.

I do feel strongly that the biology uses should go together, as you very much change the types of people and equipment whenever the life sciences are involved. If you want to try it another way, "have at it," but it's going to be ugly if it ignores boundaries of how it is taught, and who pays for the application, and what kind of degrees and education the people using it have, for the purpose. (Are they engineers, biologists, cops?). It is, after all, a section on APPLICATION, and we traditionally organize applications by job-- industrial or science application, literally. Do we want to go from "top down" (people, jobs, organizations who use it for what), or "bottom up" (UV interaction mechanism). Perhaps a list of both, with the app detail not duplicated, but major apps mentioned in both lists.

As for shortening much more, I am NOT in favor. The article is 51 KB which is about right for a major science article, and now shorter than the infrared one at 54 KB. It was up to a bloated 90 kB once. My opinion is that it is time to stop shortening for the sake of shortening, and take the banner off the top.

This is important enough that I think we should have input of all the editors, so I'm going to copy this to the article TALK page to get other people's inputs. S B Harris 22:31, 26 September 2014 (UTC)

Ref. 14 is not a proper citation
A popular science article in a daily newspaper (moreover, one widely ridiculed for its errors) is not a proper citation in an encyclopaedia.
 * Reference numbers can change as other people edit — but judging from the date of the Edit History for your unsigned comment, I presume you were referring to The Guardian's 2002 article. So, I've added a direct citation to the 1982 scientific paper that the newspaper mentioned. Hope this helps. —Patrug (talk) 21:54, 2 January 2015 (UTC)

What's going on with compact fluorescent bulbs emitting UV, and how does "254 nm" line get out?
The info I can find suggests that there is concern over compact fluorescents with cracked phosphors emitting 254 nm light. How does this pass through glass to even get out of the bulb? Also, they seem to always use the action spectrum for erythema ("sunburn") when discussing the exposure potential. The action spectrum extends into the UVA but is steeply reduced - so is it feasible that the 365 nm Mercury line is a bigger contributor to the erythemally weighted output of these sources than the 254 nm line, even though it falls in the "UVA" range while the 254 nm line is "UVC"? 129.2.106.82 (talk) 13:03, 26 July 2015 (UTC)Nightvid

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I reverted back to trim version / consensus version
We do not need to drone on and on about skin cancer in this article. We already have articles that cover skin cancer, sunscreen and risks, so we only need to touch on these topics in a general sense and link to the larger articles. Otherwise, you are giving too much space to side topics and not on what really matter, ie: the bandwidths that make up UV. This is an article about science, not social issues. As this restores the consensus version, we would need to have a consensus here before adding back over 11k worth of extraneous info, via WP:BRD. Dennis Brown - 2&cent; 13:10, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

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WP:MEDRS Primary vs. secondary source disagreement
In good faith, I deleted a paragraph which I believe contained sources that violated WP:MEDRS, the Wikipedia "guideline [that] supports the general sourcing policy with specific attention to what is appropriate for medical content in any Wikipedia article, including those on alternative medicine." (WP:MEDRS).

My deletion was revision 745997202. disagreed and undid my revision, writing in his/her comments that the sources are not primary sources.

Per WP:MEDRS: "A primary source in medicine is one in which the authors directly participated in the research or documented their personal experiences. They examined the patients, injected the rats, filled the test tubes, or at least supervised those who did. Many, but not all, papers published in medical journals are primary sources for facts about the research and discoveries made."

I looked at the sources (academic journal articles) and they appear to be written by the scientists who performed the research.

In the spirit of positive collaboration, I'd like to ask - can you lend your expertise here? Are the sources considered primary or secondary per MEDRS?

The two sources in question are:


 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12547714


 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16049334

Thanks, --Sarahcunningham87 (talk) 20:30, 24 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I may have been mislead by the first link to primary source in MEDRS, for which I apologize. I should have read better.
 * Nevertheless, I do have some problems with the edit I reverted, since the sources mentioned above pertain to one specific affliction, pterygium, but the entire section was removed. This includes well known consequences of overexposure, specifically welder's flash or photokeratitis. As much as i value the efforts of Sarahcunningham87, that seems a bit too much. If sources are inadequate, remove the statements supported by that source, I would think, but not the entire section. Kleuske (talk) 20:57, 24 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Kleuske - That seems fair. We may need to find a source for the last part of the paragraph, but I could help look around for one. I appreciate your response! --Sarahcunningham87 (talk) 21:24, 24 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Sorry for the wait. So the consensus is, just remove the offending sources and pterygium, and reinstate the cn- you placed (feel free t add some). I'll try to help you on the sources, since it's a fairly major article. I'll edit on the assumption we have consensus, here. Roll me back if you disagree. Regards, Kleuske (talk) 17:23, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.s-et.com/applications/wavelength.html

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The health benefits of exposure requires, in my opinion, a complete overhaul
It is not impartial and clearly reads with blatant bias in favour of exposure. The claims regarding vitamin D and mental health, cardiovascular health and the immune system reference publications which are discussions only, or meta-analyses with inconclusive or minute evidence. In fact the claims made here clash directly with main Vitamin D wikipedia entry, which highlights the need for further research, and the inconclusivity of the data in these areas. Currently (though I'm sure it will change) only Vitamin D's association with bone health (and a minor reduction in mortality in the elderly) has sufficient scientific data to back it up.

It seems a bit off-topic to begin discussing all the possible benefits Vitamin D may or not have, on a page about UV light. It could be limited to discussing the role UV exposure has in vitamin D metabolism and then simply linking to the Vitamin D page rather than launching into this discussion.

I'm also a tad dubious that there may be a conflict of interest. The citation for the psychological benefits of UV links to a journal article consisting of 3 PhD authors quoting 'the sunbed association of America'. It also suggests that there is a 'lack of evidence that the carcinogenic effect of UV is associated with mortality.' WHAT?! It's irresponsible and dangerous to even hint at such a thing.

It is giving thinly veiled medical advice (basically suggesting you should go out in the sun) and otherwise reads like a (bad) tabloid: "serotonin has plethora of health benefits". And the author draws and/or implies their own conclusions (or encourages the reader to draw their own conclusions) with irrelevent statements such as "people who die in summer have higher levels of serotonin".

OH and, similar to a tabloid (again), it says the sun increases melanin production - and that melanin protects you from 'DNA damage'. It of course fails to mention that your body does this in response to the DNA damage the UV light is causing in the first place.

Anyhow sorry to rant, but can we please just delete the majority of this section down to: "Pros: manafacture of vitamin D (short sentence on importance of vitamin D/internal link to vitamin D page. Cons: A form of ionising radiation - causes sunburn and is a mutagen/carcinogen, linked to skin cancer" The end.

Talking about sunlight exposure isn't necessary as there is already (shockingly) a page on "health effects of sunlight". It's almost as thought someone has chosen this page to spout their views (as opposed to either the health effects of sunlight, OR the vitamin D pages) because they knew this page primarily draws physicists and physics minded editors, who will pay minimal attention to the biology relateds section. If they wrote this crud on a medical/biological based article it'd be torn to shreds immediately. Adam657 (talk) 08:48, 21 January 2018 (UTC)

Speaking of Extreme Ultraviolet...
Speaking of Extreme Ultraviolet... This article made absolutely no mention of the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer satellite (EUVE), so I at least provided a wikilink to this in the article. It is also true that the Hubble Space Telescope includes instruments that are sensitive in the near ultraviolet, as have other space satellites.47.215.180.7 (talk) 05:03, 25 January 2018 (UTC)

Ultraviolet A and ozone
The table under the "Subtypes" section states that Ultraviolet A is "not absorbed by the ozone layer". I've seen several articles around the internet saying similar things, but I've also come across articles (like this one) saying that about half of Ultraviolet A is absorbed by ozone. I realize that ozone absorbs significantly larger amounts of UV-B and UV-C, but still, 50% is a lot more than nothing.

I suppose that the table could still be accurate if Ultraviolet A is only absorbed by tropospheric ozone, but I have no idea whether or not that's the case. And I really don't know anything about this topic - so could someone more familiar with the matter clarify? Thanks! --Jpcase (talk) 16:30, 6 June 2018 (UTC)

Vycor
The article mentions fused quartz in a few places, and it is needed for some far UV lamps, but I believe Vycor for not so far UV, and is much easier (and cheaper) to work with. Gah4 (talk) 20:51, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

germicidal UVC
UVC used for germicidal use might be safer than UVA and UVB, but that doesn't mean that it is safe. When used in medical areas, it is, as noted, above head level. It is mostly the eyes that are affected, but there is still some skin effect, especially at high dose. Even though a reference is not needed for claims in edit summaries, here is a good reference. Gah4 (talk) 00:11, 12 May 2020 (UTC)