Tando Muhammad Khan District

Tando Muhammad Khan District (ٽنڊو محمد خان ضلعو,, टंडो मुहम्मद ख़ान ज़िला) is a district located in the Sindh province of Pakistan.

Tando Muhammad Khan District spans an area of approximately 1,423 square kilometres. It shares its northern boundary with Hyderabad District and its north-eastern boundary with Tando Allahyar District. To the south and east-south, it is bordered by Badin District, while Thatta District lies to the west, north-west, and south-west. The district's landscape is predominantly flat, with a mix of agricultural land and small urban centres.

History
The district is named after the city of Tando Muhammad Khan, founded by Mir Muhammad Khan Shahwani Talpur. It is located at a distance of 35 km from Hyderabad on the Badin-Hyderabad National Highway.

Tando Muhammad Khan district was formed by dividing the Hyderabad district along with Matiari and Tando Allahyar districts in 2005.

Administration
The district is administratively divided into three tehsils:
 * Bulri Shah Karim
 * Tando Ghulam Hyder
 * Tando Muhammad Khan

Each tehsil is further subdivided into union councils, which manage local governance and community needs.

Demography
District Tando Muhammad Khan exhibits a diverse and vibrant demographic profile. According to the latest census data, the district is home to approximately 726,119 residents. The population is predominantly rural, with agriculture serving as the mainstay of local livelihoods. The district is characterised by a youthful demographic, with a significant proportion of the population under the age of 30. Sindhi is the primary language spoken, reflecting the cultural heritage of the region, though other languages, including Urdu and Punjabi, are also prevalent. The area is known for its rich cultural traditions and social cohesion, underpinned by a mix of ethnic groups and communities. The district's demographic trends are influenced by factors such as migration, economic opportunities, and social development initiatives.

Key demographic statistics
 * Area (square kilometres): 1,423
 * Households: 143,956
 * Population 2023: 726,119
 * Average household size: 5.04
 * Population 2017: 677,098 [rural: 535,061 (79%), urban: 142,037 (21%), male: 349,122 (52%), female: 327,888 (48%), transgender: 88 (0%), sex ratio: 106.48]
 * Growth rate: 1.18
 * Population density per square kilometre: 475.82

Literacy As per the 2017 census, the literacy rate in the district Tando Muhammad Khan for individuals aged 10 years and above is 21.39%, with a total literate population of 144,861. The literacy rate exhibits a significant disparity between rural and urban areas. In rural regions, the literacy rate is 17.35%, encompassing 92,853 literate individuals, whereas urban areas have a higher literacy rate of 36.62%, accounting for 52,008 literate individuals.

The literacy rate also varies notably by gender. Among males, the literacy rate is 27.61%, with 96,390 literate men. In contrast, the literacy rate for females is considerably lower at 14.78%, with 48,455 literate women. The transgender community, though a small demographic, has a literacy rate of 18.18%, with 16 literate individuals.

Education levels among the literate population vary.

Key literacy statistics:
 * Overall literate population: 144,861 (21.39%)
 * Overall literate population - rural: 92,853 (17.35%)
 * Overall literate population - urban: 52,008 (36.62%)
 * Male: 96,390 (27.61%)
 * Female: 48,455 (14.78%)
 * Transgender: 16 (18.18%)
 * Below primary: 28,991
 * Primary: 54,133
 * Middle: 18,045
 * Matric: 19,359
 * Intermediate: 12,928
 * Graduate: 8,123
 * Masters & above: 2,487
 * Diploma/certificate: 215
 * Other: 580

Languages The predominant language spoken in the district Tando Muhammad Khan is Sindhi. According to the 2017 census, other languages spoken include Urdu, Punjabi, Hindko, Saraiki, Pashto, Brahui, Balochi and Kashmiri.

Religion The district Tando Muhammad Khan is characterised by a diverse religious composition.

Key statistics (2017):
 * Muslim: 524,945
 * Hindu: 148,234
 * Scheduled castes: 2,419
 * Christian: 1,372
 * Other: 73
 * Qadiani/Ahmadi: 55

Health
National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) opened its satellite centre in Tando Mohammad Khan, it became the 4th city to have such facility in Sindh province. Facility would provide cardiac treatment services to people of Thatta, Badin, Tharparkar and adjoining areas, as well. People of this area could not even travel to Karachi for treatment of cardiac ailments but now they could avail state of the art cardiac treatment closer to their abodes. In Sindh, around 30,000 to 40,000 children are born with congenital heart disease or with defective hearts at the time of birth, but only a few hundred of them are diagnosed and get treated while thousands remain undiagnosed due to non-availability of heart health facilities in their area. In particular, from Tando Muhammad Khan to Thatta, Badin, Tharparkar and adjoining areas, thousands of children are born with congenital heart disease but they remain undiagnosed throughout their life and eventually die without treatment.

Climate
The climate of the area is moderate. However. April, May and June are very hot during the day time. December and January are the coldest months with maximum and minimum temperatures of 30 °C and 10 °C respectively. Rainfall is highly erratic with an average of about 130 mm. The monsoon dominates from July to September.

Agriculture
70% of the district population is engaged in agriculture. Main crops grown in the district are: sugarcane, rice, wheat and cotton. Phuleli, Pinyari and Akram canal are the main source of water-reservoir for irrigation in this district. There are many rice mills operating in Tando Mohammad khan district.

According to the 2017 census of Pakistan, the population of Tando Muhammad Khan District of Sindh was 677228: 350010 male, 327202 female, and 16 transgender. Average annual growth rate was 2.31% from 1998 to 2017.

Education
District Tando Muhammad Khan is ranked at the 115th position in the education score index of the Pakistan District Education Rankings 2017 published by Alif Ailaan. The education score comprises the learning score, retention score and gender parity score. Retention is one of the biggest concerns in this district, with the relevant score being only 31.14 out of a potential 100.

In the middle school infrastructure score index, which focuses on availability of basic facilities and the building condition of schools, Tando Muhammad Khan ranks 86th. The lack of electricity and drinking water in schools remain a concern in the district, along with unsatisfactory building conditions.

On the [https://elections.alifailaan.pk/taleemdo-app/ TaleemDo! App], residents of several areas within Tando Muhammad Khan have complained about the quality of the syllabus and outdated textbooks. In government schools, where textbooks are supposed to be provided to every child free of cost, parents have complained of being charged for these items. The debate over the medium of instruction is as relevant in Tando Muhammad Khan as other districts of Sindh, where many demand for basic education to be provided in Sindhi, rather than in Urdu or English.

List of Union Councils
Tando Muhammad Khan District has the following 17 Union Councils:

List of Dehs
The following is a list of Tando Muhammad Khan District's dehs, organised by taluka:


 * Tando Ghulam Hyder Taluka (54 dehs)
 * Adhanki
 * Ahmedani
 * Ajaib Pur
 * Arazi
 * Bariji
 * Bhanki
 * Chachri
 * Chak
 * Chandia
 * Charo
 * Choubandi
 * Dando
 * Dauki
 * Debgeri
 * Doderi
 * Fateh Bagh
 * Gulshan
 * Habach
 * Jagsiyani
 * Jahbgeri
 * Jarki
 * Jiayath
 * Jio
 * Jonathi
 * Joon
 * Jumoon Jakhro
 * Karo Mehro
 * Kath Bhambhen
 * Khaso
 * Kodario
 * Kor Rahimoon
 * Lakara
 * Lakhi
 * Lashari
 * Machari
 * Mahi Laghari
 * Malana
 * Malook Pur
 * Moya
 * Nazar Pur
 * Noohani
 * Palandi
 * Parori
 * Peroz Pur
 * Ringyoon
 * Saherki
 * Samradi
 * Seri
 * Sethari
 * Tando Ghulam Hyder
 * Tali
 * Thorki
 * Unerki
 * Vedho Chowro
 * Tando Muhammad Khan Taluka (29 dehs)
 * Abri
 * Baberki
 * Bozdar
 * Burira
 * Chano Katiar
 * Digh
 * Fatehpur
 * Kari
 * Khanto
 * Kora
 * Lakhat
 * Larh
 * Nango Shah
 * Pad Ram Diyali
 * Patghahi
 * Pattar
 * Ram Diyali Wasan
 * Roshnai
 * Samabani
 * Shah Bukhari
 * Sheikh Bhirkhio
 * Siddiquepur
 * Singh
 * Soomerki
 * Sutiari
 * Tando Muhammad Khan
 * Thari
 * Vesarki
 * Veseria
 * Bulri Shah Karim Tehsil (76 dehs)
 * Abad
 * Abdumehndo
 * Alipur
 * Allo Katiar
 * Amerki
 * Aripota
 * Barchani
 * Beharan
 * Behranpur
 * Bhahera
 * Bhalal
 * Bhanbri
 * Bulri
 * Chaudaro
 * Chhari
 * Chorki Jagir
 * Dadoonki
 * Deghi
 * Dhandaboo
 * Dhandhi
 * Dhatt
 * Daharki
 * Din Pur
 * Dodi
 * Doulatpur
 * Ganghyari
 * Hajipur
 * Heran Jagir
 * Homki
 * Jado Laghari
 * Jalalani
 * Jamerki
 * Jati
 * Jhok
 * Kamaro
 * Kandar
 * Kass
 * Kathor
 * Katiar
 * Keenjhar
 * Khadho
 * Khalasi
 * Khalso
 * Kheersar
 * Khiyari
 * Khokhar
 * Khoski
 * Kolab Rayatee
 * Kumb
 * Ladhan
 * Loonlelo
 * Meeranpur
 * Nakurji
 * Narki
 * Pakhro
 * Pakhyarki
 * Pir Wah
 * Qaboolpur
 * Qaboolpur-II
 * Qanadani
 * Rain
 * Rayati Shor
 * Saidpur
 * Sahrani
 * Samejani
 * Samepotani
 * Sandki
 * Sathiar
 * Shorki
 * Sonehri
 * Soomerki
 * Soomra
 * Soorjani
 * Sun
 * Tikhar
 * Umaid Ali Jat