Tarn Taran district

Tarn Taran district is one of the districts in the Majha region of Punjab, India. The main cities are Tarn Taran Sahib, Bhikhiwind, Khadur Sahib and Patti. The City of Tarn Taran Sahib is a holy place for Sikhs. Tarn Taran's Sikh population makes it the most heavily concentrated district of Sikhs in India and the world.

Tarn Taran district was formed in 2006 out of Amritsar District. The declaration to this effect was made by Captain Amarinder Singh, Chief Minister of Punjab, during the celebrations marking the martyrdom day of Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. With this, it became the 19th district of Punjab. It has four tehsils, which are Bhikhiwind, Patti, Khadur Sahib and Tarn Taran Sahib. The District Headquarters is headed by the Deputy Commissioner, along with a Senior Superintendent of Police, Civil Surgeon, district Education Officer, Improvement Trust and a Municipal Council. The district judiciary is headed by the District and Session Judge, aided by several Additional District and Sessions Judges, the Chief Judicial Magistrate, and other officials.

Location
Tarn Taran is located in the state of Punjab, in far northern India. It is surrounded by district of Amritsar in the north, district Kapurthala in the east, district Ferozepur in the south and Pakistan in the west.

Coordinates
Taran taran district lies between 31 0 05’, and 31 0 30’ 05 north latitude 74 0 30’ and 75 0 15’ 05“ east longitudes. The area falls in Survey Of India topo sheet Nos 44-I & 44-M.

History
The foundation of Tarn Taran city was laid by fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev in 1596. The area of Tarn Taran Sahib was under the control of the Bhangi Misl ruled by a powerful Sikh family of Dhillon clan from 1716 to 1810.

During the 1965 India–Pakistan war, the town of Khem Karan was captured by the Pakistan army during early September 1965. The Pakistani forces were later defeated during the battle of Asal Uttar, that was fought from 8 to 10 September. At that time, it was the largest tank battle since the second world war. Khem Karan remained under Pakistani occupation for about six months till the signing of Tashkent agreement between India and Pakistan on 10 January 1966.

During the war, the people of the area had to leave their houses and go far away. Many houses, crops and railway tracks were destroyed. In the areas occupied by Pakistan, many houses were looted by Pakistani troops and civilians. Even the doors and windows were also removed.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Tarn Taran district has a population of 1,119,627, roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus or the US state of Rhode Island. This gives it a ranking of 413th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 464 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.28%. Tarn Taran has a sex ratio of 898 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 69.4%. Scheduled Castes made up 33.71% of the population.

Religion
The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Tarn Taran district.

Tarn Taran district has the highest % share of Sikhs among all the districts of Punjab followed by Moga district (as of 2011 census).

Health
As of 2018, the number of registered doctors in Taran Taran district were 84 and registered nurses were 3,378. That means that the average population served per doctor in the district was 15,210 in that year, which was the highest in the state.

The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Taran Taran, as of year 2020.

The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Taran Taran of women between the ages of 15 to 49 years, as of year 2020.

The table below shows the current use of family planning methods by currently married women between the age of 15 and 49 years, in Taran Taran district.

Economy
As of 2014-15, there were 452 registered Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) units in the Taran Taran district, which provided employment to 2,717 people. There were 6 Medium and Large industrial units, which provided employment to 609 people.

Politics
Kashmir Singh Sohal from Aam Admi Party is the MLA from Tarn Taran Assembly Constituency. He was elected in 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.

Air
There is no commercial airport in the district. The nearest airport is Amritsar International Airport. Direct International flights are available to key cities around the world in the likes of London, Birmingham, Dubai, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Doha, Tashkent and Ashgabat. Domestic connections are available to almost every major city of India.

Rail
The rail network provides good connectivity across the district. Amritsar-Khemkaran and Beas-Tarn Taran railway lines pass through Tarn Taran district. Tarn Taran Junction railway station provides cross connectivity between these two lines. A new project of rail line from Patti to Makhu has been approved by railways since 2013 but not started till date due to delay by state government on land acquisition.

Road
The district is well connected through national highways to rest of Punjab state and nationally. Following national highways pass through the district.
 * National Highway 54
 * National Highway 354
 * National Highway 703B
 * National Highway 703AA (Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Marg).

Towns and villages
The villages and towns of Tarn Taran District include:


 * Bagrian, Tarn Taran
 * Banwalipur
 * Bhagwanpura
 * Bhikhiwind
 * Chela
 * Chhichhrewal
 * Daleke
 * Darazke
 * Dibbipura
 * Dilawalpur
 * Fatehabad
 * Goindwal Sahib
 * Khadur Sahib
 * Khalra
 * Khara
 * Khem Karan
 * Maniyala Jai Singh Wala
 * Manochahal Kalan
 * Mari Megha
 * Mari Kamboki
 * Mohanpura
 * Mughalwala
 * Munda Pind
 * Naushehra Pannuan
 * Nawan Pind Daleke
 * Pahuwind
 * Palasaur
 * Patti
 * Rahal Chahal
 * Rataul
 * Rure Asal
 * Saidpur
 * Sur Singh
 * Veeram
 * Warring Suba Singh

Notable people

 * Kirpal Singh Chugh, an Indian nephrologist and considered by many to have been the father of nephrology in India
 * Gurbaksh Chahal, an Indian-American internet entrepreneur and founder of several internet advertising companies
 * Krishan Kant - Former Vice President of India
 * Mian Muhammad Sharif - Pakistani businessman, father of Nawaz and Shehbaz Sharif, former prime ministers of Pakistan
 * Deepak Dhawan - State Committee member of CPI(M), President of Guru Nanak Dev University (AISF), and Prominent writer.
 * Lala Achint Ram- Noted freedom fighter, Member of the constituent assembly, Later parliamentarian
 * Jaswant Singh Khalra, Prominent Human Rights activist
 * Nizam Lohar, 19th century heroic rebel of the Punjab
 * Mohan Singh Tur, former Jathedar of Akal Takht, Amritsar and Member of Lok Sabha
 * Satyavati Devi (born 1905) - Noted Freedom fighter
 * Prem Dhillon, Punjabi singer and artist
 * Surender Mohan Pathak, a Hindi-language crime fiction writer
 * Praveen Kumar Sobti, an athlete, actor and politician
 * Ritu Singh, a Dalit activist