Thaumatophyllum

Thaumatophyllum (formerly Meconostigma) is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae. Its species are native to northern (tropical) South America.

Taxonomy
The genus Thaumatophyllum was erected by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in 1859, with the sole species Thaumatophyllum spruceanum. In 1962, G.M. Barroso transferred T. spruceanum to Philodendron. (However, the transfer was not made correctly and Barroso's name Philodendron spruceanum is illegitimate.) While in Philodendron, T. spruceanum was placed, along with other species, in subgenus Meconostigma. A series of molecular phylogenetic studies, particularly from 2008 onwards, suggested that, when broadly circumscribed, Philodendron was not monophyletic. In 2018, it was proposed that subgenus Meconostigma should be raised to the rank of genus, under the name Thaumatophyllum. The proposal has been accepted by Plants of the World Online, among other taxonomic databases.

The generic epithet Thaumatophyllum comes from Ancient Greek θαυμα (thaûma, "miracle") + φύλλον (phúllon, "leaf").

Phylogeny
Relationships among the former subgenera of Philodendron and related genera are not yet fully resolved. Several studies that have produced a resolved tree suggest that relationships may be of the form:

Species
, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:
 * Thaumatophyllum adamantinum (Mart. ex Schott) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum (Schott ex Endl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum brasiliense (Engl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum corcovadense (Kunth) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum dardanianum (Mayo) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum leal-costae (Mayo & G.M.Barroso) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum lundii (Warm.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum mello-barretoanum (Burle-Marx ex G.M.Barroso) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum paludicola (E.G.Gonç. & Salviani) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum petraeum (Chodat & Vischer) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum saxicola (K.Krause) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum solimoesense (A.C.Sm.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum speciosum (Schott ex Endl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum spruceanum Schott
 * Thaumatophyllum stenolobum (E.G.Gonç.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum tweedieanum (Schott) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum uliginosum (Mayo) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum undulatum (Engl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum venezuelense (G.S.Bunting) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum williamsii (Hook.f.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
 * Thaumatophyllum xanadu (Croat, J.Boos & Mayo) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo