The Grenadiers



The Grenadiers is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army, formerly part of the Bombay Army and later the pre-independence British Indian Army, when the regiment was known as the 4th Bombay Grenadiers. It has distinguished itself during the two world wars and also since the Independence of India. The regiment has won many battle honours and gallantry awards, and is considered to be one of India's most decorated regiments with three Param Vir Chakra awardees in three different conflicts.

Early history
The oldest grenadier regiment of the armies in the Commonwealth belongs to the Indian Army. The concept of 'Grenadiers' evolved from the practice of selecting the bravest and strongest men for the most dangerous tasks in combat. The Grenadiers have the longest unbroken record of existence in the Indian Army.

The history of the Indian Grenadiers is linked to the troops recruited for the army of the Bombay Presidency. The first mention of a grenadier company hails back to 1684, when a little army of English troops, which had taken possession of the island of Bombay and comprising three companies of Europeans and local Christians, had a grenadier company, but nothing was heard about this unit subsequently. In 1710, the Bombay Army consisted of five companies of "Europeans, topasses (Indian Christians), and coffrees (Kaffirs)" of which the first company was a European grenadier company. This company was merged into the Bombay European Regiment, which was later disbanded. In 1757, Robert Clive had raised the 1st Regiment of the Bengal Native Infantry of which two companies were grenadier companies, however, no regiments of grenadiers were formed from the Bengal Army until a battalion was formed in 1779.

In 1759, as a response to French maneuvering in South India, the strength of the Bombay Army was enhanced, and the first company of sepoy grenadiers was raised with the best of Bombay sepoys "paying a regard to those having families on the island". It had only native officers and all sepoys wore red coats faced with blue. Later on, an adjutant was appointed to the corps.

Later the Bombay Army comprised a number of sepoy battalions, each having one or two grenadier companies. These were clubbed together as a composite battalion comprising the grenadier companies of the Bombay sepoy battalions, and they won the famous battle of Talegaon in 1778. So impressive was the performance of this composite battalion that the Bombay Presidency ordered the permanent raising of a grenadier battalion which duly took place on 12 March 1779, thirty-six years before the first time that a British battalion was given the honour of calling itself "grenadiers". The Governor General of Bombay made an Order dated 12 November 1779, according to which the grenadier companies of the following regiments combined to form the first Grenadier Regiment in the world, namely "The Grenadier Battalion, First Regiment of Infantry":
 * 1st Sepoy Battalion
 * 2nd Sepoy Battalion
 * 3rd Sepoy Battalion
 * 4th Sepoy Battalion
 * 5th Sepoy Battalion
 * 6th Sepoy Battalion
 * Marine Battalion (two companies of grenadiers)

4th Bombay Grenadiers
The 4th Bombay Grenadiers were an infantry regiment of the pre-independence Indian Army, formed on 1 March 1922 as part of the reforms of the Indian Army that took place after the end of the First World War. Following this, the Regiment spent the next fifteen years serving in the British Somaliland protectorate in present-day Somaliland, as well as in China and on the North-West Frontier. The 3rd, 4th and 5th Battalions were all disbanded and the 10th Battalion amalgamated with the 10th Battalion, Jat Regiment to form a Combined Training Centre at Bareilly. Following the Second World War they were one of the regiments allocated to the new Indian Army and renamed The Grenadiers

The regiment consisted of six battalions, all former regiments themselves. These were:


 * 1st Battalion - Formerly the 101st Grenadiers.
 * 2nd Battalion - Formerly the 102nd King Edward's Own Grenadiers
 * 3rd Battalion - Formerly the 108th Infantry
 * 4th Battalion - Formerly the 109th Infantry
 * 5th Battalion - Formerly the 112th Infantry
 * 10th (Training) Battalion - Formerly the 113th Infantry

Second World War


At the beginning of the Second World War there were only two battalions of the Regiment, the 1st and 2nd. This was soon changed, though, as a number of battalions were raised for wartime service, including: 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 14th, 25th, 26th and 27th Battalions. The 10th (Training Battalion) was also de-linked from the Jat Regiment. Some of these battalions were to be garrison or rear area troops only, while others went on to serve with distinction in a number of theatres during the war including the Middle East and Burma, notably during the Arakan campaigns and at Kohima.

The 4th Grenadiers formed the motorised infantry element of the Indian Armoured and Tank brigades, distinguishing themselves as 'tank escort' infantry protecting tanks against sniper attack in jungle conditions:


 * 1/4th Battalion, 252nd Indian Armoured Brigade, 31st Indian Armoured Division
 * 2/4th Battalion, 50th Indian Tank Brigade
 * 3/4th Battalion, 254th Indian Tank Brigade
 * 4/4th Battalion, 255th Indian Tank Brigade

Partition
In October 1945, the Indian infantry regiments lost their numerical designation and the regiment was re-designated as the Indian Grenadiers, thus severing its last link with the erstwhile Bombay Army (Special Indian Army Order 132/S/45). Following the partition of India, the regiment was allotted to India. The active units at that time were the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 25th. The Muslim troops in the regiment were allotted to Pakistan. Dogras from 5 Baluch joined the 1st battalion, The Frontier Force Rifles to 2nd battalion, and from 1/16 Punjab to the 4th battalion.

Regimental battalions


The Grenadiers consists of 23 battalions, four Rashtriya Rifles battalions and two Territorial Army battalions -

§ indicates former units.

Affiliations
The Grenadiers has been affiliated with The Armoured Corps and with the Indian Navy.


 * 51 Armoured Regiment has been affiliated with The Grenadiers.
 * INS Beas (F37) has also been affiliated with The Grenadiers.

Class composition

 * 1923 - Rajputana Mussalmans, Rajputana Jats, Mahrattas, Mers and Merats
 * 1946 - Jats from the Punjab, United Provinces, Rajputana and Central India states, Hindustani Mussalmans from Ambala Civil Division, Rajputana, United Provinces, Central India states and the Deccan.
 * Present - Rajputs, Ahirs, Kaimkhanis, Hindustani Mussalmans, Dogras, Gujjar, Meena, Gujratis, Jats.

Battle Honours (Pre-Independence)
Prior to Indian independence, the Regiment had won many battle honours as part of the British Indian Army. These battle honour include:

Pre-World War I

 * Mangalore – 1784
 * Mysore – 1786
 * Srirangapatnam – 1799
 * Egypt – 1802
 * Koregaon – 1818
 * Beni Boo Alli – 1821
 * Kirkee – 1827
 * Hyderabad – 1831–43
 * Multan
 * Meeane – 1843
 * Punjab – 1848
 * Central India – 1858
 * Abyssinia – 1868
 * Kandahar 1880
 * Afghanistan 1878–80
 * Burma 1885–87
 * Somaliland (Dharatol) – 1901–04
 * Afghanistan 1919

World War I

 * East Africa 1914–16
 * Egypt – 1916–17
 * Baghdad – 1917
 * Kut-Al-Amara – 1917
 * Gaza – 1917
 * Battle of Sharqat – 1918
 * Megiddo
 * Nablus – 1918
 * Palestine 1917–18
 * Mesopotamia – 1915–18
 * Aden – 1914–19
 * Afghanistan 1919
 * Tigris – 1919

World War II

 * Kohima – 1944
 * Kalewa – 1944
 * Naga Village – 1944
 * Fort Dufferin, Mandalay – 1945
 * Pwabwe – 1945
 * Capture of Meiktila – 1945
 * Defense of Meiktila – 1945
 * Pegu – 1945
 * Taungtha – 1945

Battle Honours (Post-Independence)
Since 1947, the Regiment has won the following battle honours as part of the Indian Army:


 * Gurais – 1948
 * Asal Uttar – 1965
 * Jarpal – 1971
 * Chakra – 1971
 * Tololing & Tiger Hill (Kargil War) – 1999

Decorations
The Grenadiers have the unique and distinct honour of having the most number of Param Vir Chakras, India's highest medal for gallantry, among all the Indian Army's Infantry Regiments. Of note also, is the fact that prior to independence, British officers serving with The Grenadiers won four Victoria Crosses. Members of the Regiment have also received a number of other decorations prior to independence.

Pre independence
Victoria Cross
 * Captain George Murray Rolland, 22 April 1903, Daratoleh, Somaliland


 * 1914-1921

Military Cross
 * Jemadar Pola Khan, 101st Grenadiers, Egypt
 * Subedar Jiwan Khan, 101st Grenadiers, Egypt and Aden (twice)
 * Subedar Kasianth Mane, 101st Grenadiers, Egypt

Order of British India
 * Subedar Major Martand Rao Mohite, 101st Grenadiers, Egypt
 * Subedar Agdi Singh, 102nd Grenadiers, Mesopotamia

Indian Order of Merit
 * Sepoy Fazil Khan, 101st Grenadiers, East Africa
 * Sepoy Sowaz Khan, 101st Grenadiers, East Africa
 * Subedar Rahim Khan, 101st Grenadiers, Egypt
 * Subedar Ahmed Din, 101st Grenadiers, Egypt
 * Colour Havildar Shah Muhammad, 101st Grenadiers, Egypt
 * Subedar Jafar Ali, 102nd Grenadiers, Muscat
 * Sepoy Nand Ram, 102nd Grenadiers, Muscat
 * Subedar Ganga Ram Singh, 102nd Grenadiers, Mesopotamia
 * Subedar Muhammad Ali, 102nd Grenadiers, Mesopotamia
 * Jemadar Ganga Ram, 102nd Grenadiers, Mesopotamia
 * Havildar Jaffar Ali, 102nd Grenadiers, Waziristan
 * Naik Shivlal Dalal (1933)

Indian Distinguished Service Medal Indian Meritorious Service Medal
 * Lance Naik Abdul Sattar Khan, Temporary Lance Naik Muhammad Khan, 101st Grenadiers, Egypt
 * Havildar Karan Singh, Havildar Ganga Ram, Private Sultan Ahmad, Havildar Tula Ram, Havildar Tula Ram, Havildar Mansare Ali, Private Sheo Ram, Havildar Sanwal Ram, Private Shedu Ram, Private Sirdara Ram, Private Surja Ram, Jemadar Khan Muhammad, Sepoy Ahmad Khan, Sepoy Girdhari Ram, Sepoy Tulsi Ram, Private Feroz Khan, Havildar Ram Diyal Singh, Naik Niyamat Khan (all in Mesopotamia), Private Karam Dad Khan (Muscat), Lance Naik Hoti Singh (Baluchistan), Subedar Mansar Ali (Pishin Moveable Column) 102nd Grenadiers
 * 84 medals - 101st Grenadiers, Egypt, Aden, Somaliland, India
 * 12 medals - 102nd Grenadiers, Mesopotamia, India, Baluchistan

Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE)
 * World War II
 * Subedar Major Shamshad Khan, 4th Bombay Grenadiers

Mentioned in dispatches
 * Major T H Waumsley, 4th Bombay Grenadiers
 * Major E R S Dods, 4th Bombay Grenadiers

Post independence
Param Vir Chakra
 * Company Quarter Master Havildar Abdul Hamid, 4th Grenadiers, 1965.
 * Major Hoshiar Singh, 3rd Grenadiers, 1971.
 * Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav, 18th Grenadiers, 1999.

Ashok Chakra
 * Second Lieutenant Rakesh Singh, 22nd Grenadiers, 1993
 * Major Rajiv Kumar Joon, 22nd Grenadiers, 1995

Maha Vir Chakra
 * 2nd Lieutenant Gopala Krishna Venkatesa Prasanna Rao, (Posthumous), 4th Grenadiers, Sino-Indian War, 1962
 * Brigadier Rai Singh Yadav, 2nd Grenadiers, Nathu La and Cho La clashes 1967.
 * Lieutenant General Ved Prakash Airy, 3rd Grenadiers, Indo-Pak War of 1971 (Battle of Basantar).
 * Major Dharam Vir Singh, 8th Grenadiers, Indo-Pak War of 1971.
 * Major General Antony Harold Edward Michigan, Indo-Pak War of 1971.
 * Major Rajesh Singh Adhikari, (Posthumous), 18th Grenadiers, Kargil War (Operation Vijay) 1999.
 * Colonel Balwan Singh, 18th Grenadiers, Kargil War (Operation Vijay) 1999.

Kirti Chakra
 * Grenadier Daryao Singh, 1948
 * Grenadier Gopal Singh (Posthumous), 1981
 * Grenadier Bajrang Singh (Posthumous), 1981
 * Naik Prakash Chand, 1990
 * Lieutenant Ravinder Chikara (Posthumous), 2001
 * Grenadier Anil Kumar (Posthumous), 2003
 * Colonel Gurbir Singh Sarna (Posthumous), 2006
 * Major Rajinder Kumar Sharma, 2008
 * Grenadier Pawan Kumar (Posthumous), 2024

Notable General Officers

 * Vice Chief of the Army Staff - Lieutenant General Stanley Leslie Menezes, PVSM, SC
 * Army Commanders (GOC-in-C) - Lieutenant General Y. N. Sharma (Central Command)
 * Corps Commanders (GOC) - Lieutenant Generals Y.S. Tomar, Sanjay Mitra (I Corps); Rajeev Sirohi (III Corps); Stanley Leslie Menezes, Shakti Gurung, Gurpal Singh Sangha (all IV Corps); Y.N. Sharma (XII Corps); Sarabjit Singh Dhillon (XV Corps); Lalit Kumar Pandey (XVII Corps).