The War That Came Early

The War That Came Early is a six-novel series by Harry Turtledove depicting an alternate history of World War II. As is typical of Turtledove's alternate histories, the narrative follows a large cast of both fictional and historical characters.

Points of divergence
The series's initial point of divergence occurs when Spanish Nationalist leader José Sanjurjo avoids the plane crash that took his life in reality. While Sanjurjo's rule starts on a similar path to that of Francisco Franco, he later aligns Spain with the Axis powers and occupies Gibraltar (which Franco carefully avoided doing in actual history).

A second divergence occurs when British and French appeasement at the Munich Conference leads Adolf Hitler to decide that he should attack while his opponents are unprepared; he gets his casus belli when Konrad Henlein is assassinated by a fictional Czech nationalist. As a result, World War II starts in 1938 with a German invasion of Czechoslovakia rather than Poland, still drawing in Britain and France through treaty obligations, with both sides far less prepared for war than they were in 1939.

Hitler's War
The first book in the series covers autumn 1938 to spring 1939.

After an initial tenacious resistance to the German army, subsequent Polish and Hungarian invasions combined with a Slovak rebellion lead to Czechoslovakia's collapse. In the Spanish Civil War, Sanjurjo's decision to seize Gibraltar from Britain ties the Nationalist Spaniards to the Axis side. France starts offering some aid to the hard-pressed Spanish Republicans who were on the verge of collapse, in addition to the meager aid they got from the Soviet Union - which is enough to keep them going, but not to gain victory. The Spanish war settles into a stalemate as both sides' foreign allies turn their attention to the larger war.

When the anticommunist Polish government also decides to side with Germany, war erupts with the USSR. Both the Germans and Soviets find themselves in two-front wars as the Soviets attack west and the Japanese invade Siberia. In response, Germany launches its own westward offensive to knock France out of the war. The German forces are not as overwhelming as they would have been with another year of preparation, and some are also tied down in the Eastern Front. Moreover, in this history the Skoda factory was destroyed during the fierce Czech resistance, rather than falling intact into German hands and starting to produce high-quality tanks for them. The final result is that the German Blitzkrieg is not as devastating as it would have been in 1940, the British and French armies are able to hold the line outside Paris, and there is no Fall of France - which makes for a strategically different war from the WWII we know.

Discontent grows within the German army as the Western Front is threatened and has achieved little strategically, while dissatisfaction with Hitler's rash decision in starting the war leads to a purge of the officer corps. At home, although no Kristallnacht occurs, discrimination and persecution against German Jews continues to grow.

West and East
The second book focuses on the stalemates that have developed all across Europe. In the Russian Far East, the Japanese are able to sever the Trans-Siberian Railway, but cold weather, mosquitoes, and bloody assaults cause high casualties on both sides. Tension mounts between American forces stationed in China and the Japanese Army. Germany is able to gain ground in Scandinavia and introduces the new Panzer III tank, but both the British and French and the Soviets are able to mount major offensives that push toward the German border.

The Big Switch
The third book's title refers to Britain and France joining Germany's side against the Soviet Union. After Winston Churchill dies in a car accident (widely suspected to have been a deliberate assassination), Rudolf Hess is able to convince the two allies to send their armies into the Soviet Union. The German Army withdraws from France; the Czechoslovak exiles, betrayed by the Allies, retreat to Republican Spain, while the United States abandons its Lend Lease support for Britain and France. Soviet forces retreat into their own territory as the winter starts. Jews in the conquered lands are harshly oppressed, although those in Poland are exempt as their country is an ally of Germany. Japan finally takes Vladivostok and makes peace with the USSR. The United States enacts an embargo against Japan; in response, Japan attacks British, French, Dutch, and American targets across the Pacific on January 12, 1941.

Coup d'État
The fourth book covers a coup in Britain that turns the country away from their alliance with the Nazis, followed by the French (who did not need to change their government to do that). The Japanese gain ground throughout the Pacific and southeast Asia and bloody the American Pacific Fleet through air attacks, forcing them to retreat to Pearl Harbor; the Americans learn the hard way that the age of big surface warships is over and that with the advent of air power the only warships which count are the Aircraft Carriers - in which the US Navy is woefully deficiant.

Two Fronts
The fifth book spans from 1942 to early 1943. Having once again switched sides, the British and French have reopened the Western Front and are also fighting the Germans and Italians in North Africa. Because of the shift in German resources, the Red Army is finally able to break through and liberate Belarus and Ukraine near the end of the book. In the Pacific theater, Japan attempts a biological attack on Hawaii. President Roosevelt cuts government funding for the Manhattan Project.

Last Orders
The last book takes place from late 1943 to 1944. After a coup in Germany takes Hitler's life, a new non-Nazi military dictatorship led by General Heinz Guderian negotiates an end to the European war; the Allies allow Germany to retain Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union the Baltic states. With the Soviets remaining on the eastern margins of Europe and no American forces present in Europe at all, Germany remains the dominant military power of Europe, and unlike the interwar period, no limitations are placed on its armaments. Since the US abandoned its own nuclear program, Einstein is worried that Germany – though no longer Nazi but still nationalist and militaristic – might be the first to gain nuclear arms. Britain is also under military rule, while Spain is united under the Republicans. The war against Japan is not over, however, and Stalin moves troops to the Far East while concluding an alliance with the United States.