Treaty of Belgrade

The Treaty of Belgrade, also known as the Belgrade Peace, was the peace treaty signed on September 18, 1739 in Belgrade, Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (today Serbia), by the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Habsburg monarchy on the other, that ended the Austro–Turkish War (1737–39). It also recognized Circassia, particularly its eastern half Kabardia, as an independent nation for the first time by the European countries.

Treaty
This treaty ended the hostilities of the five-year Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39), in which the Habsburgs joined Imperial Russia in its fight against the Ottomans. Austria was defeated by the Turks at Grocka and signed a separate treaty in Belgrade with the Ottoman Empire on August 21, probably being alarmed at the prospect of Russian military success. With the Treaty of Belgrade, the Habsburgs ceded the Kingdom of Serbia with Belgrade, the southern part of the Banat of Temeswar and northern Bosnia to the Ottomans, and the Banat of Craiova (Oltenia), gained by the Treaty of Passarowitz in 1718, to Wallachia (an Ottoman subject), and set the demarcation line to the rivers Sava and Danube. The Habsburg withdrawal forced Russia to accept peace at the Russo-Turkish War, 1735-1739 with the Treaty of Niš, whereby it was allowed to build a port at Azov, gaining a foothold on the Black Sea.

The Treaty of Belgrade effectively ended the autonomy of Kingdom of Serbia which had existed since 1718. This territory would await the next Habsburg-Ottoman war to be temporarily again included into the Habsburg monarchy in 1788 with the help of Koča Anđelković.

The treaty is also notable for being one of the last international treaties to be written in Latin.

The treaty recognized Circassia, particularly its eastern half Kabardia, as an independent nation for the first time by the European countries.