Tren Interoceánico

The Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec (Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec, S.A. de C.V.), also known as Tren Interoceánico, Line Z (Línea Z), Ferrocarril Transístmico (Trans-Isthmic Railroad) or simply Ferroistmo, is part of the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, owned by the Mexican government, that crosses the Isthmus of Tehuantepec between Puerto Mexico, Veracruz, and Salina Cruz, Oaxaca. It is leased to Ferrocarril del Sureste FERROSUR.

The Mayab and Chiapas lines, now part of the FIT were formerly leased to Ferrocarriles Chiapas-Mayab until Genesee & Wyoming gave up its concession in 2007. Originally it was known as the Tehuantepec Railway and Gennesse and Wyoming had track rights over the FIT from Salina Cruz to medias Aguas and over Ferrosur from Medias Aguas to El Chapo, just south of Coatzacoalcos, under its concession.

History
The potential of the route from the Atlantic to the Pacific across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec has long been appreciated. As early as 1814 the Spanish government authorized a canal across the Isthmus. Soon after Mexico became independent in 1821, surveys were carried out which recommended constructing a plank trail for wagons through the Chivela Pass, with the northernmost part of the route using the Coatzacoalcos River which flows northward to the Gulf of Mexico on the Atlantic side of the isthmus. The river would be dredged to allow navigation. Nothing came of either of these plans.

More serious planning began in the early 1840s, when José de Garay, the First Officer of the Ministry of War obtained a concession on the route and carried out a more thorough survey. After many failed attempts to obtain funding, the concession was taken over by a New Orleans company, The Tehuantepec Railroad Company of New Orleans (TRCNO). Despite diplomatic problems over the status of the concession, a further survey of the route was carried out by Major John G. Barnard. This was published in 1852.

The years between 1852 and 1861 were turbulent both diplomatically and financially. The opening of the Panama Railroad in 1854 provided competition for the Tehuantepec route, but also gave warning that the TRNCO's cost estimates were wildly optimistic. The Panic of 1857 made raising capital for transportation projects more difficult. There were disputes over the concession with the Mexican Government. In spite of this, the company managed to construct a wagon trail (not a railroad) along the route, and offer a service for passengers and mail from New Orleans to San Francisco, starting in 1858. It was too little too late, however, and the company became insolvent in 1860. The outbreak of the American Civil War and the French intervention in Mexico the following year ended any immediate hope of reviving the project.

After the Civil War ended, there was once again interest in trans-isthmus routes, in particular for a canal. A commission was appointed by the US Government in 1872. A new survey of the Tehuantepec route had been carried out by Admiral R. W. Shufeldt in 1870, but in spite of his positive report the commission recommended a route through Nicaragua in 1876. No government action resulted, however, and actual canal construction was started in Panama in 1881 by a French company headed by Ferdinand de Lesseps.

A radically different solution was proposed by James B. Eads - a ship-railway. Rather than a canal, he proposed a 6-track railway across the isthmus, with ships of up to 6,000 tons carried in a specially designed cradle. Eads' ideas received considerable support in the USA, but he died in 1887, and this was effectively the end of the proposal.

Railroad construction actually continued during this period, and the line was completed in 1894. It had many problems, including inadequate port facilities at each end, and varying standards of construction along the route. It soon became clear that a complete overhaul was necessary, and Weetman D. Pearson was contracted by the Mexican Government to undertake the work. The line was stabilized, and where necessary structures were rebuilt. Port facilities were established at Coatzacoalcos and Salina Cruz. The newly refurbished line opened in 1907. The locomotives on the line were oil-burning steam locomotives. The Tehuantepec Railroad was one of the first to use this source of power.

The American-Hawaiian Steamship Company, which had been operating from San Francisco and Hawaii to New York through the Straits of Magellan contracted to provide connecting steamship lines to both ends of the railroad, allowing a 25 day service between San Francisco and New York. Sugar became a major part of the freight, amounting to 250,000 tons annually, and most of the sugar from Hawaii to Philadelphia and New York was carried on this route.

The railroad prospered for seven years, until the Panama Canal opened in 1914. Despite optimistic forecasts that there was plenty of business for both the railroad and the canal, business declined drastically after 1914, not helped by the Mexican Revolution and the onset of the First World War. The railroad continued to handle substantial passenger traffic well into the fifties, but ceased to be a significant carrier of freight.

Redevelopment


On 7 June 2020, President of Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced the beginning of the rehabilitation of the line. It will cost 3 billion pesos to begin the project, but in total, the project will cost 20 billion pesos.

The project for the rehabilitation of the line will result in the speed of freight trains increasing from 20 kph to 70 kph, more than three times the current speed. Furthermore, this project will also lead to the introduction of a passenger train, which will be able to reach speeds of up to 80 kph.

It will also enable links to existing freight lines, including the Coatzacoalcos–Palenque and Chiapas-Veracruz lines, as well as another railway line, the Ixtepec–Ciudad Hidalgo Line, that extends from the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (CIIT, by its initials in Spanish) to the city of Tapachula, in Chiapas.

The work includes the application of aluminum-thermal welding on rails, application of paint on bridges and structures, dismantling, weeding, and cleaning of ditches. This will be done through the work of crews of personnel for the railroad, and through the hiring of private companies.

The Medias Aguas-Salina Cruz section of the passenger railway performed its first tests in September 2023, including an official trip by the President and his staff, and the director of the CIIT, vice admiral Raymundo Morales Ángeles, stated that it will begin passenger operation in December, though cargo operations did officially begin in September. This opening includes 227 rehabilitated kilometers of roads (out of 308 total kilometers between Coatzacoalcos and Salina Cruz), 82 bridges and 290 drainage works. The modernization of this section, known as Line Z (Línea Z), includes complementary works such as nine passenger stations, seven slopes, two supply stations, seven workshops, four yards, a single control and dispatch center, and two depots.

On December 22, 2023, the passenger train service on Line Z from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz was inaugurated. Raymundo Morales Ángeles reported that the historic stations in Salina Cruz, Ixtepec, Mogoñé, and Medias Aguas, as well as the new stations in Chivela and Donají, were opened. However, in June 2024, the second stage of Line Z will open. Matías Romero railway station will reopen then, while 9 new stations will also open: Coatzacoalcos, Jáltipan, Jesús Carranza, Ubero, Sarabia, Lagunas, Nizanda, Comitancillo and Tehuantepec.

Rolling stock
In August 2023, the website Railtech.com reported a number of InterCity 125 high-speed train sets, originally built for British Rail, had been seen at the Port of Great Yarmouth being loaded on to a ship bound for Mexico. Unconfirmed reports suggested this second-hand rolling stock was bound for the Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec.

On September 4, 2023, the news website Diario del Istmo posted a story containing a powerpoint slide from the Sistema Portuario Nacional, confirming that a group of 3 Class 43 locomotives and 11 Mark 3 coaches had been exported to Mexico for use on Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec. In Great Britain, the Class 43 locomotives were numbered GWR 43022, 43158, and 43170; while the coaches were numbered LNER 41091, 41100, 42026, 42179, 42401, 42402, 42405, 44034, 44061, 44063, 44094.

In addition to these InterCity 125 trainsets, several other types of rolling stock will be used. The Ferrocarril Transístmico purchased three EMD SD70M locomotives from the Union Pacific Railroad, former UP 4378, 4671, and 4674. and 12 passenger cars (including 3 Amfleet cars and the Stampede Pass, a dome car built by the Budd Company in 1954) from the Railway Excursion Management Company (Railexco). The first of the SD70Ms, numbered 4378, were presented on August 13, 2023.

Meanwhile, in September 2023, an EMD F59PH locomotive was seen in Mobile, Alabama, reportedly on its way to the Tren Interoceánico. Later, an F59PH, now numbered FIT 3005 would, alongside an SD70M numbered FIT 4671, be used on the inaugural run of Line Z on 22 December that year. FIT 3005 was originally GO Transit 520, and during the late-2010s, this unit (then numbered LTEX 18520) was one of three ex-GO Transit F59PHs leased to Metrolink in the late-2010s. After Metrolink retired the ex-GO units in 2022, 18520 became one of two FIT F59PHs, with the other being the former LTEX 18522 (ex-GOT 522).

Furthermore, 5 Budd SPV-2000 cars were purchased from Railexco for use on the Tren Interoceánico. According to Railexco's official Facebook account, these cars were once owned by Amtrak, and later, by the Connecticut Department of Transportation.

In addition to these, on August 26, 2023, the two Stadler Citylink sets from the former Puebla-Cholula Tourist Train were brought to Coatzacoalcos railway station for use on the Ferrocarril Transístmico.

Other engines on the FIT roster that were acquired over the railroad's existence include several members of the following classes: GE U23B, GE B23-7, GE B30-7, GE Dash 8-39B, GE Dash 8-40B, EMD GP40–2LW, EMD GP38-2, EMD GP20, EMD GP10, EMD SD60.