Triplophysa

Triplophysa is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found mainly in and around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, as well as inland waters of the larger part of central Asia. They can be distinguished from other genera of Nemacheilidae by marked sexual dimorphism, including the development of nuptial tubercles on breeding males. Currently, the genus is a mixed assemblage of species. Some lineages have been identified and treated as subgenera (Hedinichthys, Indotriplophysa, Labiatophysa, Qinghaichthys and Tarimichthys), but as Wikipedia follows Fishbase for fish species all but Hedinichthys have been treated as subgenera in Wikipedia, although Kottelat in his revision of the loaches did recognise them as valid. FishBase, however, includes these in Triplophysa without specifying subgenera and treats the names given by Kottelat as synonyms.

Ecology
Triplophysa zhaoi holds the record for the lowest altitude for Asian fish: it is found at 50 m below sea level in swamps of the Lükqün oasis, in the Turpan Depression in Xinjiang. In the other end, Triplophysa stolickai holds the record altitude for Asian fish: it is found at 5200 m above sea level in hot springs near the Longmu Lake in western Tibet. Triplophysa dalaica has been used as model species to study adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia and 13 positively selected genes involved in hypoxia response have been identified. Some species are blind cave-dwellers.

Species
There are currently 148 recognized species in this genus:
 * Subgenus Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933
 * Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev, 2001
 * Triplophysa aliensis (Y. F. Wu & S. Q. Zhu, 1979)
 * Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev, 2003
 * Triplophysa aluensis W. X. Li & Z. G. Zhu, 2000
 * Triplophysa angeli (P. W. Fang, 1941)
 * Triplophysa anshuiensis T. J. Wu, M. U. Wei, J. H. Lan & L. N. Du, 2018
 * Triplophysa anterodorsalis S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1989
 * Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev, 2001
 * Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev, 2006
 * Triplophysa bashanensis T. Q. Xu & K. F. Wang, 2009
 * Triplophysa bellibarus (T. L. Tchang, T. H. Yueh & H. C. Hwang, 1963)
 * Triplophysa bleekeri (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874)
 * Triplophysa brachyptera (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa brahui (Zugmayer, 1912)
 * Triplophysa brevibarba R. H. Ding, 1993
 * Triplophysa brevicauda (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa cakaensis W. X. Cao & S. Q. Zhu, 1988
 * Triplophysa chandagaitensis Prokofiev, 2002
 * Triplophysa chondrostoma (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa coniptera (Turdakov, 1954)
 * Triplophysa crassilabris R. H. Ding, 1994
 * Triplophysa cuneicephala (T. H. Shaw & T. L. Tchang, 1931)
 * Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler, 1876)
 * Triplophysa daochengensis Y. Y. Wu, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2016
 * Triplophysa daqiaoensis R. H. Ding, 1993
 * Triplophysa daryoae Sheraliev, Kayumova & Peng, 2022 (Sokh stone loach)
 * Triplophysa dongganensis J. Yang, 2013
 * Triplophysa dorsalis (Kessler, 1872) (grey stoneloach)
 * Triplophysa dorsonotata (Kessler, 1879)
 * Triplophysa farwelli (Hora, 1935)
 * Triplophysa fengshanensis J. H. Lan, 2013
 * Triplophysa ferganaensis Sheraliev & Peng, 2021 (Fergana stone loach)
 * Triplophysa flavicorpus J. X. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. H. Lan, 2004
 * Triplophysa furva S. Q. Zhu, 1992
 * Triplophysa fuxianensis J. X. Yang & X. L. Chu, 1990
 * Triplophysa gejiuensis (X. L. Chu & Y. R. Chen, 1979)
 * Triplophysa gerzeensis W. X. Cao & S. Q. Zhu, 1988
 * Triplophysa gracilis (F. Day, 1877)
 * Triplophysa grahami (Regan, 1906)
 * Triplophysa griffithii (Günther, 1868)
 * Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev, 2002
 * Triplophysa hexiensis (T. Q. Zhao & X. T. Wang, 1988)
 * Triplophysa heyangensis S. Q. Zhu, 1992
 * Triplophysa hialmari Prokofiev, 2001
 * Triplophysa hsutschouensis (Rendahl), 1933)
 * Triplophysa huanglongensis Gao, 1992
 * Triplophysa huanjiangensis J. Yang, T. J. Wu & J. H. Lan, 2011
 * Triplophysa huapingensis L. P. Zheng, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2012
 * Triplophysa hutjertjuensis (Rendahl, 1933)
 * Triplophysa incipiens (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa intermedia (Kessler, 1876)
 * Triplophysa jianchuanensis L. P. Zheng, L. N. Du, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2010 (Jianchuan stone loach)
 * Triplophysa jiarongensis Y. Lin, C. Li & J. K. Song, 2012
 * Triplophysa kafirnigani (Turdakov, 1948)
 * Triplophysa kashmirensis (Hora, 1922)
 * Triplophysa kaznakowi Prokofiev, 2004
 * Triplophysa kullmanni Bănărescu, Nalbant & Ladiges, 1975
 * Triplophysa kungessana (Kessler, 1879)
 * Triplophysa labiata (Kessler, 1874) (Plain thick-lip loach)
 * Triplophysa lacusnigri (Berg, 1928)
 * Triplophysa lacustris J. X. Yang & X. L. Chu, 1990
 * Triplophysa langpingensis J. Yang, 2013
 * Triplophysa laterimaculata J. L. Li, N. F. Liu & J. X. Yang, 2007
 * Triplophysa laticeps W. Zhou & G. H. Cui, 1997
 * Triplophysa leptosoma (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa lihuensis T. J. Wu, J. Yang & J. H. Lan, 2012
 * Triplophysa lixianensis C. L. He, Z. B. Song & E. Zhang, 2008
 * Triplophysa longianguis Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1984
 * Triplophysa longibarbata (Y. R. Chen, J. X. Yang, Sket & Aljančič, 1998)
 * Triplophysa longipectoralis L. P. Zheng, L. N. Du, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009
 * Triplophysa longliensis Q. Ren, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2012
 * Triplophysa macrocephala J. Yang, T. J. Wu & J. X. Yang, 2012
 * Triplophysa macromaculata J. X. Yang, 1990
 * Triplophysa macrophthalma S. Q. Zhu & Q. Z. Guo, 1985
 * Triplophysa markehenensis (S. Q. Zhu & Y. F. Wu, 1981)
 * Triplophysa marmorata (Heckel, 1838) (Kashmir loach)
 * Triplophysa microphysa (P. W. Fang, 1935)
 * Triplophysa microps (Steindachner, 1866)
 * Triplophysa minuta (S. C. Li, 1966)
 * Triplophysa moquensis R. H. Ding, 1994
 * Triplophysa nandanensis J. H. Lan, J. X. Yang & Y. R. Chen, 1995
 * Triplophysa nanpanjiangensis (S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1988)
 * Triplophysa nasobarbatula D. Z. Wang & D. J. Li, 2001
 * Triplophysa ninglangensis Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1988
 * Triplophysa nujiangensa X. Y. Chen, G. H. Cui & J. X. Yang], 2004
 * Triplophysa obscura X. T. Wang, 1987
 * Triplophysa obtusirostra Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1988
 * Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa papillosolabiata (Kessler, 1879)
 * Triplophysa pappenheimi (P. W. Fang, 1935)
 * Triplophysa paradoxa (Turdakov, 1955) (Talas stone loach)
 * Triplophysa parvus Z. M. Chen, W. X. Li & J. X. Yang, 2009
 * Triplophysa polyfasciata R. H. Ding, 1996
 * Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera (S. Q. Zhu & Y. F. Wu, 1981)
 * Triplophysa pseudostenura C. L. He, E. Zhang & Z. B. Song, 2012
 * Triplophysa qilianensis W. J. Li, X. C. Chen & Y. P. Hu, 2015
 * Triplophysa qiubeiensis W. X. Li & H. F. Yang, 2008
 * Triplophysa robusta (Kessler, 1876)
 * Triplophysa rosa X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2005
 * Triplophysa scapanognatha Prokofiev, 2007
 * Triplophysa scleroptera (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa sellaefer (Nichols, 1925)
 * Triplophysa sewerzowi (G. V. Nikolskii, 1938) (Severtsov's loach)
 * Triplophysa shaanxiensis J. X. Chen, 1987
 * Triplophysa shilinensis Y. R. Chen & J. X. Yang, 1992
 * Triplophysa shiyangensis (T. Q. Zhao & X. T. Wang, 1983)
 * Triplophysa siluroides (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa stenura (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa stewarti (Hora, 1922)
 * Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner, 1866) (Tibetan stone loach)
 * Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler, 1874) (Spotted thick-lip loach)
 * Triplophysa tanggulaensis S. Q. Zhu, 1982)
 * Triplophysa tenuicauda (Steindachner, 1866)
 * Triplophysa tenuis (F. Day, 1877)
 * Triplophysa tianeensis X. Y. Chen, G. H. Cui & J. X. Yang, 2004
 * Triplophysa tianxingensis H. F. Yang, W. X. Li & Z. M. Chen, 2016
 * Triplophysa tibetana (Regan, 1905)
 * Triplophysa turpanensis Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1992
 * Triplophysa ulacholica (V. P. Anikin, 1905) (Issyk-kul naked loach)
 * Triplophysa uranoscopus (Kessler, 1872)
 * Triplophysa venusta S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1988
 * Triplophysa waisihani L. Cao & E. Zhang, 2008
 * Triplophysa wulongensis Chen, Sheraliev, Shu & Peng, 2021
 * Triplophysa wuweiensis (S. C. Li & S. Y. Chang, 1974)
 * Triplophysa xiangshuingensis W. X. Li, 2004
 * Triplophysa xiangxiensis (G. Y. Yang, F. X. Yuan & Y. M. Liao, 1986)
 * Triplophysa xichouensis Liu, Pan, Yang & Chen, 2017
 * Triplophysa xichangensis S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1989
 * Triplophysa xingshanensis (G. R. Yang & C. X. Xie, 1983)
 * Triplophysa xiqiensis R. H. Ding & Q. Lai, 1996
 * Triplophysa yajiangensis S. L. Yan, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2015
 * Triplophysa yaopeizhii T. Q. Xu, C. G. Zhang & B. Cai, 1995
 * Triplophysa yunnanensis J. X. Yang, 1990
 * Triplophysa zhaoi Prokofiev, 2006
 * Triplophysa zhenfengensis D. Z. Wang & D. J. Li, 2001
 * Subgenus Indotriplophysa Prokofiev, 2010
 * Triplophysa choprai (Hora, 1934) (snow loach)
 * Triplophysa crassicauda (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa eugeniae (Prokofiev, 2002)
 * Triplophysa ladacensis (Günther, 1868)
 * Triplophysa yasinensis (Alcock, 1898)
 * Subgenus Labiatophysa Prokofiev, 2010
 * Triplophysa herzensteini (Berg, 1909)
 * Triplophysa microphthalma (Kessler, 1879)
 * Triplophysa nasalis (Kessler, 1876)
 * Subgenus Qinghaichthys S. Q. Zhu, 1981
 * Triplophysa alticeps (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa rotundiventris (Y. F. Wu & Yuan Chen, 1979)
 * Triplophysas zaidamensis (Kessler, 1874)
 * Triplophysa zamegacephala (T. Q. Zhao, 1985)
 * Subgenus Tarimichthys Prokofiev, 2010
 * Triplophysa bombifrons (Herzenstein, 1888)
 * Triplophysa edsinica Prokofiev, 2003