Trolleybuses in Debrecen

Trolleybuses in Debrecen are one of the three systems making up the public transport network serving Debrecen, Hungary. The last one of its kind opened in the country, Debrecen's trolleybus network serves the city since 1985.

History
In the late 1960s, Hungary's transportation politics conception (közlekedéspolitikai koncepció) shifted from rail to rubber wheel transport, both on nationwide and urban levels. Plans were made in the early 1970s to create trolleybus lines in rural cities of Hungary, with the plans originally consisting of Szeged, Debrecen and Pécs as candidants, later switching from Pécs to Miskolc due to insufficient electric network available. Only the former two cities were able to build their trolleybus infrastructure and buy cars from the Soviet Union before the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, with Debrecen opening its first line, number 2 (numbered with the existing tram line number 1 in mind) on July 2, 1985. The sole line started from Segner square, crossed the tram line at the Great Railway Station (Nagyállomás), and traveled on the northeastern main road of the city reaching the site of the Hungarian Roll Bearing Industries (Magyar Gördülőcsapágy Művek, MGM).

After a year in service in 1986, the network expanded two stops from the MGM to the main gate of the Public Cemetery (Köztemető), and a year later with line number 3, that shared the exact same end stations as its original counterpart, but instead of the outer ring of the city, the line crossed through the inner city to reach its destination.

In the 1990s, the new city leadership planned to create an east–west corridor connecting two of the largest housing estates in the city, Tócóskert and Dobozi housing estates (Dobozi lakótelep). The latter on the eastern outskirts of the city was connected to line 3's existing infrastructure, and in 1995, the new line 4A started to operate, with the A sign indicating that it's not the full planned length of the line. Although pole-laying operations started at Tócóskert as well, the quickly draining financial situation of the city made the construction works impossible to finish. In 2000, the line 4A was suspended in favor of bus operator Hajdú Volán's new methane fueled green buses, and traffic on it was restored in 2010 only (as line number 4), a year after Hajdú Volán lost its position as Debrecen's local bus operator.

In 2005, the city of Debrecen bought new Ganz-Solaris Trollino 12 trolleybuses, with 5 of them (later expanded to 16) being capable of moving without cables as diesel powering was fitted in them. This meant that DKV could create lines that reach outside the infrastructural boundaries. Line 3E was created as Hungary's first trolleybus line with cableless sections, that reached out to the university instead of the cemetery.

The 2010s came with little impact on the trolleybus network. In 2011, line 3E was abandoned, and a new line (numbered 3A) opened on a shorter cableless section on Hadházi way (this line is suspended since the 2022 energy price hikes). In 2014, the opening of the tram line number 2 meant that the original trolley line number 2 and 2A was renumbered to 5 and 5A respectively.