United Nations Military Observer

A United Nations Military Observer (UNMO) is a military official deployed by the United Nations to provide support to a UN mission or peace operation. Described as the "eyes and ears" of the UN Security Council, observers fulfill a variety of roles depending on scope, purpose, and status of the UN mission to which they are attached. A UNMO is generally tasked with monitoring and assessing post-conflict agreements, such as a ceasefire or armistice; the withdrawal of military forces; or the maintenance of a neutral buffer zone. Observers usually undergo special training to ensure neutrality, diplomacy, and deescalation techniques.

Duties and responsibilities

 * Monitor the various agreements on cease-fires, withdrawals and demilitarization.
 * Ground, sea and aerial patrolling of both sides of the conflict, including the areas along the confrontation lines.
 * Patrol demilitarized zone.
 * Help resolve local difficulties (social, economic, etc.) by liaison with all sides of the conflict.
 * Investigate allegations of aggression or ceasefire violations.

Mission in Kashmir
An early and still-operating observer mission is the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), established on the India-Pakistan border in 1949 to monitor the ceasefire called for by the United Nations Security Council.
 * Location and Headquarters: ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir states with major posts in Rawalpindi, Pakistan / Srinagar, India
 * Primary observing officer: Croatian Major-General Dragutin Repinc appointed by Kofi Annan
 * Participating observers: 113 military and civilian personnel, from 8 countries
 * Casualties: 11
 * Time frame: 1949–present

Similar mission in Timor-Leste

 * Location and Headquarters: Republica Democratica Timor-Leste with major post in Dili, formerly East Timor
 * Primary observing officer: Atul Khare appointed by Kofi Annan
 * Participating observers: 34 with 1,600 supporting UN Police
 * Casualties:
 * Time frame: 2006–present, previous missions UNAMET 1999, UNTAET 1999–2002, UNMISET 2002–2005, and UNOTIL 2005–2006