United States District Court for the District of Vermont

The United States District Court for the District of Vermont (in case citations, D. Vt.) is the federal district court whose jurisdiction is the federal district of Vermont. The court has locations in Brattleboro, Burlington, and Rutland. The court was created by a March 2, 1791 amendment to the Judiciary Act of 1789 and assigned to the eastern circuit. Under the Midnight Judges Act, the Circuits were reorganized and this court was assigned to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit where it has remained since. Originally created with one judgeship, in 1966 a second judgeship was added.

Appeals from the District of Vermont are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of Vermont represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. the United States attorney is Nikolas P. Kerest.

U.S. attorneys
U.S. attorneys for Vermont since it attained statehood in 1791 include:

Duties and responsibilities
The United States Marshal for the District of Vermont oversees all Marshals Service operations in Vermont. The Vermont district maintains offices in Burlington and Rutland, enabling the Marshals Service to carry out its role with respect to public safety in Vermont. The U.S. Marshal for Vermont is responsible for federal law enforcement activities within the state, including apprehending fugitives and sex offenders, managing transport of federal prisoners, and protecting federal courthouses.

History
The offices of U.S. Marshal and Deputy Marshal were created by the 1st U.S. Congress when it passed the Judiciary Act of 1789. Marshals were presidential appointees and their duties included supporting the federal courts within their districts and executing the orders of the president, Congress and federal judges. Support of the courts included serving subpoenas, summonses, writs, and warrants, making arrests, and handling prisoners. Marshals were also responsible for the finances and administration of the courts, including paying fees, expenses, and salaries for court clerks, U.S. Attorneys, jurors, and witnesses. Marshals serve at the pleasure of the president, and when the positions were created, Congress created a time limit on Marshals' service. Marshals are limited to four-year, renewable terms that expire unless they are reappointed.

In the country's early years, Marshals rented courtroom and jail space, and hired and supervised bailiffs, criers, and janitors. They also handled the day-to-day activities of court proceedings, including ensuring that defendants were present, jurors were available, and witnesses appeared as required. Marshals were also called upon to carry out federal death sentences and investigate counterfeiting. Because they were paid on a fee system, the positions were lucrative and highly sought after.

Marshals also filled a gap in the federal government as it was originally designed, executing numerous tasks because no other agency was available to do them. These duties included taking the national census every 10 years until 1870, distributing Presidential proclamations, collecting statistical data for use by federal agencies, and supplying data on federal employees for including in a national register, deporting foreigners who entered the country illegally, and capturing fugitive slaves.

Over time, the duties of Marshals grew to include activities such as enforcement of the Eighteenth Amendment, the prohibition of the sale and transport of alcoholic beverages. In the modern era, the duties and responsibilities of U.S. Marshals include witness protection and apprehension of federal fugitives.

U.S. marshals and dates of appointment
Vermont's U.S. marshals have included:


 * Lewis R. Morris, March 4, 1791
 * Jabez G. Fitch, June 9, 1794
 * John Willard, March 11, 1801
 * David Robinson, January 7, 1811
 * Heman Allen (of Colchester), December 14, 1818
 * Joseph Edson, March 3, 1823
 * Heman Lowry, June 6, 1829
 * George W. Barker, December 30, 1835
 * Heman Lowry, March 7, 1837
 * William Barron, March 10, 1841
 * Jacob Kent Jr., March 15, 1845
 * John Pettes, March 13, 1849
 * Charles Chapin, April 1, 1853
 * Lewis S. Partridge, May 2, 1857
 * Charles C. P. Baldwin, April 12, 1861
 * Hugh H. Henry, July 25, 1865
 * George P. Foster, January 24, 1870
 * William W. Henry, April 10, 1879
 * John Robinson, June 24, 1886
 * Rollin Amsden, June 18, 1890
 * Emory S. Harris, June 9, 1894
 * Fred A. Field, June 14, 1898
 * Frank H. Chapman, October 16, 1903
 * Horace W. Bailey, October 21, 1903
 * Arthur P. Carpenter, February 14, 1914
 * Albert W. Harvey, June 2, 1922
 * Edward L. Burke, June 7, 1935
 * Dewey H. Perry, March 14, 1954
 * Thomas W. Sorrell, August 3, 1961
 * Christian Hansen Jr., June 20, 1969
 * Earle B. McLaughlin, July 28, 1977
 * Christian Hansen Jr., March 17, 1982
 * John Edward Rouille, September 29, 1994
 * John H. Sinclair, November 29, 1999
 * John R. Edwards, March 18, 2002
 * David E.  Demag, August 18, 2009
 * Bradley J. LaRose, January 2, 2019