User:Carchasm/sandbox/Outline of Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy

Definition
Philosophy in the overlapping Greco-roman world during Classical antiquity and Late antiquity.
 * Ancient Greek philosophy in Ancient Greece from the early Archaic period through the Hellenistic period.
 * Initially developed in Ionia, and Magna Graecia, it came to be centered around Athens.
 * Primarily written in the Ancient Greek language, especially the Attic dialect but also Doric and Ionic.
 * Dominant figures include Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Epicurus.
 * Ancient Roman philosophy in the late Roman republic and Roman empire until 632 AD.
 * In Classical Latin, Late Latin, and Koine Greek.
 * Centered around Rome, Alexandria, and Athens.
 * Dominant figures include Cicero, Seneca, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, and Plotinus.

General theories and concepts

 * Ancient Greek logic
 * Aristotelian logic
 * Dialectic school
 * Stoic logic
 * Ancient Greek epistemology
 * Episteme knowledge, from pistis, belief or faith, contrasted with doxa and 'techne''
 * Techne - skill, art, ability, often constrasted with episteme
 * Doxa - view, common opinion, often contrasted with episteme
 * Phronesis - practical wisdom
 * Sophia - wisdom
 * Ancient Greek natural philosophy
 * Physis
 * Cosmos
 * Arche
 * Apeiron
 * Classical element
 * Water (classical element)
 * Fire (classical element)
 * Earth (classical element)
 * Air (classical element)
 * Aether (classical element)
 * Ancient Greek philosophy of mind
 * Psyche -
 * Pneuma - breath, life, spirit
 * Nous - mind, intellect
 * Thumos - temper, anger
 * Phren - heart, wit
 * Logos - reason
 * Pathos - passion
 * Ethos - character
 * Ensoulment
 * Palingenesis
 * Metempsychosis
 * Ancient Greek ethics
 * Paideia - Education
 * Arete - Excellence
 * Kalos kagathos - The noble good
 * Sophrosyne - Right judgment
 * Philotimo - Love of honor
 * Eudaimonia - prosperity, contentment
 * Philia - friendship, love
 * Ancient Greek aesthetics
 * On the Sublime

Early greek philosophy

 * Hesiod
 * Pherecydes of Syros
 * Orphism (religion)
 * Cosmogony
 * Delphic maxims
 * Know thyself
 * Ionian School (philosophy)
 * Italian School (philosophy)

Ionian material monism

 * Material monism
 * Impermanence

Eleatic monism

 * The One
 * Eternity of the world
 * Zeno's paradoxes

Atomism

 * Euthymia (philosophy)

Pythagoreanism

 * Musica universalis
 * Mathematicism
 * Monad (philosophy)
 * Dyad (philosophy)
 * Table of Opposites
 * Tetractys
 * Ousia
 * Vegetarianism
 * Animal rights

Sophists

 * Cratylism
 * Paradox of the Court

Socrates

 * Socrates
 * Socratic problem
 * Trial of Socrates
 * Socratic dialogue
 * Socratic method
 * Know thyself
 * Gadfly (philosophy and social science)
 * Daemon (classical mythology)
 * I know that I know nothing

Platonism

 * Dianoia
 * Enkrateia
 * Euthyphro dilemma
 * Theory of forms
 * Methexis
 * Allegory of the cave
 * Plato's theory of soul
 * Cardinal virtues
 * Platonic epistemology
 * Anamnesis (philosophy)
 * Peritrope
 * Orthotes
 * Analogy of the sun
 * Analogy of the divided line
 * Diairesis
 * Platonic love
 * Greek words for love
 * Platonic aesthetics
 * Mimesis
 * Plato's political philosophy
 * Microcosm–macrocosm analogy
 * Ship of State
 * Philosopher king
 * Form of the Good
 * Plato's natural philosophy
 * Anima mundi
 * Demiurge
 * Great Year
 * Celestial spheres
 * Dynamics of the celestial spheres
 * Primum Mobile
 * Hyperuranion
 * Plato's unwritten doctrines
 * Allegorical interpretations of Plato
 * Ring of Gyges
 * Myth of Er
 * Metempsychosis / Palingenesis
 * Atlantis
 * Plato's number

Aristotelianism

 * Logic
 * Square of opposition
 * Law of excluded middle
 * Law of identity
 * Law of noncontradiction
 * Non-Aristotelian logic
 * Assertoric
 * Apophantic
 * Endoxa
 * Dictum de omni et nullo
 * Axiom
 * Physics
 * Antiperistasis
 * Horror vacui (physics)
 * Aristotle's wheel paradox
 * Aristotle's biology
 * Active intellect
 * Passive intellect
 * Aristotle's views on women
 * Metaphysics
 * First principle
 * Substance theory
 * Inherence
 * Essence
 * Unmoved mover
 * Four causes
 * Telos
 * Aristotle's theory of universals
 * Minima naturalia
 * Substantial form
 * Intelligible form
 * Species (metaphysics)
 * Hylomorphism
 * Potentiality and actuality
 * Aristotelian ethics
 * Akrasia
 * Nemesis (philosophy)
 * Golden mean (philosophy)
 * Hexis
 * Rational animal
 * Competing goods
 * Practical syllogism
 * Intellectual virtue
 * Golden mean (philosophy)
 * Magnanimity
 * Pleonexia
 * Malakia
 * Aristotelian politics
 * Politeia
 * Synoecism
 * Homonoia
 * Natural slavery
 * Aristotelian rhetoric
 * Deliberative rhetoric
 * Aristotelian aesthetics
 * Hexis
 * Nemesis (philosophy)
 * Metabasis paradox
 * Lexis (Aristotle)
 * Mythos (Aristotle)
 * Mimesis
 * Catharsis
 * Spoudaiogeloion
 * Tragic hero

Socratic schools

 * Epimenides paradox
 * Lazy argument
 * Sorites paradox

Hellenistic philosophy

 * Sophos
 * Scholarch
 * Gymnosophists
 * Ataraxia
 * Acatalepsy
 * Adiaphora
 * Apatheia
 * Aporia
 * Adiaphora
 * Dogma
 * Epoché
 * Hedone
 * Katalepsis
 * Kathekon
 * Oikeiôsis
 * Phantasiai
 * Prohairesis
 * Stoa Poikile

Stoicism

 * Stoic logic
 * Stoic categories
 * Stoic epistemology
 * Stoic physics
 * Stoic ethics
 * Horme
 * Kathekon
 * Stoic virtues
 * Stoic passions

Epicureanism

 * Epicurean physics
 * Epicurean epistemology
 * Epicurean ethics
 * Free will in antiquity

Skepticism

 * Academic Skepticism
 * Plank of Carneades
 * Pyrrhonism
 * Ephetic
 * Aporetic
 * Zetetic
 * The ten modes of Aenesidemus
 * The five modes of Agrippa
 * Epilogism
 * Empiric school

Latin philosophical concepts

 * Virtus
 * Humanitas
 * Auctoritas
 * Dignitas
 * Gravitas
 * Pietas
 * Otium
 * Rota Fortunae
 * Dum vivimus vivamus

Middle platonism

 * Middle Platonism

Neopythagoranism

 * Neopythagoreanism
 * School of the Sextii

Second Sophistic

 * Second Sophistic

Neoplatonism



 * Plato's unwritten doctrines
 * Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)
 * Emanationism
 * Henology
 * Henosis
 * Kenoma
 * Pleroma
 * Theurgy
 * Okhema
 * Arcs of Descent and Ascent
 * Body of light
 * Black-and-white dualism
 * Porphyrian tree

Christian philosophy

 * Neoplatonism in Christianity

Precursors

 * Seven Sages of Greece
 * Thales of Miletus
 * Solon of Athens
 * Chilon of Sparta
 * Pittacus of Mytilene
 * Bias of Priene
 * Cleobulus
 * Periander
 * Anacharsis
 * Myson
 * Epimenides
 * Pherecydes of Syros
 * Acusilaus of Argos
 * Theagenes of Rhegium

Ionian school

 * Ionian School
 * Thales (624 – c 546 BCE)
 * Anaximander (610 – 546 BCE)
 * Anaximenes of Miletus (c. 585 – c. 525 BCE)
 * Xenophanes (570 – 470 BCE)
 * Heraclitus (535 – 475 BCE)

Pythagoreans

 * Pythagoras (582 – 496 BCE)
 * Brontinus (fl. 6th century BCE)
 * Democedes (c. 568 - 518)
 * Alcmaeon of Croton (530 -
 * Hippasus 	(c. 530 – c. 450 BC
 * Iccus of Taranto		(late 6th century)
 * Menestor of Sybaris 	(c. 490)
 * Theodorus of Cyrene 	(475 - 400)
 * Philolaus of Croton 	(470 – 380 BCE)
 * Eurytus (fl. 400 BCE)
 * Archytas of Tarentum	(428 – 347 BCE)
 * Zopyrus of Tarentum	(fl. early 4th century BCE)
 * Ecphantus
 * Hicetas
 * Thymaridas
 * Lyco of Iasos
 * Diodorus of Aspendus
 * Ion of Chios
 * Hippocrates of Chios
 * Damon of Athens
 * Hippo (philosopher) (c. 475)
 * Epicharmus

Eleatics

 * Eleatics
 * Parmenides
 * Zeno of Elea
 * Melissus of Samos

Atomists

 * Leucippus
 * Democritus
 * Metrodorus of Chios
 * Diagoras of Melos
 * Diotimus of Tyre
 * Bion of Abdera
 * Nessus of Chios
 * Diogenes of Smyrna
 * Anaxarchus
 * Nausiphanes

Pluralists

 * Empedocles
 * Anaxagoras
 * Cleidemus
 * Archelaus
 * Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the elder)
 * Diogenes of Apollonia (c. 460 BCE – ?)
 * Cratylus]]

Sophists

 * Xeniades
 * Protagoras
 * Gorgias of Leontini (487 – 376 BCE)
 * Alcidamas (420 - 360 BCE)
 * Lycophron
 * Polus
 * Hippias (middle of the 5th century BCE)
 * Prodicus (465/450 – after 399 BCE)
 * Antiphon the Sophist (480 – 411 BCE)
 * Callicles
 * Thrasymachus (459 – 400 BCE)
 * Critias
 * Euthydemus of Chios and Dionysodorus (sophist)
 * Isocrates

Followers of Socrates

 * Crito of Alopece (469 – 380 BCE)
 * Alexamenus of Teos (fl. 5th century BCE)
 * Euclid of Megara (450 – 380 BCE)
 * Antisthenes (c. 445 – 360 BCE)
 * Glaucon (c. 445 – 4th century BCE)
 * Simon the Shoemaker (fl. late 5th century BCE)
 * Aristippus (c. 435 – 356 BCE)
 * Simmias of Thebes (fl. 5th–4th century BC)
 * Cebes of Thebes (430 - 350 BCE)
 * Xenophon (430 - 355 BCE)
 * Plato (428 - 348BCE)
 * Aeschines of Sphettus (c. 425 BC – c. 350 BCE)
 * Phaedo of Elis (fl. 4th century BCE)

Cyrenaics

 * Aristippus
 * Antipater of Cyrene
 * Arete of Cyrene
 * Epitimides of Cyrene
 * Paraebates
 * Aristippus the Younger
 * Aristotle of Cyrene
 * Dionysius the Renegade
 * Aristoxenus of Cyrene - Cyrenaic philosopher mentioned by Athenaeus
 * Hegesias of Cyrene
 * Anniceris
 * Theodorus the Atheist

Eretrian

 * Phaedo of Elis
 * Menedemus of Eretria
 * Asclepiades of Phlius

Megarian

 * Megarian school
 * Dialectical school
 * Euclid of Megara
 * Ichthyas
 * Thrasymachus of Corinth
 * Pasicles of Thebes
 * Clinomachus
 * Stilpo (380 – 300 BCE)
 * Nicarete of Megara
 * Bryson of Achaea
 * Simmias of Syracuse
 * Eubulides
 * Alexinus
 * Apollonius Cronus
 * Euphantus
 * Dionysius of Chalcedon
 * Diodorus Cronus
 * Philo the Dialectician
 * Panthoides
 * Aristotle the Dialectician

Cynicism

 * Cynicism (philosophy)
 * Parrhesia
 * Diogenes and Alexander

List of Cynics

Classical

 * Antisthenes - Traditional founder of Cynicism
 * Diogenes of Sinope (400 – 325 BCE) - Likely real founder of Cynicism
 * Onesicritus
 * Monimus
 * Hegesias of Sinope
 * Onesicritus of Aegina
 * Philiscus of Aegina
 * Androsthenes of Aegina
 * Anaximenes of Lampsacus
 * Crates of Thebes (360 - 280 BCE)
 * Hipparchia
 * Metrocles
 * Cleomenes the Cynic
 * Theombrotus

Hellenistic

 * Bion of Borysthenes (c. 325 – c. 250 BC)
 * Menippus (3rd century BCE)
 * Cercidas (fl. 3rd century BC)
 * Menedemus the Cynic (fl. 3rd century BC) - former Epicurean who converted to cynicism
 * Teles of Megara (fl. c. 235 BC)
 * Meleager of Gadara

Roman period

 * Avidenus - Mentioned by Horace.
 * Marcus Favonius
 * Demetrius the Cynic (fl. 1st century)
 * Dio Chrysostom
 * Diogenes the Sophist (fl 75. AD) - Mentioned by Cassius Dio
 * Carneades the Cynic - Mentioned by Eunapius
 * Menippus of Lycia - Mentioned by Eunapius
 * Agathobulus (fl. 2nd century AD) - Mentioned by Lucian as the teacher of Demonax
 * Demonax (fl. 2nd century AD) - Subject of a biography by Lucian
 * Peregrinus Proteus (fl. 2nd century AD) - Subject of a biography by Lucian
 * Theagenes of Patras (fl. 2nd century AD) - disciple of Peregrinus
 * Pancrates of Athens (fl. c. 140 AD)
 * Crescens the Cynic (fl. 2nd century AD) - subject of criticism by Justin Martyr, attested by Eusebius
 * Oenomaus of Gadara (fl. 2nd century AD) - wrote a work concerning oracles preserved by Eusebius
 * Antiochus of Cilicia - Mentioned by Cassius Dio

Late antiquity

 * Heraclius the Cynic (fl. 4th century AD)- Cynic philosopher mentioned by Julian
 * Asclepiades the Cynic (fl. 4th century AD) - Cynic philosopher mentioned by Julian
 * Chytron the Cynic (fl. 4th century AD) - Cynic philosopher mentioned by Julian
 * Iphicles the Cynic (fl. 4th century AD) - Cynic philosopher mentioned by Julian
 * Cleomenes of Constantinople (fl. 4th century AD) - Cynic philosopher mentioned by Libanius
 * Horus (athlete) (fl. 384 BC) - Cynic mentioned by Macrobius
 * Maximus I of Constantinople (fl. 380 AD)
 * Sallustius of Emesa (fl. 5th century AD)

Academy

 * Plato (428 – 347 BCE) (Life of Plato)
 * Aristonymus
 * Erastus of Scepsis
 * Coriscus of Scepsis
 * Demetrius of Amphipolis
 * Euaeon of Lampsacus
 * Heraclides of Aenus
 * Python of Aenus
 * Hestiaeus of Perinthus
 * Lastheneia of Mantinea
 * Timolaus of Cyzicus
 * Axiothea of Phlius
 * Chion of Heraclea - mentioned by Philodemus
 * Menedemus of Pyrrha - mentioned by Philodemus
 * Chaeron of Pellene - mentioned by Philodemus
 * Calligenes - mentioned by Philodemus
 * Speusippus (407 – 339 BCE)
 * Xenocrates (396 – 314 BCE)
 * Polemon
 * Eudoxus of Cnidus
 * Philip of Opus
 * Hermodorus of Syracuse
 * Heraclides of Pontus
 * Crantor of Soli
 * Crates of Athens

Peripatetics

 * Aristotle (384 – 322 BCE)
 * Nicomachus (son of Aristotle)
 * Echecratides
 * Theophrastus (370 – 288 BCE)
 * Dicaearchus
 * Aristoxenus of Tarentum
 * Eudemus of Rhodes
 * Phaenias of Eresus
 * Strato of Lampsacus (355 - 269 BCE)
 * Demetrius of Phalerum (350 - 280 BCE)
 * Praxiphanes
 * Chamaeleon (philosopher)
 * Clearchus of Soli
 * Lyco of Troas (299 - 225 BCE)
 * Hieronymus of Rhodes (290-230 BCE)
 * Hermippus of Smyrna
 * Archestratus (music theorist)
 * Aristo of Ceos
 * Calliphon
 * Satyrus the Peripatetic
 * Critolaus
 * Diodorus of Tyre
 * Erymneus
 * Cratippus of Pergamum

Roman Peripatetics

 * Andronicus of Rhodes - Collected the esoteric works of Aristotle, was said to have organized them in the order they are today.
 * Xenarchus of Seleucia
 * Boethus of Sidon - 1st century BCE peripatetic philosopher who wrote an early commentary on the Categories which is lost.
 * Nicolaus of Damascus
 * Alexander of Aegae
 * Aristocles of Messene
 * Aspasius
 * Adrastus of Aphrodisias
 * Sosigenes the Peripatetic -
 * Herminus - Commentator on Aristotle, teacher of Alexander of Aphrodisias
 * Aristotle of Mytilene
 * Alexander of Aphrodisias - Late 2nd century peripatetic philosopher whose works survive, include several commentaries on Aristotle and several original works.

Stoics

 * Zeno of Citium (333 – 263 BCE)
 * Cleanthes (c. 330 – c. 230 BCE)
 * Chrysippus (280 – 207 BCE)
 * Zeno of Tarsus
 * Diogenes
 * Antipater
 * Panaetius
 * Posidonius (135 – 51 BCE)
 * Seneca (4 BCE – 65 CE)
 * Musonius Rufus (30 – 100 CE)
 * Epictetus (55 – 135 CE)
 * Arrian
 * Marcus Aurelius (121 – 180 CE)

Epicureans

 * Epicurus (341-270 BC) Founder of the Epicurean school of philosophy.

Followers of Epicurus

 * Metrodorus of Lampsacus (331-278 BC) Close friend of Epicurus.
 * Polyaenus of Lampsacus (c. 345-c. 285 BC) Mathematician and friend of Epicurus.
 * Hermarchus (325-c. 250 BC) - Second leader of the Epicurean school.
 * Leonteus of Lampsacus - Pupil of Epicurus.
 * Themista of Lampsacus (c. 300 BC) - Pupil of Epicurus.
 * Colotes of Lampsacus (c. 320-c. 250 BC) - Friend of Epicurus whose doctrines are debated by Plutarch
 * Idomeneus of Lampsacus (c. 325-c. 250 BC) - Friend and pupil of Epicurus. Biographer of famous lives.
 * Timocrates of Lampsacus (fl. 300 BC) - Brother of Metrodorus, and apostate of Epicureanism.
 * Leontion (fl. 300 BC) - Philosopher who criticized Theophrastus.
 * Carneiscus (c. 300 BC) - Epicurean who wrote a work on friendship.
 * Batis of Lampsacus
 * Amynomachus

Scholarchs of the Garden

 * Hermarchus (325-c. 250 BC) - Second leader of the Epicurean school.
 * Polystratus (c. 290-219 BC) Third leader of the Epicurean school.
 * Dionysius of Lamptrai c. 275-205 BC Fourth leader of the Epicurean school.
 * Basilides c. 250-c. 175 BC Fifth leader of the Epicurean school.
 * Thespis
 * Apollodorus (fl. 125 BC) Leader of the Epicurean school, teacher of Zeno of Sidon.
 * Zeno of Sidon (c. 150-c. 75 BC) - Epicurean philosopher, and teacher of Philodemus.
 * Phaedrus (138 – 70/69 BCE) - Leader of the Epicurean school.
 * Patro (fl. 70 BC) - Leader of the Epicurean school.

Roman

 * Alcaeus and Philiscus (fl. 150 BC) Epicurean philosophers expelled from Rome in 173 or 154 BC.
 * Gaius Amafinius (fl. 125 BC) Epicurean philosopher who introduced Epicureanism to Rome.
 * Titus Albucius (fl. 105 BC) Orator and politician.
 * Rabirius (fl. 100 BC) Writer of Epicurean texts in Latin.
 * Philodemus (c. 110-c. 40 BC) Epicurean philosopher whose works survive in the Villa of the Papyri.
 * Lucretius (c. 95-c. 55 BC) Epicurean philosopher-poet who composed De rerum natura.
 * Catius (fl. 50 BC) Epicurean philosopher, wrote Latin books.
 * Titus Pomponius Atticus (c. 110 BC-c. 33 BC) Friend of Cicero, Banker and patron of letters.
 * Siro (fl. 50 BC) - Epicurean philosopher and teacher of Virgil.
 * Diogenes of Oenoanda (fl. 125 AD) - Epicurean who carved Epicurus's teachings on a wall in Oenoanda.

Other

 * Philonides of Laodicea (c. 200-c. 130 BC) Epicurean philosopher who lived at the Seleucid court.
 * Diogenes of Seleucia (fl. 150 BC) Epicurean philosopher, lived at the court of Syria.
 * Diogenes of Tarsus (fl. 150) BC Epicurean philosopher and author.
 * Demetrius Lacon (c. 150-c. 75 BC)
 * Metrodorus of Stratonicea - Defector from Epicureanism to Academic Skepticism


 * Javelin argument
 * Clinamen

Academic skeptics

 * Arcesilaus
 * Lacydes
 * Telecles & Euander
 * Hegesinus
 * Carneades (214 – 129 BCE)
 * Carneades II
 * Crates of Tarsus
 * Metrodorus of Stratonicea (late 2nd century BCE)
 * Clitomachus (187 – 109 BCE)
 * Philo of Larissa (160 – 80 BCE)
 * Cicero

Pyrrhonists

 * Pyrrho (365 – 275 BCE)
 * Timon (320 – 230 BCE)
 * Aenesidemus (1st century BCE)
 * Agrippa (1st century CE)
 * Favorinus (c. 80 – c. 160 CE)
 * Sextus Empiricus (2nd century CE)

Middle Platonists

 * Antiochus of Ascalon (130 – 68 BCE)
 * Eudorus of Alexandria
 * Philo of Alexandria
 * Philo's view of God
 * Plutarch (45 – 120 CE)
 * Atticus
 * Apuleius
 * Albinus
 * Alcinous (philosopher) (2nd century CE)
 * Galen
 * Numenius of Apamea
 * Ammonius Saccas

Neopythagoreans

 * Bolus of Mendes''' (fl. 200 BCE)
 * Nigidius Figulus (fl. 1st century BCE)
 * Quintus Sextius (fl. 1st century BCE)
 * Anaxilaus 	(fl. 1st century BCE)
 * Areius 		(fl. 1st century BCE)
 * Sotion (Pythagorean) (fl. 1st century CE) - Teacher of Seneca
 * Alexicrates (fl. 1st century CE) - Mentioned by Plutarch
 * Moderatus of Gades (fl. 1st century CE)
 * Apollonius of Tyana (fl. 90 CE)
 * Damis of Nineveh
 * Nicomachus of Gerasa (c. 60 – c. 120 CE)
 * Theon of Smyrna (fl. 100 CE)
 * Arignotus (fl. 2nd century CE)
 * Cronius the Pythagorean (fl. 2nd century CE)
 * Numenius of Apamea (fl. 2nd century CE)
 * Porphyry
 * Iamblichus

Neoplatonists

 * Julian the Chaldean
 * Julian the Theurgist


 * Plotinus (205 – 270 CE)
 * Porphyry (232 – 304 CE)
 * Theodorus of Asine


 * Theon of Alexandria
 * Hypatia
 * Synesius of Ptolemais


 * Iamblichus (242 – 327 CE)
 * Eustathius of Cappadocia
 * Aedesius
 * Euphrasius
 * Dexippus
 * Sopater
 * Hierus
 * Maximus of Ephesus
 * Themistius (317 – 388 CE)
 * Chrysanthus of Sardis
 * Eunapius
 * Julian the Apostate
 * Priscus of Epirus
 * Salutius

The New Academy

 * Plutarch of Athens
 * Syrianus
 * Hierocles of Alexandria
 * Proclus (411 – 485 CE) Head of the Academy after Syrianus.
 * Aeneas of Gaza - Author of extant Theophrastus and twenty-five letters.
 * Marinus of Neapolis
 * Zenodotus
 * Hegias
 * Isidore of Alexandria
 * Damascius (462 – 540 CE)
 * Isidore of Gaza
 * Eulamius
 * Priscian of Lydia
 * Hermias of Phoenicia
 * Simplicius of Cilicia (490 – 560 CE)

Alexandrian school

 * Hermias - wrote a surviving commentary on the Phaedrus
 * Ammonius Hermiae
 * Heliodorus of Alexandria
 * Olympiodorus
 * Elias
 * David
 * John Philoponus
 * Stephanus of Alexandria

Latin

 * Macrobius

Precursors

 * Philo of Alexandria
 * Paul the Apostle
 * Neoplatonism and Christianity

Gnostics

 * Valentinus
 * Basilides

Apologists

 * Justin Martyr
 * Athenagoras of Athens
 * Tatian
 * Theophilus of Antioch
 * Irenaeus
 * Hippolytus
 * Epiphanius of Salamis

Alexandrians

 * Clement of Alexandria (150 – 215 CE)
 * Origen of Alexandria
 * Arius
 * Athanasius of Alexandria

Nicene

 * Eusebius of Caesarea
 * Marcellus of Ancyra
 * Boethius (472 – 524 CE)
 * Severus of Antioch
 * Leontius of Byzantium
 * John of Damascus
 * Cyril of Alexandria
 * Gregory of Nazianzus
 * Gregory of Nyssa
 * Didymus the Blind
 * Evagrius of Pontus
 * Synesius of Cyrene
 * Theodoret of Cyrrhus
 * John Philoponus (490 – 570 CE)
 * Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite


 * John Cassian
 * John Chrysostom
 * John Climacus
 * Maximus the Confessor

Latin Church fathers

 * Tertullian
 * Cyprian
 * Marcus Minucius Felix
 * Arnobius
 * Lactantius
 * Marius Victorinus
 * Hilary of Poiters
 * Ambrose (340 – 397 CE)
 * Augustine of Hippo (354 – 430 CE)
 * Jerome

Pre-socratic works

 * On Nature
 * Works of Democritus
 * On Non-being - Gorgias
 * Dissoi Logoi - Anonymous
 * Derveni papyrus

Works by Plato

 * Dialogues of Plato
 * Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo
 * Cratylus, Theaetetus Sophist Statesman
 * Parmenides, Philebus, Symposium, Phaedrus
 * First Alcibiades, Second Alcibiades, Hipparchus, Rival Lovers
 * Theages, Charmides, Laches, Lysis
 * Euthydemus, Protagoras, Gorgias, Meno
 * Hippias Major, Hippias Minor, Ion, Menexenus
 * Clitophon, Republic, Timaeus, Critias
 * Minos, Laws, Epinomis, Epistles
 * Platonic Appendix
 * Definitions
 * On Justice
 * On Virtue
 * Demodocus
 * Sisyphus
 * Halcyon
 * Eryxias
 * Axiochus
 * Epigrams
 * Commentaries on Plato

Stoic works

 * On Passions - Chrysippus
 * Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium
 * Letter 47 (Seneca)
 * Naturales quaestiones
 * Seneca's Consolations, De Ira, De Brevitate Vitae (Seneca), De Clementia, De Constantia Sapientis, De Providentia
 * Enchiridion and Discourses of Epictetus
 * Meditations

Epicurean works

 * Principal Doctrines
 * Vatican Sayings
 * Letter to Herodotus
 * Letter to Menoceous


 * De Rerum Natura - Lucretius

Skeptic works

 * Academica (Cicero)
 * Aenesidemus (1st century BCE)
 * Pyrrhonean Discourses (lost)
 * Sextus Empiricus
 * Outlines of Pyrrhonism
 * Against the Dogmatists
 * Against the Logicians
 * Against the Physicists
 * Against the Ethicists
 * Against the Mathematicians

Middle Platonist works

 * Philo's works
 * Questions and Answers in Genesis
 * Allegorical Commentary on Genesis
 * Exposition of the Law
 * Why Every good man is free
 * ''On Providence (Philo)
 * On the eternity of the world (Philo)
 * Moralia - Plutarch
 * On Isis and Osiris
 * On the Generation of the Soul in the Timaeus
 * Against Colotes
 * Stoic self-contradictions
 * Hermetica
 * Corpus Hermetica
 * Ascelpius (treatise)
 * Hermetic definitions
 * Kore kosmou

Peripatetic works

 * Alexander of Aphrodisias
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Prior Analytics (Alexander)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Topics (Alexander)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's On Generation and Corruption (Alexander)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Posterior Analytics (Alexander)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics
 * Commentary on Aristotle's On Sense Perception
 * On the Soul
 * On Fate
 * Questions
 * Ethical Problems

Pythagorean literature

 * Pythagorean Notebooks quoted by Alexander Polyhistor

Hellenistic pseudegraphic literature

 * Early
 * Archytas of Tarentum
 * Ocellus Lucanus (14 pages)
 * Timaeus of Locri (12 pages)
 * Hippodamus of Miletus (255 lines)
 * On Eudaimonia
 * On the Constitution
 * Diotogenes (170 lines)
 * Ecphantus the Pythagorean (160 lines)
 * Metopus (Pythagorean) (145 lines)
 * Callicratidas (135 lines)
 * Perictone (115 lines)
 * Theages (Pythagorean) (115 lines)
 * Charondas (100 lines)
 * Phintys (80 lines)
 * Euryphamus (75 lines)
 * Zaleucus (70 lines)
 * Hipparchus (Pythagorean) (65 lines)
 * On Euthymia
 * Aresas or Aesara (50 lines)
 * Onatas (philosopher) (45 lines)
 * Damippus (45 lines)
 * Dios (Pythagorean) (30 lines)
 * Pempelos (25 lines)
 * Bryson (25 lines)
 * Melissa (philosopher) (20 lines)
 * Letter to Cleareta
 * Aristaeus of Croton
 * Philolaus
 * Cleinias of Tarentum (15 lines)
 * Sthenidas of Locri (15 lines)
 * Criton of Aegae (15 lines)
 * Eurytus (Pythagorean) (15 lines)
 * Aristombrotos (10 lines)
 * Megillus of Sparta (5 lines)
 * Akron of Akragas
 * Athamas
 * Panacaeus
 * Proros
 * Thearides


 * Late
 * Pythagoras
 * Golden Verses
 * Speeches quoted by Iamblichus
 * Letter to Anaximenes
 * Letter to Hiero
 * Theano (215 lines)
 * On Piety
 * Letter to Eubule
 * Letter to Euclides
 * Letter to Eurydice
 * Letter to Callisto
 * Letter to Nicostrate
 * Letter to Rhodope
 * Letter to Timonides
 * Anonymous
 * Lysis of Taras (55 or 70 lines)
 * Letter to Hipparchus
 * Myia (35 lines)
 * Letter to Phyllis
 * Brontinus (10 lines)
 * Milo of Croton (5 lines)
 * Arimnestos (2 lines)
 * Arignote
 * Hippasus
 * Lyco of Iasos - On Plants
 * Metrodorus of Cos - On Medicine
 * Telauges
 * Letter to Philolaus (lost)

Roman Period

 * Life of Pythagoras by Iamblichus

Cynic literature

 * Cynic epistles
 * Anacharsis
 * Heraclitus
 * Socrates
 * Diogenes
 * Life of Demonax

Neoplatonic works

 * Chaldean oracles
 * Theology of Arithmetic

Plotinus

 * Enneads
 * On Beauty

Porphyry

 * Life of Plotinus
 * Life of Pythagoras
 * Isagoge
 * Introduction to Ptolemy's Tetrabiblios
 * Homeric Questions
 * On the Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey
 * On the abstinence of eating animals
 * On philosophy from oracles
 * Commentary on Plato's Timaeus
 * Against the Christians
 * Sententiae
 * Letter to Marcella
 * Letter to Anebo
 * To Gaurus

Iamblichus

 * On Pythagoreanism - Ten volume treatise that is partially extant
 * On the Pythagorean Life
 * Protrepticus (Iamblichus)
 * On the Mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians

Proclus

 * Elements of Physics
 * Elements of Theology
 * Platonic theology (Proclus)
 * Commentary on Plato's Alcibiades (Proclus)
 * Commentary on Plato's Cratylus (Proclus)
 * Commentary on Plato's Timaeus (Proclus)
 * Commentary on Plato's Parmenides (Proclus)
 * Commentary on Plato's Republic (Proclus)

Damascius

 * Difficulties and Solutions of First Principles

Simplicius

 * Commentary on Aristotle's Categories (Simplicius
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Physics (Simplicius)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's On the Heavens (Simplicius)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's On the Soul (Simplicius)
 * Commentary on Epictetus' Enchridion

Ancient Christan philosophical literature

 * Pseudo-Dionysius
 * De Coelesti Hierarchia
 * The City of God
 * Criticism
 * The True Word

Ancient Commentaries on Plato

 * Introductions
 * Handbook of Platonism
 * Didascalia
 * On Mathematics useful for the understanding of Plato
 * Anonymous Prolegomena to Platonic Philosophy
 * Alcibiades
 * Commentary on Plato's Alcibiades (Proclus)
 * Commentary on Plato's Alcibiades (Olympiodorus)
 * Gorgias
 * Commentary on Plato's Gorgias (Olympiodorus)
 * Phaedo
 * Commentary on Plato's Phaedo (Damascius)
 * Cratylus
 * Commentary on Plato's Cratylus (Proclus)
 * Theaetetus (dialogue)
 * Anonymous Commentary on Plato's Theaetetus
 * Sophist
 * Statesman
 * Philebus
 * Commentary on Plato's Philebus (Damascius)
 * Symposium
 * Phaedrus
 * Timaeus
 * On the Generation of the soul in the Timaeus - Plutarch
 * Timaeus of Locri
 * Commentary on Plato's Timaeus (Calcidius)
 * Commentary on Plato's Timaeus (Proclus)
 * Parmenides
 * Anonymous Commentary on Plato's Parmenides
 * Commentary on Plato's Parmenides (Proclus)
 * Commentary on Plato's Parmenides (Damascius)
 * Republic
 * Commentary on Plato's Republic (Proclus)

Ancient Commentaries on Aristotle

 * Introductions
 * Isagoge - Porphyry
 * Categories
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Categories (Porphyry)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Categories (Dexippus)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Categories (Olympiodorus)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Categories (Ammonius)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Categories (Simplicius
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Categories (Philoponus)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Categories (Elias)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Categories (David)
 * On Interpretation
 * ''Commentary on Aristotle's On Interpretation (Ammonius)
 * Prior Analytics
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Prior Analytics (Alexander)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Prior Analytics (Ammonius)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Prior Analytics (Philoponus)
 * Posterior Analytics
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Posterior Analytics (Themistius)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Posterior Analytics (Philoponus)
 * Topics
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Topics (Alexander)
 * Sophistical Refutations
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Sophistical Refutations (Alexander)
 * Physics
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Physics (Alexander) (lost)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Physics (Themistius)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Physics (Simplicius)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Physics (Philoponus)
 * On Generation and Corruption
 * Commentary on Aristotle's On Generation and Corruption (Philoponus)
 * On the Heavens
 * Commentary on Aristotle's On the Heavens (Themistius)''
 * Commentary on Aristotle's On the Heavens (Simplicius)''
 * Meteorology
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Meteorology (Alexander)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Meteorology (Olympiodorus)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Meteorology (Philoponus)
 * On the Soul
 * Commentary on Aristotle's On the Soul (Themistius)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's On the Soul (Simplicius)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's On the Soul (Philoponus)
 * On Sense Perception
 * Commentary on Aristotle's On Sense Perception (Alexander)
 * Parva Naturalia
 * Pseudo-Themistius
 * Generation of Animals
 * John Philoponus
 * Metaphysics
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics (Alexander)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics (Ascelpius)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics (Themistius)
 * Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics (Syrianus)
 * Nicomachean Ethics
 * Aspasius

Other Commentaries

 * Commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge
 * Ammonius
 * Elias
 * David
 * Commentary on Nicomachus' Introduction to Arithmetic
 * Ascelpius
 * Iamblichus
 * Commentary on Euclid's Elements - Proclus
 * Comentary on the Golden Verses - Hierocles
 * Commentary on Theophrastus' On Sense Perception - Priscian of Lydia
 * Commentary on Epictetus' Enchridion - Simplicius
 * Commentary on Cicero's Dream of Scipio - Macrobius
 * On the Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey - Porphyry

Epistles
These are almost all considered spurious
 * Plato's Epistles
 * Aristotle Epistles
 * Pythagorean Epistles
 * Porphyry Epistles
 * Letter to Marcella
 * Iamblichus Epistles

Doxography

 * Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers - Diogenes Laertius
 * Placita - Aetius
 * Anthologium - Stobaeus
 * Theophrastus
 * Cicero
 * Aetius
 * Diogenes Laertius
 * Stobaeus
 * Photius
 * Hermann Diels