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Watt, William, 1793-1859: THE BATTLE OF VITTORIA. [from Poems and Songs (1860)] [Footnote: 1Kb]

1         On famed Vittoria's gory height, 2         Ere shades proclaim'd th' approach of night, 3         The sulph'rous tube and sabre bright 4            Swept thousands to eternity.

5         The marshall'd ranks, in bright array, 6         Stood glittering in the blaze of day; 7         While drums and trumpets loud did bray 8            Along the azure canopy.

9         As from the lightning's ebon shrine 10       The thunder bursts with voice sublime, 11       So cannons roar and armours chime 12          In contest for the mastery.

13       Now dire confusion clouds the field, 14       With stubborn brows their swords they wield, 15       Till Gallia's sons are forced to yield 16          To British strength and bravery.

17       Here lies, defaced by blood and scars, 18       The hero old, and skill'd in wars, 19       (Who lived a votary to Mars,) 20          Lamenting his hard destiny.

21       There wreathes on the ensanguined plain 22       The soldier young, in horrid pain, 23       In life's gay morn untimely ta'en 24           By fate's delusive treachery.

25       Beneath the willow's blood-stain'd leaf 26       Lies, parch'd with thirst, the wounded chief, 27       And not a hand to lend relief, 28          Or soothe his grevious misery:

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29       The horseman, 'neath his hapless steed, 30       In anguish fell doth groaning bleed; 31       Aloof from help, in time of need, 32          He dies at point of victory:

33       When loud the brazen trump of fame 34       Resounds for Wellington and Graham, 35       Who've gain'd themselves a deathless name, 36          While lasts the page of history.

Glen, William, 1787-1826: SONG, THE BATTLE OF VITTORIA. [from Poems (1815)] [Footnote: 1Kb]

1         Sing a' ye bards wi' loud acclaim, 2         High glory gie to gallant Grahame, 3         Heap laurels on our Marshall's fame, 4            Wha conquer'd at Vittoria. 5         Triumphant freedom smil'd on Spain, 6         An' rais'd her stately form again, 7         Whan the British Lion shook his mane 8            On the mountains o' Vittoria.

9         Let blust'rin' Suchet crously crack, 10       Let Joseph rin the coward's track, 11       And Jourdan wish his baton back, 12          He left upon Vittoria; 13       If e'er they meet their worthy King, 14       Let them dance roun' him in a ring, 15       An' some Scottish Piper play the spring 16          He blew them at Vittoria.

17       Gie truth an' honour to the Dane, 18       Gie German's Monarch heart an' brain; 19       But aye in sic a cause as Spain, 20          Gie Britons a Vittoria.

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21       The English Rose was ne'er sae red, 22       The Shamrock wav'd whare glory led, 23       And the Scottish Thistle rais'd its head, 24          An' smil'd upon Vittoria.

25       Loud was the battle's stormy swell, 26       Whare thousands fought and mony fell; 27       But the Glasgow Heroes bure the bell 28          At the battle o' Vittoria. 29       The Paris maids may ban them a', 30       Their lads are maistly wede awa', 31       An' cauld an' pale as wreaths o' snaw 32          They lie upon Vittoria.

33       Wi' quakin' heart and tremblin' knees 34       The Eagle Standard-bearer flees, 35       While the "meteor flag" floats to the breeze, 36          An' wantons on Vittoria. 37       Britannia's glory there was shewn, 38       By the undaunted Wellington, 39       An' the tyrant trembl'd on his throne, 40          Whan hearin' o' Vittoria.

41       Peace to the spirits o' the brave, 42       Let a' their trophies for them wave, 43       An' green be our Cadogan's grave, 44          Upon thy field, Vittoria! 45       There let eternal laurels bloom, 46       While maidens mourn his early doom, 47       An' deck his lowly honour'd tomb 48          Wi' roses on Vittoria.

Meredith, George, 1828-1909: VITTORIA'S LAST SONG IN THE OPERA OF CAMILLA, MILAN, 1847 [from The Poetical Works of George Meredith: With some notes by G. M. Trevelyan (1919)]

1            I cannot count the years, 2               That you will drink, like me, 3            The cup of blood and tears, 4            Ere she to you appears:--- 5         Italia, Italia shall be free!

6            You dedicate your lives 7               To her, and you will be 8             The food on which she thrives, 9            Till her great day arrives:--- 10       Italia, Italia shall be free!

11          She asks you but for faith! 12             Your faith in her takes she 13          As draughts of heaven's breath, 14          Amid defeat and death:--- 15       Italia, Italia shall be free!

16          I enter the black boat 17             Upon the wide grey sea, 18          Where all her set suns float; 19          Thence hear my voice remote:--- 20       Italia, Italia shall be free!

Material used with the kind permission of the estate of George Macaulay Trevelyan.

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49       Ye Caledonian war-pipes play, 50       Barrossa heard your Highlan' lay, 51       An' the Gallant Scot shew'd there that day, 52          A prelude to Vittoria. 53       Shout to the Heroes---swell ilk voice, 54       To them wha made poor Spain rejoice, 55       Shout Wellington an' Lynedock, boys, 56          Barrossa an' Vittoria!

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Manuscript Collections in the Swarthmore College Peace Collection That Relate to Conscientious Objection [Not A Complete List]

Note: The collections called Document Groups (DGs) are those records of groups and papers of individuals for which the SCPC is the official depository; all other material has been collected into CDGAs [United States] or CDGBs [foreign]. The designation "Absolutist" refers to those men in WWI or after who went to prison rather than join the military, cooperate with it in any way, or participate in alternative service

Papers of Conscientious Objectors

- Allen, Clifford (Baron Reginald Clifford Allen, Lord of Hurtwood) [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGB Great Britain) - Allinson, Brent Dow [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned in Fort Leavenworth from July 30, 1918 - 1921] (CDGA) - Andresen, Bent [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) [see also DG 056] - Andrews, Bennett & Florence [WWII C.O. & wife] (DG 209) - Anthony, Robert [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Ayres, Lew [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Baldwin, Roger Nash [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGA) [see also American Civil Liberties Union (CDGA); DG 022] - Baxter, Archibold [WWI C.O.; imprisoned in England] (New Zealand) [see also book collection for We Will Not Cease] - Benderman, Kevin [War on Iraq C.O. (former G.I.)] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 2004- ] - Berkowitz, Arthur [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Binford, Raymond [WWII C.O.; director of CPS camps 19 & 108] (CDGA) - Bing, Harold [WWI Absolutist; was imprisoned 2.5 years] (CDGB Great Britain) - Bishop, Corbett [WWII Absolutist; walked out of CPS; was imprisoned] (CDGA) [see also Albon P. Man Jr. (CDGA); DG 131] - Blood, Peter [Vietnam Conflict Absolutist] (CDGA) [see also Young Friends of North America: Committee on Conscription (DG 083)] - Blowen, John Mark [Vietnam Conflict Absolutist] (CDGA) - Bofman, Albert [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Braxton, John Worth [Vietnam Conflict Absolutist] (CDGA) - Briehl, Fred [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGA) - Bristol, James E. [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Brock, Peter [WWII Absolutist in Great Britain] (CDGB Canada) - Brockway, A. Fenner [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGB Great Britain) [see also DG 086] - Brooks, Arle [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Brooks, Robert Boland [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Cameron, Holland [WWI C.O.] (CDGA) - Catchpool, T. Corder [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned for over 2 years] (CDGB Great Britain) - Catlett, Richard R. [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Clark, Travis [War on Iraq C.O. (former G.I.)] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 2000-2003] - Coil, Tim [War on Iraq C.O. (former G.I.)] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 2004- ] - Combs, Justin [applied for C.O. status during War on Iraq, March 2003] (CDGA) - Conklin, Geoffrey R. [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Cooper, Dan [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (Elliston P. Morris (CDGA)] - Cooper, Samuel [WWII C.O.] (DG 056; includes correspondence from other C.O.s to Cooper) - Cope, Paul Markley [WWI C.O.] (CDGA) - Crabill, Jack A. [1957 re: ROTC training] [see Kenneth George Hanauer (CDGA)] - Craig, Glenn [War on Iraq C.O. (former G.I.)] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 2000-2003] - Cutler, Frederick [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] [see Albon P. Man Jr. (CDGA)] - Darnell, Emerson L. [WWII C.O.] [see DG 056] - Debs, Eugene [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGA) - Del Bourgo, David [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Delgado, Aidan [War on Iraq C.O. (former G.I.)] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 2004- ] - Dellinger, David [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] [see Albon P. Man Jr. (CDGA)] - DeRosa, Ulysses [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGA) - Dietrich, Albert [WWII C.O.] (CDGA [Albert & Frank Dietrich]) - DiGia, Ralph [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] [see Albon P. Man Jr. (CDGA)] - Doss, Desmond [WWII noncombatant (army medic)] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 2000-2003 [restrospective documentary done on his life]) - Doty, William Nye [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGA) [see also DG 131] - Dutch, George F. [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned for 3 years] (CDGB Great Britain) - Eaton, Robert [Vietnam Conflict Absolutist; was imprisoned] (CDGA) - Eichel, Albert [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] (DG 131) [see also DG 010; DG 022; Albon P. Man Jr. (CDGA)]; & drawing by Whitey Matysik in Oversize Items Collection: Graphics) - Eichel, David [WWI Absolutist; was imprisoned] (DG 131) - Eichel, Julius [WWI & WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned in both wars] (DG 131) - Eichel, Seymour [Absolutist C.O.; imprisoned in 1957; son of Julius Eichel] (DG 131) - Emerson, David [C.O., 1954] [see John Beer (CDGA, box 1)] - Emery Jr., Arthur [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) [see also DG 061, box 18; restricted] - Everson, William [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Fargas, Antonio John [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Farren, Patrick [Vietnam Conflict Absolutist] (CDGA) - Felmet, Joseph (WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Ferber, Michael [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Finch, Roy [WWII C.O.] (DG 195) - Friedrich, ____ [German pacifist in southern France, 1941] [see DG 043, Series B,5, box 55a] - Funk, Stephen Eagle [War on Iraq C.O. (former G.I.)] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 2000-2003] - Fuson, William M. [WWII C.O.] (see DG 056) - Gara, Larry [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA; see also DG 131; DG 135; Albon P. Man Jr. (CDGA); & drawing by Whitey Matysik in Oversize Items Collection: Graphics [graphic #0091]) - Garst, Merritt E. [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] [see DG 043, Series D: media coverage of WILPF, 1941] - Gesner, Norman B. [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] [see Albon P. Man Jr. (CDGA)] - Giese, Willis E. [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Glasgow, Miles G. [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Goddard, Ross [Vietnam Conflict Absolutist] (CDGA) - Guilbeaux, Henri [WWI C.O.] (CDGB France) - Gray, Harold Studley [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGA) - Griffin, Norman J. (WWII C.O.] [see DG 043, Series D: media coverage of WILPF, 1941] - Hain, Andrew [WWII C.O.] [see DG 043, Series B,5, box 53] - Hallett Jr., George H. [WWI C.O.] [see Morris, Elliston P. (CDGA)] - Hanauer, Kenneth George [1957 re: ROTC training] (CDGA) - Hassler, Alfred [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) [see also DG 013] - Hinzman, Jeremy [War on Iraq C.O. (former G.I.)] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 2004- ] - Hobhouse, Stephen [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGB Great Britain) - Hoffman, Wray [WWI C.O.; diary available] (CDGA) - Holland, Cameron [WWI C.O.] (CDGA) - Horowitz, Nathan [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] (CDGA) [see also Albon P. Man Jr. (CDGA)] - Horst, Peter Scott [C.O., 1957] (CDGA) - Hostetter, C. Douglas [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Hudson, James H., M.P. [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGB Great Britain) - Jägerstätter, Franz [WWII Absolutist; imprisoned in Berlin from March-Aug. 1943; executed on 08/09/1943 (CDGB Austria) - Jakobson, Arno Sascha [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Kantor, William M. [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGA) - Katz, Sander [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] (CDGA) - Kauten, Mathias [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Keith, Jeff [Vietnam Conflict Absolutist; was imprisoned] (CDGA) - Kepler, Roy C. [WWII C.O.] (DG 185) [see also DG 040] - Keyes, Gene [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Klimkewicz, David [War on Iraq C.O. (former G.I.)] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 2004- ] - Kuenning, Bill [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] [see Albon P. Man Jr. (CDGA)] - Larsen, Erik [Gulf War C.O.] (CDGA) [see also Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/ Objectors, Gulf War, 1990-1991] - Lauser, Wayne [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Lawson, Lloyd Odin [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 1960-1969) - Lewis, Frederic Martin [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Lunde, Erling H. [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGA) [see also DG 131] - Mager, Andy [1980s C.O.] (CDGA) - Man Jr. Albon P. [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] (CDGA) - Mecartney, John M. [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] [see Albon P. Man Jr. (CDGA)] - Mejia, Camilo [War on Iraq C.O. (former G.I.)] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 2004- ] - Mitchell, David [1960s C.O.] (CDGA) - Mitchell, Isaac [WWI C.O.] (CDGA) - Moore, Fred [Vietnam Conflict Absolutist] (CDGA) - Moray, Joseph [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Morel, E.D. [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGB Great Britain) [see also DG 057] - Morris, Elliston P. [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] (CDGA) - Morrison, David [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Mott, Jeremy H. [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Murphy, Stanley [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] (CDGA) [see also DG 010; DG 022] - Murray, Don [1957 C.O.] (CDGA) - Nelson, Ralph [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Nelson, Wallace Floyd [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Newman, Morton [WWII C.O.] [see DG 043, Series D: media coverage of WILPF, 1941 & Series B,5, box 53 ] - Norton, Edgar R. [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Over, Benjamin J. [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGB Great Britain) - Ovenson, Barney [WWII Absolutist (?)] (CDGA) - Palmer, T. Vail [1950 Absolutist] (CDGA) - Paredes, Pablo [War on Iraq C.O. (former G.I.)] (Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- U.S. Sources, 2004- ] - Peck, James [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] (CDGA) - Porchet, Robert [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] (CDGB France) [see also DG 117, Series E, box 8] - Richards, William & Arnold [WWII Absolutists] (CDGA) - Richardson, Channing B. [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) [see also DG 056] - Rodd, Thomas [Vietnam Conflict Absolutist] (CDGA) - Roodenko, Igal [WWII Absolutist] (DG 161) - Rustin, Bayard [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) [see also drawing by Whitey Matysik in Oversize Items Collection: Graphics [graphic #0102] - Satterthwait, Arnold [WWII C.O.] [see DG 043, Series B,5, box 53; see also DG 022] - Satterthwait Jr., Charles [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Schear, Rev. Lloyd [WWII C.O.] [see DG 043, Series B,5, box 53] - Schumacher, Charles [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Seeger, Daniel [Vietnam War Absolutist] (CDGA) [see also DG 065] - Seltzer, Chester E. [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] [see Albon P. Man Jr.(CDGA)] - Shapiro, Norbert [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Sidis, William James [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned] [see DG 131] - Smith, Charles David [WWII C.O.; participated in a CPS guinea pig experiment] (CDGA) - Stone, Oliver Ellis [WWII Absolutist; was imprisoned] [see DG 043, Series D: media coverage of WILPF, 1941] - Summers, Clyde Wilson [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Taylor, Louis [WWII C.O.; walked out of CPS; was imprisoned] (CDGA) [see also DG 010; DG 022] - Thomas, Evan [WWI C.O.; was imprisoned; brother of Norman Thomas] (CDGA) - Trainin, Isaac [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Turner, Sydney & Guy [WWI C.O.s] (CDGB Great Britain) - Vernier, Philippe [Absolutist C.O.; sentenced as a C.O. in 1933-1934 to 3 years imprisonment] (CDGB France) - Vlasits, George [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] [see North Carolina Student Committee Against the War (CDGA)] - Vrana, Rudolph J. [WWI C.O.; was court-martialed] (CDGA) - Walker, Charles [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Weber, Henry P. [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Weightman, Melvin Atwood [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Wellock, Wilfred, M.P. [WWI C.O.; imprisoned 2.5 years] (CDGB Great Britain) - Whitaker, Robert [WWI C.O.] (CDGA) [see also DG 122] - Whitehorn, Erik [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) - Whitney, Norman G. [WWII C.O.] (DG 061; restricted) - Wieck, David Thoreau [WWII Absolutist] (CDGA) - Wilder, Marshall [WWII C.O.] [see DG 043, Series B,5, box 52] - Wilhelm, Paul [WWII C.O.; was in CPS camps 3, 49 & 52] (CDGA) - Williams, Waldo [WWII C.O.] (CDGB Great Britain) - Willoughby, George [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) [see also DG 017; DG 062; DG 064; DG 072; DG 073; DG 093] - Young, Ron [Vietnam Conflict C.O.] (CDGA) [see also DG 013] - Zahn, Gordon C. [WWII C.O.] (CDGA) - Zimmerman, David Peter [Vietnam Conflict Absolutist] (CDGA)

- Periodicals The C.O. Clink Chronicle ["with which is incorporated the Canterbury Clinker, the Court Martial (Winchester), Instigilo (Dorchester), the Joyland Journal (Mountjoy, Dublin), the Lincoln Leader, the Literary Outlet (Birmingham and Hull), and the Walton Leader"], published by the National Labour Press Ltd., London, ca. 1917-1918 (Restricted Items [Foreign] Collection)

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Michael B. Loughlin Gustave Hervé’s Transition from Socialism to National Socialism: Continuity and Ambivalence Journal of Contemporary History Copyright © 2003 SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi, Vol 38(4), 515–538. [0022–0094(200310)38:4;515–538;036338]

Whilst looking through the wartime pages of the Socialist, I noticed some passages which may help to cast further light on the nationalism espoused by John Maclean just prior to forming the SWRP

Now I dont hold the line that Maclean only "adopted" nationalism as a tactic after his exclusion by the CP. I think it can be clearly seen in his reaction to the Home Rule Debate of 1910 etc. But, of that, more later.

The classic anti-imperialist tract before the outbreak of War was by Karl Liebnicht. But there was another, equally influential writer. Victore Herve, who provided the basis for discussions of Socialism/Nationalism amongst the SLP in Scotland before, and after the Great War

Herve developed the concept of "Antipatriotism" in a speech given "At The Close of His Trial for Anti-Militarism Before The Jury of La Seine, December 1905 (and variations). The earliest translation I have seen so far is by Solon De Leon in 1909. There was another by H(arry?) Beaumont of Bradford in 1910.

To Herve, there were two kinds of war "patriotic and anti-patriotic". The former declared that they would "defend the land of our birth...to the death" For the latter "regardless of who the aggressor appears to be... the proletariat of the belligerant counries should respond to the call to arms by an insurrection... to try each within his own boundaries to estrablish the Socialist or Communist regime"

This was the line taken by the SLP on the outbreak of War in 1914.[Nationalism and Internationalism; The Socialist Oct 1914. They cited lines from "Antimilitarism" but clearly meant "Antipatriotsim"]

Saying "had it been adopted by the International Socialist Movement would have made the outbreak of the present war the signal for an attempt to overthrow the capitalist system"

The SLP believed this to be the right course because although "War is regarded as the greatest curse that could affect humanity... But the ruling classes have no qualms about its use. For the furtherance of their own sordid ends they have plunged a continent into an orgy of savagery".

Surely we can hear an echo of Herve in Maclean' article "Now's the Time..." of 1919 when saying "The question for us in Britain is how we must act in playing our part in this world conflict" And answering "Some of us on the Clyde, therefore, think that we must adopt another line, and that is to save Russia by developing a revolution in Britain no later than this year" [Now's the Day and Now's the Hour(fragment); by John MacLean First published in The Call, January 23rd 1919 Transcribed for the Internet by the RCG, 30 March 1998.

Even more so when he responded to Erskine of Mair's request for Maclean's endorsement of a note to President Wilson for Scotland to be given Home Rule after the War;

"After pointing out that he is in favour of a Parliament or Soviet of workers for Scotland..and after further remarking that such a Soviet will not come into being 'through the negotiations of Scotsmen with the quack 'Peace Conference' about to be held in Paris but through the revolutionary efforts of the Scottish working class itself" ...mavlean says 'Were I to thank anyone for actual service rendered in the cause of Home Rule, I would certainly thank my glorious comrades Lenin and Trotsky. The only thanks they would appreciate would be the successful revolutionising of Scotland by its wage-slave class. My life has been spent in making for this goal, and this year I mean to do more than ever for the ending of capitalism in Scotland-- or elsewhere in the world-- and the establishment of the Socialist Republic, in which alne can we have real Home Rule" [The Call jan 9th 1919 p.5]

Despite some doubts expressed elsewhere, Maclean had a pretty good relationship with the SLP before, during, and after the war. It is sometimes overlooked that one of his earliest biographers was Tom Anderson.

Harry MacShane remembered Anderson as the printer used by most of the political groups in Glasgow. It is almost certain that he did the "Hands Off" Leaflet. It was also Anderson who printed the leaflet version of Man From Peterhead. He gave good and honest coverage of Maclean's funeral too. Publishing a couple of tribute songs too...

Just by coincidence, Anderson, after a brief period of co-operating with the CPGB, washed his hands of it and ended up with a Scottish Socialist Party!

Some of us on the Clyde, therefore, think that we must adopt another line, and that is to save Russia by developing a revolution in Britain no later than this year. We socialists know that the capitalists can only realise their profits by selling a great part of their goods abroad. We know that America is in exactly the same predicament as Britain, and we further know that America intends to assume the economic position in the world that Germany has just failed to attain. If it is true, as well-informed commercial papers assert, that in 1918 America built more ship-tons than Britain, we may take it that America is in a position to lick Britain in the 'navy race'.

In five years time such will be the glut of goods on the market that fear of revolution through unemployment and hunger may force these two powers into war. If capitalism lasts, then war is inevitable in five years; yes, and a war bloodier than the present war. Humanity is in a very tight corner, and so those who will be called on to kill in the next war will have to make up their minds whether they will accept the present wage-slavery with its murderous consequences or fight capitalism to death this year. The saving of one's life calls forth great exertion and it must be our business too see that the exertion is scientifically directed towards Social Democracy.

The catalogue records below were selected by a researcher using the British Library Integrated Catalogue.

E-mail: dj5dj@hotmail.co.uk

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Self, David. Poetry of World War I / (Thornes, c1989.) YC.1989.b.5344 (074870115X (pbk) :)

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British poets of the First World War / (British                         Council, 1988.) YC.1990.a.1297

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Giddings, Robert. The war poets / (London : Bloomsbury,                         1988.) YH.1989.b.128 (0747501459 :)

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Silkin, Jon. Out of battle : the poetry of the Great War / (London : Ark, 1987.) YC.1987.a.11670 (0744800668                         (pbk) :)

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Graham, Desmond, The truth of war : Owen, Blunden, Rosenberg / (Manchester : Carcanet, 1984.) X.950/31189 (0856354961 :)

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Press, John. Poets of World War 1 / (Windsor : Profile,                         1983.) WP.9502/280 (0853836086 (pbk) :)

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Lehmann, John, The English poets of the First World War / (London : Thames and Hudson, c1981) X.950/13186 (0500272670 (pbk) :)

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Poetry of the First World War : a casebook / (London :                         Macmillan, 1981.) 81/9218 (0333261216 (pbk) :)

X.950/4424 (0333261208 (cased) :)

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Lehmann, John, The English poets of the First World War / ([London] : Thames and Hudson, c1981.) X.950/7473 (0500012563 :)

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Schlesinger, G. Notes on the war poets / (London :                         Methuen Paperbacks, 1979.) X.958/2712 (0417216505 (pbk)                          :)

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LoÌˆschnigg, Martin. Der Erste Weltkrieg in deutscher und englischer Dichtung. (Heidelberg : Winter, 1994.) 11823.t3/134 (3825301095)

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Self, David. Poetry of World War I / (Thornes, c1989.) YC.1989.b.5344 (074870115X (pbk) :)

__________________

British poets of the First World War / (British                         Council, 1988.) YC.1990.a.1297

__________________

Giddings, Robert. The war poets / (London : Bloomsbury,                         1988.) YH.1989.b.128 (0747501459 :)

__________________

Silkin, Jon. Out of battle : the poetry of the Great War / (London : Ark, 1987.) YC.1987.a.11670 (0744800668                         (pbk) :)

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Graham, Desmond, The truth of war : Owen, Blunden, Rosenberg / (Manchester : Carcanet, 1984.) X.950/31189 (0856354961 :)

__________________

Press, John. Poets of World War 1 / (Windsor : Profile,                         1983.) WP.9502/280 (0853836086 (pbk) :)

__________________

Lehmann, John, The English poets of the First World War / (London : Thames and Hudson, c1981) X.950/13186 (0500272670 (pbk) :)

__________________

Poetry of the First World War : a casebook / (London :                         Macmillan, 1981.) 81/9218 (0333261216 (pbk) :)

X.950/4424 (0333261208 (cased) :)

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Lehmann, John, The English poets of the First World War / ([London] : Thames and Hudson, c1981.) X.950/7473 (0500012563 :)

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Schlesinger, G. Notes on the war poets / (London :                         Methuen Paperbacks, 1979.) X.958/2712 (0417216505 (pbk)                          :)

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LoÌˆschnigg, Martin. Der Erste Weltkrieg in deutscher und englischer Dichtung. (Heidelberg : Winter, 1994.) 11823.t3/134 (3825301095)

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Self, David. Poetry of World War I / (Thornes, c1989.) YC.1989.b.5344 (074870115X (pbk) :)

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British poets of the First World War / (British                         Council, 1988.) YC.1990.a.1297

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Giddings, Robert. The war poets / (London : Bloomsbury,                         1988.) YH.1989.b.128 (0747501459 :)

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Silkin, Jon. Out of battle : the poetry of the Great War / (London : Ark, 1987.) YC.1987.a.11670 (0744800668                         (pbk) :)

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Graham, Desmond, The truth of war : Owen, Blunden, Rosenberg / (Manchester : Carcanet, 1984.) X.950/31189 (0856354961 :)

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Press, John. Poets of World War 1 / (Windsor : Profile,                         1983.) WP.9502/280 (0853836086 (pbk) :)

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Lehmann, John, The English poets of the First World War / (London : Thames and Hudson, c1981) X.950/13186 (0500272670 (pbk) :)

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Poetry of the First World War : a casebook / (London :                         Macmillan, 1981.) 81/9218 (0333261216 (pbk) :)

X.950/4424 (0333261208 (cased) :)

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Lehmann, John, The English poets of the First World War / ([London] : Thames and Hudson, c1981.) X.950/7473 (0500012563 :)

__________________

Schlesinger, G. Notes on the war poets / (London :                         Methuen Paperbacks, 1979.) X.958/2712 (0417216505 (pbk)                          :)

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Spear, Hilda D. Remembering, we forget : a background study to the poetry of the First World War / (London :                         Davis-Poynter, 1979.) X.989/54189 (0706702352 :)

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Silkin, Jon. Out of battle : the poetry of the Great War / (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1978.) X.908/41493 (0192812254 (pbk) :)

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Gregson, J. M. Poetry of the First World War / (London                         : Edward Arnold, 1976.) 011879.de.2/64 (0713159316)

(0713159308 :)

System number       007553918

Author - personal   Bewsher, Paul.

Title               Dawn Patrol, and other poems of an aviator / Paul Bewsher.

Publisher/year      [S.l.] : Erskine Macdonald, 1917.

Holdings note       Lending Collection W18/4806 missing

Shelfmark           W18/4806

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System number       007553919

Author - personal   Bewsher, Paul.

Title               "Green balls" : the adventures of a night-bomber / Paul Bewsher.

Publisher/year      [S.l.] : William Blackwood, 1919.

Shelfmark           X22/4672

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Abstracts as promised;

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CO VERSE;

There have been countless anthologies containing the WW1. Most reprint the verses of public schoolboys who served a period in the trenches and were horrified by what they saw. Two great gaps remain in the literary canon.

Little has, so far, surfaced from the ordinary soldier, the conscripts who suffered the full horror of the war. Also ignored is the work of those who opposed the war more directlly, the socialists, pacifists and anarchists who, as a matter of principle refused to serve in the armed forces. It is their poetry with which I am concerned.

Edmund Blunden suggests that it was Passchendale that prompted disillusionment with the First World War. Yet, whilst the majority of the Parliamentary Labour Party joined the War effort, there were socialists, anarchists, pacifists and Liberals who opposed the conflict from its outbreak.

It was in their journals that arguments against war were first articulated. (The leading Radical editor of the time was quietly coerced into a reluctant 'neutrality') And it was in these papers and magazines that the first vocal attacks on the War was made. From them too, come the first anti-war poems and songs of the period.

As the conflict dreagged on, the need for cannon-fodder drew religious pacifists into closer conflict with the state> They too published verse opposing the slaughter.

The introduction of conscription increased the number of Conscientious Objector Prisoners. In jail, they carried on their struggle through clandestine journals. These, naturally, reflected the conditions under which they were held. The younger writers pioneered in their poetry a realism that was not to been fully seen in general poetic use until a generation later.

Few, if any of the anti-war poets established a literary reputation. They are rarely found in subsequent collections. Nevertheless, they were part of a poetic tradition that stretched from the continulal warfare of the eighteenth century.

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THE NEW LEADER

The newsaper of the ILP was reorganised under the editorship of HN Brailsford in 1923. It became, for a few years, the one major journal of the left to devote considerable attention to art and poetry.

Its achievements in these fields were considerable. Several major poets and artists graced its pages, a few of whom are in the process of revival. Their politics, needless to say, are barely noticed.

Yet despite Brailsford's brace attempt, his wish to give the left a 'quality' liteary journal failed. The poets he engaged to write for the New Leader were almost exclusivelly of an earlier era. Grounded in the Georgianism of the pre-war era. their pastoral inclinations sat ill with industrial politicians.

This was, perhaps, inevitable, given that Brailsford had recruited much of his talent from the ranks of Liberalism. Chiefly, writers previously associated with Massingham's Nation. Brailsford's successors in the editorial chair were less interested in the arts, and thus their linfluence on the literary side of the paper was more haphazard. A boost was given to the poetry after the amalgamation of the Leader with Lansbury's Weekly. That brought Joe Corrie into the Leader's pages.

Yet good, and occasionally innovative work did appear in the latter half of the 1920's. From Claude Flight and Arthur T Hagg in particular. In contrast, the publications of the Communist Party were virtually barren of literature until the 1930's.

There was much good poetry in the Leader, from some very fine poets and critics. It was regarded very highly by contemporaries. One or two writers became major literary figures after they left the paper.

The Leader's artists, particularly those whose work appeared in the Brailsford years, ought to be reclaimed as part of a socialist culture that seems to have all but disappeared now.

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Thanks

J

uGmQ40ac

Swain, Charles, 1801-1874: WHAT IS NOBLE? [from Dryburgh Abbey (1868)]

1         What is noble?---to inherit 2            Wealth, estate, and proud degree?--- 3         There must be some other merit 4            Higher yet than these for me!--- 5         Something greater far must enter 6            Into life's majestic span, 7         Fitted to create and centre 8            True nobility in man.

9         What is noble?---'tis the finer 10          Portion of our mind and heart, 11       Link'd to something still diviner 12          Than mere language can impart:

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13       Ever prompting---ever seeing 14          Some improvement yet to plan; 15       To uplift our fellow being, 16          And, like man, to feel for man!

17       What is noble?---is the sabre 18          Nobler than the humble spade?--- 19       There's a dignity in labour, 20          Truer than e'er Pomp arrayed! 21       He who seeks the Mind's improvement 22          Aids the world in aiding Mind! 23       Every great commanding movement 24          Serves not one, but all mankind.

25       O'er the Forge's heat and ashes,--- 26          O'er the Engine's iron head,--- 27       Where the rapid shuttle flashes, 28          And the spindle whirls its thread: 29       There is labour, lowly tending 30          Each requirement of the hour,--- 31       There is genius, still extending 32          Science, and its world of power!

33       'Mid the dust, and speed, and clamour, 34          Of the loom-shed and the mill; 35       'Midst the clink of wheel and hammer, 36          Great results are growing still! 37       Though too oft, by Fashion's creatures, 38          Work and workers may be blamed, 39       Commerce need not hide its features,--- 40          Industry is not ashamed!

[Page 17 ]

41       What is noble?---that which places 42          Truth in its enfranchised will, 43       Leaving steps,---like angel-traces, 44          That mankind may follow still! 45       E'en though Scorn's malignant glances 46          Prove him poorest of his clan, 47       He's the Noble---who advances 48          Freedom, and the Cause of Man!