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The demographics of Ukraine include statistics on population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population of Ukraine.

The data in this article are based on the 2001 Ukrainian census which is the most recent, the CIA World Factbook, and the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. The next census was scheduled to take place in 2020 but was postponed to 2023.

On 1 January 2022 the total population of Ukraine was estimated to be 41,167,336, excluding the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol, which were annexed by Russia in 2014. (If these two territories are included in the demographics of Ukraine, the population rises by approximately 2.25 million, to 43.4 million). During the War in Donbas, the Ukrainian Government also lost control of portions of the Donbas region, including major cities such as Luhansk, Donetsk, and Horlivka. If the populations of these cities are subtracted from Ukraine's current demographics, the total population of Ukraine falls below 40 million. Also, due to the Russian invasion, more than 6 million have left the country. In January 2020, an electronic census estimated that the population of Ukraine (excluding occupied Crimea and parts of the Donbas), to be 37.3 million.

Current vital statistics
Note: Starting 2014 territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone are not included in Demographics of Ukraine. These territories are included to the Demographics of Russia. All data from State Statistics Service of Ukraine.



Life expectancy at birth

 * total population: 71.37 years
 * male: 66.34 years
 * female: 76.22 years (2013 official)

Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.

Total fertility rate

 * 6.00 children born/woman (1913 est.)
 * 5.39 children born/woman (1925 est.)
 * 1.08 children born/woman (2001)
 * 1.46 children born/woman (2011)
 * 1.53 children born/woman (2012)
 * 1.21 children born/woman (2018)

In 2001 Ukraine recorded the lowest fertility rate ever recorded in Europe for an independent country: 1.08 child/woman. During this year the number of children born was less than half of that born in 1987 and less than a quarter of that born in 1937. Lower rates were recorded only in former East Germany, which registered 0.77 child/woman in 1994, as well as Taiwan (from 2008 to 2010), South Korea in 2018 and both Hong Kong and Macau (from about 2000 to 2010). After neglect by the Kuchma administration, both the Yushchenko and the Yanukovych governments have made increasing the birth rate a priority.

Birth data by oblast
Note: Recent data for Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts has been affected by the War in Donbass, and may only include births within the government-held parts of the oblasts.

Year in review 2013
Compared to 2012, amount of attrition increased by 16,278 persons, or 3.1 to 3.5 persons per 1,000 inhabitants real. Natural decrease was observed in 23 oblasts of the country, while natural increases were recorded only in the capital Kyiv, Zakarpattia, Rivne and Volyn oblast (respectively 5,302, 3,689, 2,889 and 1,034 people).

Some regions registered a low natural decline, such as Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Sevastopol, Lviv, Ternopil, Crimea, Kherson and Odesa (respectively, −55, −642, −863, −2,124, −2,875, −2,974, −3,748 and −4,448 people). The largest declines were recorded in Donetsk, Luhansk, Dnipro, Kharkiv, Poltava and Chernihiv (respectively −28,311, −15,291, −15,007, −12,765, −10,062 and −10,057), regions which have in common a low birth rate and high mortality of a large urban population and a strong rural population aging.

Net migration rate
-5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015).

Infant mortality rate

 * 9.1 deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,564 deaths. (2010)
 * 9.0 deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,511 deaths. (2011)
 * 8.4 deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,371 deaths. (2012)
 * 8.0 deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,030 deaths. (2013)
 * 8.9 deaths/1,000 infants live births for 2,193 death for January–June 2011
 * 8.6 deaths/1,000 infants live births for 2,190 death for January–June 2012
 * 7.8 deaths/1,000 infants live births for 1,993 deaths for January–June 2013

Total fertility rate by oblast
Although none of the oblasts in 2013 has recorded a higher fertility rate 2.10 children per woman. However, the rate has been in rural areas in the Rivne Oblast (2.50) and the Volyn Oblast (2.20). While a very close generational renewal rate was achieved in the Odesa Oblast (2.04), Zakarpattia Oblast (2.00), Mykolaiv Oblast (1.95), Chernivtsi Oblast (1.93) and Zhytomyr Oblast (1.91) weaker when they have been recorded in the Luhansk oblast (1.41), Sumy oblast (1.47) and Cherkasy Oblast (1.53).

The fertility rate of the highest urban areas were recorded in the Zakarpattia Oblast (1.80), the city of Sevastopol (1.57), Volyn Oblast (1.56), Kyiv Oblast (1.56) and the Rivne Oblast (1.54). The lowest rates were recorded in the Sumy Oblast (1.23), Kharkiv Oblast (1.26), Cherkasy Oblast (1.28), Chernihiv Oblast (1.28), Chernivtsi Oblast (1.28), Luhansk oblast (1.28), Poltava oblast (1.29), Donetsk oblast (1.29) and Zaporizhzhia Oblast (1.32).

Other demographics statistics


Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.


 * One birth every 1 minutes
 * One death every 48 seconds
 * Net loss of one person every 2 minutes
 * One net migrant every 30 minutes

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.


 * Population:
 * 43,952,299 (July 2018 est.)
 * 44,033,874 (July 2017 est.)
 * 45,426,249 (1 January 2013)


 * Age structure:
 * 0-14 years: 15.95% (male 3,609,386 /female 3,400,349)
 * 15-24 years: 9.57% (male 2,156,338 /female 2,047,821)
 * 25-54 years: 44.03% (male 9,522,108 /female 9,831,924)
 * 55-64 years: 13.96% (male 2,638,173 /female 3,499,718)
 * 65 years and over: 16.49% (male 2,433,718 /female 4,812,764) (2018 est.)


 * 0-14 years: 15.76% (male 3,571,358/female 3,366,380)
 * 15-24 years: 9.86% (male 2,226,142/female 2,114,853)
 * 25-54 years: 44.29% (male 9,579,149/female 9,921,387)
 * 55-64 years: 13.8% (male 2,605,849/female 3,469,246)
 * 65 years and over: 16.3% (male 2,409,049/female 4,770,461) (2017 est.)


 * 0–14 years: 15.1% = 6,449,171 (2015 official.)
 * 15–64 years: 69.3% = 29,634,710
 * 65 years and over: 15.6% = 6,675,780


 * 0–14 years: 14.8% = 6,989,802
 * 15–64 years: 69.2% = 32,603,475
 * 65 years and over: 16.0% = 7,507,185 (2005 official.)


 * 0–14 years: 21.6% = 11,101,469
 * 15–64 years: 66.7% = 34,320,742
 * 65 years and over: 11.7% = 6,022,934 (1989 official.)


 * Median age:
 * total: 40.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 47th
 * male: 37.7 years
 * female: 43.9 years (2018 est.)


 * total: 40.6 years
 * male: 37.4 years
 * female: 43.7 years (2017 est.)


 * total: 39.8 years
 * male: 39.7 years
 * female: 40.1 years (2014 official)
 * total: 39.7 years
 * male: 39.5 years
 * female: 40.1 years (2013 official)
 * total: 34.8 years
 * male: 31.9 years
 * female: 37.7 years (1989 official)


 * Birth rate:
 * 10.1 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 190th
 * 10.3 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)


 * Death rate:
 * 14.3 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 6th
 * 14.4 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)


 * Total fertility rate:
 * 1.55 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 190th
 * 1.54 children born/woman (2017 est.)


 * Net migration rate:
 * 4.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th
 * 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)


 * Mother's mean age at first birth:
 * 24.9 years (2014 est.)


 * Population growth rate:
 * 0.04% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 187th
 * -0.41% (2017 est.)


 * Life expectancy at birth:
 * total population: 72.4 years. Country comparison to the world: 148th
 * male: 67.7 years
 * female: 77.4 years (2018 est.)

Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 est.)
 * Ethnic groups:

Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldovan/Romanian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.)
 * Languages:

Note: in February 2018, the Constitutional Court ruled that 2012 language legislation entitling a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of "regional language" – allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions – was unconstitutional, thus making the law invalid; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide

Orthodox (includes Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox (UAOC), Ukrainian Orthodox – Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP), Ukrainian Orthodox – Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish
 * Religions:

Note: Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority – up to two-thirds – identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the UOC-KP and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8–10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1–2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population (2013 est.)


 * Dependency ratios
 * total dependency ratio: 44.8 (2015 est.)
 * youth dependency ratio: 21.8 (2015 est.)
 * elderly dependency ratio: 23 (2015 est.)
 * potential support ratio: 4.3 (2015 est.)
 * note: data include Crimea


 * Urbanization:
 * urban population: 69.4% of total population (2018)
 * rate of urbanization: -0.33% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
 * Literacy:
 * total population: 99.8%
 * male: 99.8%
 * female: 99.7% (2015 est.)


 * School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
 * total: 15 years
 * male: 15 years
 * female: 16 years (2014)


 * Unemployment, youth ages 15–24:
 * total: 23%. Country comparison to the world: 53rd
 * male: 24%
 * female: 21.5% (2016 est.)

Ethnic groups
In 2001, the ethnic composition was: Ukrainians 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Romanian 1.1% (including Moldovan 0.8%), Belarusian 0.6%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 1.0%, Pontic Greeks 0.2% and other 1.6% (including Muslim Bulgarians, otherwise known as Torbesh and a microcosm of Swedes of Gammalsvenskby). It is also estimated that there are about 49,817 ethnic Koreans (0.12%) in Ukraine that belong to the Koryo-saram group. Their number may be as high as 100.000 as many ethnic Koreans were assimilated into the majority population.





Languages
According to the latest census that took place, the following languages are common in Ukraine Ukrainian 67.5%, Russian 29.6%, Crimean Tatar, Urum (Turkic Greeks), Bulgarian, Moldovan/Romanian, Polish, Hungarian. The below table gives the total population of various ethnic groups in Ukraine and the primary language, according to the 2001 census.

Religion
A 2016 survey conducted by the Razumkov Centre found that 70% of the population declared themselves believers in any religion, while 6.3% declared themselves non-believers, and 2.7% declared to be atheists. Of the total Ukrainian population, 81.9% declared to be Christians, comprising a 63.4% who declared to be Orthodox, 8.5% Greek Rite Catholics, 7.1% simply Christians, 1.9% Protestants, and 1.0% Latin Rite Catholics. Islam comprises 2% of the population, while Judaism was the religion of 0.2% of the population.

According to data from 2008 among those Ukrainians who declared to believe in Orthodoxy, 38.1% declared to be members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate (being incorporated as of the 5 January 2019 into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine), while 23.0% declared to be members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscovian Patriarchate (which is an autonomous Orthodox church under the Russian Orthodox Church). A further 2.7% were members of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, which, like the Kyivan Patriarchate, where incorporated in 2019 into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Among the remaining Orthodox Ukrainians, 32.3% declared to be "simply Orthodox", without affiliation to any patriarchate, while a further 3.1% declared that they "did not know" which patriarchate or Orthodox church they belonged to.

Regional differences in population change
Between the Soviet census of 1989 and the Ukrainian census of 2001, Ukraine's population declined from 51,706,600 to 48,457,020, a loss of 2,926,700 people or 5.7% of the 1989 population. However, this trend has been quite uneven and varied regionally. Two regions in western Ukraine — Rivne and Zakarpattia, saw slight population increases of 0.3% and 0.5% respectively. A third western Ukrainian region, Volyn, lost less than 0.1% of its population between 1989 and 2001. Collectively, between 1989 and 2001 the seven westernmost regions of Ukraine lost 167,500 people or 1.7% of their 1989 population. The total population of these regions in 2001 was 9,593,800.

Between 1989 and 2001, the population of Kyiv City increased by 0.3% due to positive net-migration. Outside the capital, the central, southern and eastern regions experienced a severe decline in population. Between 1989 and 2001, the Donetsk region lost 491,300 people or 9.2% of its 1989 population, and neighbouring Luhansk region lost 11% of its population. Chernihiv region, in central Ukraine northeast of Kyiv, lost 170,600 people or 12% of its 1989 population, the highest percentage loss in of any region in Ukraine. In southern Ukraine, Odesa region lost 173,600 people, or 6.6% of its 1989 population. By 2001, Crimea's population declined by 29,900 people, representing only 1.4% loss of the 1989 population.

However, this was due to the influx of approximately 200,000 Crimean Tatars – a number equivalent to approximately 10% of Crimea's 1989 population – who arrived in Crimea after 1989 and whose population in that region increased by a factor of 6.4 from 38,000 to 243,400 between 1989 and 2001. Collectively, the net population loss in the regions of Ukraine outside the westernmost regions was 2,759,200 people or 6.6% of the 1989 population. The total population of these regions in 2001 was 39,186,100.

Thus, from 1989–2001 the pattern of population change was one of slight growth in Kyiv, slight declines in western Ukraine, large declines in eastern, central and southern Ukraine and a relatively small decline in Crimea due to a large influx of Crimean Tatars.

Regional differences in birth and fertility rates
Ukraine's total fertility rate is one of the lowest in Europe. However, significant regional differences in birth rates may account for some of the demographic differences. In the third quarter of 2007, for instance, the highest birth rate among Ukrainian regions occurred in Volyn Oblast, with a birth rate of 13.4/1,000 people, compared to the Ukrainian country-wide average of 9.6/1,000 people. Volyn's birthrate is higher than the average birth rate of any European country with the exceptions of Iceland and Albania.

In 2007, for the first time since 1990, five Ukrainian regions (Zakarpattia Oblast, Rivne Oblast, Volyn Oblast, Lviv Oblast, and Kyiv Oblast) experienced more births than deaths. This demonstrates a positive trend of increasing birthrates in the last couple of years throughout Ukraine. The ratio of births to deaths in those regions in 2007 was 119%, 117%, 110%, 100.7%, and 108%, respectively.

With the exception of Kyiv region, all of the regions with more births than deaths were in the less industrially developed regions of western Ukraine. According to a spokesperson for Ukraine's Ministry of Justice, the overall ratio of births to deaths in Ukraine had improved from 1 to 1.7 in 2004–2005 to 1 to 1.4 in 2008. However, the worst birth to death ratios in the country were in the eastern and central oblasts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Cherkasy and Poltava. In these regions, for every birth there were 2.1 deaths.

Notably, western Ukraine never experienced the Holodomor, as Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Romania ruled it at the time, helping to explain the better demographics there, as the rural population was never devastated. Specifically, during the time of the Holodomor, Poland ruled Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Ternopil, and Volyn Oblasts, whereas Zakarpattia Oblast was under Czechoslovak rule, and Romania controlled Chernivtsi Oblast and the Budjak section of Odesa Oblast.

Abortion behavior in the North, South, East and Center regions of Ukraine are relatively homogeneous while the Western region differs greatly. Overall, the abortion rate in western Ukraine is three times lower than in other regions; however this is not due to an increased use of modern contraceptive methods in the West, but simply due to the fact that pregnant women in the Western regions are more likely to keep their babies. Donetsk and Dniproptrovsk oblasts in eastern and central Ukraine have the country's highest rate of abortions.

Regional differences and death rates and health
Death rates also vary widely by region; Eastern and southern Ukraine have the highest death rates in the country, and the life expectancy for children born in Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kherson, Kropyvnytskyi, Luhansk, Mikolaiv, and Odesa regions is 1.5 years lower than the national average.

Ukraine had a suicide rate of 16.5 per 100,000 population in 2017, a significant decrease from the suicide rate of 29.6 per 100,000 in 1998. Suicides are more frequent in the central part of the country (the highest suicide rates was in Kirovohrad Oblast; In western Ukraine, the suicide rate was lower than the national average. Lviv Oblast has the lowest suicide rate – 5.3

The Southern and eastern Ukrainian regions also suffer from the highest rates of HIV and AIDS, which impacts life expectancy. In late 2000, 60% of all AIDS cases in Ukraine were concentrated in the Odesa, Dnipropetrovsk, and Donetsk regions. A major reason for this is the fact that the urbanized and industrialized regions in the East and South of Ukraine suffered most from the economic crisis in the 1990s, which in turn led to the spread of unemployment, alcoholism, and drug abuse, thus setting the conditions for wider spread of the epidemic.

Regional differences in income
The western and central regions of Ukraine had lower GDP per capita than Kyiv and the industrialized eastern regions of Ukraine. In December 2019 the average monthly salary in Ukraine was 12,264 hryvnias (or 519 US dollars). Chernihiv oblast (northern Ukraine) and Kirovohrad Oblast (central Ukraine), had the lowest monthly salary of 8,851 and 9,450 hryvnias, respectively. In contrast, the monthly wage in the city of Kyiv was 18,869 hryvnias per month, and in Kyiv oblast – 13,259 per month. In 2013, outside of the capital city of Kyiv, the wealthiest region was Donetsk Oblast with annual income 31,048 hryvnias. But as of 2017, Donetsk Oblast ranks as the second poorest after Luhansk Oblast with annual incomes 25,278 hryvnias and 16,416 hryvnias respectively. Both are in the eastern Ukraine and have sustained direct losses as a consequence of military actions.

Ukraine recorded one of the sharpest declines in poverty of any transition economy in 2001–2016 years. The poverty rate, measured against an absolute poverty line (below $1.25 per day in dollars, based on World Bank) fell from a high of 32 percent in 2001 to 8 percent in 2005. In terms of poverty rates, the central and northern regions have the country's highest poverty rates – 10.0%. The western and southern regions – 9.1% and 9% respectively. Kyiv City had the lowest poverty rate – 1.4%. Percent of population living under $5.50 a day was 19% in 2005 and dropped to 4.0 percent in 2018.

Emigration
Ukraine is the major source of migrants in Russia and many of the member states of the European Union. During the 1990s and early 2000s, Ukraine's sputtering economy and political instability contributed to rising emigration, especially to nearby Russia, Poland and Hungary, but also to other countries like Italy, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, Israel and Canada. Although estimates vary, approximately two to three million Ukrainian citizens are currently working abroad, most of them illegally, in construction, service, housekeeping, and agriculture industries. Eastern Ukrainians are likely to immigrate to Russia while western Ukrainians are likely to move to the E.U.

Between 1991 and 2004, the government counted 2,537,400 individuals who emigrated; 1,897,500 moved to other post-Soviet states, and 639,900 moved to other, mainly Western, states.

By the early 2000s, Ukrainian embassies reported that 300,000 Ukrainian citizens were working in Poland, 200,000 in Italy, approximately 200,000 in the Czech Republic, 150,000 in Portugal, 100,000 in Spain, 35,000 in Turkey, 20,000 in the United States and small significant numbers in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. The largest number of Ukrainian workers abroad, about one million, are in the Russian Federation. Since 1992, 232,072 persons born in Ukraine have emigrated to the US.

From the point of view of the economic impact on natives, more appropriate than the absolute numbers is the volume of immigration as a proportion of the native population. Italy has the highest rate of Ukrainian emigrants as a proportion of the native population, while the much larger Russia has the largest absolute confirmed number of Ukrainian emigrants (leaving aside Poland, Portugal and the Czech Republic, for which there is conflicting data).