User:Hjamesberglen/sandbox

Ignore all rules

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SMU
The hazel nut is associated with wisdom in Celtic folklore. . There are three displayed on the shield representing three predecessor institutions the Swansea Municipal School of Art and Crafts, the Swansea Training College and Swansea Technical College. The owl of the crest also represents wisdom. The chaplet of oak leaves held by the owl represents aspiration and achievement. The green, white and red colours link to the flag of Wales.

Central Foundation Girls’ School
The Central Foundation Girls’ School is one of the oldest schools in London and has its roots in the City of London. The original Bishopsgate Ward School in St. Botolph’s Without Bishopsgate was founded in 1726 to provide education for the children of Huguenot refugees from the religious persecutions in France who had settled in the East End of London. From the mid-1700s to 1772 the school was based in various locations, including the Fanmakers’ Hall, St. Botolph’s Churchyard and buildings around what is now Liverpool Street Station

In 1891 the Middle Class School took over the Bishopsgate Ward School in the City of London. A separate Girls’ School was set up in Spital Square and the boys incorporated in the existing Boys’ School with a new Charter being granted and the schools being renamed the Central Foundation Schools of London.

Both Boys’ and Girls’ Schools remained academically selective and fee paying until the 1945 Education Act compelled all schools to become primarily state funded or to become entirely financially independent. Central Foundation lacked sufficient financial endowment to become fully independent and in 1945 abolished fees and became state funded. In 1975 the Girls’ School was moved from their very overcrowded school site in Spital Square to refurbished buildings in Bow, further east of London, and the Trustees, under funding pressure from the Inner London Education Authority, agreed to accept a comprehensive all-ability intake for both schools and the Girls’ School became voluntary controlled.

Prior to 1975, both Schools were governed by a combined Trustee and Governing Body. Trustees are appointed by various nominating bodies such as the University of London, the London Chamber of Commerce, the Wardmote of the Ward of Bishopsgate, the Bank of England, the Corporation of the City of London, The Dulwich Estate and the Vestry of St. Botolph’s Church without Bishopsgate. Additional Trustees, selected for their expertise and notability, are co-opted as required. The Lord Mayor of London is a patron.

Fernande Olivier
In the spring and summer of 1906, following some sales of artwork, the couple were able to finance a trip to Barcelona and to the remote village of Gósol in the Spanish Pyrenees. In Barcelona Fernande was introduced to Picasso's family and local friends. In Gósol Picasso worked prolifically including executing several portraits of Fernande.

Definition
The independent schools' representative body, the Independent Schools Information Service (ISIS), defined public schools as long-established, student-selective, fee-charging independent secondary schools that cater primarily for children aged between 11 or 13 and 18, and whose head teacher is a member of the Headmasters' Conference (HMC).

Examples include Brighton having affiliates in Abu Dhabi, Bangkok, Dubai and Singapore; Bromsgrove in Bangkok; Cranleigh in Abu Dhabi; Dulwich in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Seoul, Shuzou, Xi'an and Singapore; Epsom in Malaysia; Harrow in Bangkok, Beijing and Hong Kong; Haileybury in Almaty and Astana; King's College School in Bangkok and Hangzhou King's College Taunton in Doha; Marlborough in Malaysia; Repton in Dubai; Sherborne in Doha; Shrewsbury in Bangkok; Wellington in Bangkok, Hangzhou, Tianjin and Shanghai.

Comparison to prisons
Public schools have been light-heartedly compared by their pupils or ex-pupils to prisons. O. G. S. Crawford stated that he had been "far less unhappy" when incarcerated in Holzminden prisoner-of-war camp during the First World War than he had previously been at his public school, Marlborough College. Evelyn Waugh observed in his satirical novel Decline and Fall (1928) that "anyone who has been to an English public school will always feel comparatively at home in prison". Former Cabinet Minister Jonathan Aitken, sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment for perjury in 1999, commented in an interview: "As far as the physical miseries go, I am sure I will cope. I lived at Eton in the 1950s and I know all about life in uncomfortable quarters."

Other popular culture
During the interwar years public schools featured in cigarette card series. W.D. & H.O. Wills (Wills Cigarettes) published in 1927 a series of 25 illustrations entitled "Public Schools". The same company in 1933/34 issued two series, each 25 cards, of the leading schools' coats of arms.

"The Eton Rifles", a 1979 pop music single recorded by The Jam was a UK top ten hit. The lyrics describe social class conflict.

Former schools
The school can trace its origin back to 1894 when following the Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889 an Intermediate and Technical School for 200 scholars was established to serve the population of Neath. The names Neath Boys Grammar School and Neath Girls Grammar School were adopted following the post-war introduction of the tri-partite education system. Prior to this the schools had the name 'county school' as they were administered by the local (county) authority. In 1953, also under the tri-partite education system, Rhydhir Secondary Modern School was established. Neath Boys Grammar School was noted for producing many well-known rugby players and for its music (in particular an orchestra composed of now very successful and notable musicians). Neath Girls' Grammar School was also notable for its music and the achievements of its alumnae. The grammar school motto was Gorau Arf, Arf Dysg ('The best weapon is the weapon of learning')

County School
The Education Act 1902 abolished school boards, transferring their functions to counties and boroughs acting as local education authorities. The board schools were thus renamed county schools. The act also introduced county secondary schools, which were greatly expanded during the 20th century. . Prior to the changes introduced in the Education Act 1944 the county secondary schools provided a grammar school type education to a small sector of the school age population. The majority of children were educated in an elementary school until the then school leaving age of 14. The name 'county school' was prestigious and remained in common usage to describe local grammar schools after 1944. Many schools retain the word 'county' in their name whether still under local authority control or moved to academy status. Examples include Chelmsford County High School for Girls, Enfield County School, Ilford County High School, Guildford County School, Wallington County Grammar School

School Standards and Framework Act 1998
Local authority maintained schools were renamed community schools in the School Standards and Framework Act 1998. In 2008 approximately 61% of the state-funded primary and secondary schools in England were community schools.

The Russian Girl
The Russian Girl (ISBN 0091745365) is a 1992 comedy novel by Kingsley Amis published by Hutchinson & Co.

Plot
Set in the early nineties the novel describes in comic detail events set in train by the arrival in London of Russian poet Anna Danilova. Richard Vaisey, Anna's sponsor and soon to be lover is a middle aged academic, a professor of Slavonic studies not so happily married to wife Cordelia. Anna's youth and charm is what attracts Richard, not her poetry which he regards as doggerel. Anna attempts to portray her would be oligarch brother, in legal trouble in Russia, as a dissident in order to elicit support from the London literatti. Comedy of course ensues in Cordelia's response to Richard's infatuation and in the interaction of the latter with other minor charaters.

Reception
The novel was in general very favourably reviewed. The New York Times describing it as '"more of a good wine, vintage Amis: smooth, dry and not overpriced." The Los Angeles Times called it "a wonderful new concert of plot and language that provokes both belly laughs and twinges of discomfort". Kirkus Reviews described it thus: "Vintage Amis — as divisive, compelling, and hilarious as the Bobbitt trial". .Publishers Weekly however described the novel as "only fitfully amusing".

Curriculum
The almost exclusive teaching of grammar (Latin and to a lesser extent ancient Greek) prevailed until well into the 19th century. Most schools were legally obliged to do so by the terms of their original endowment. As a response to the perceived need to modernise such a curriculum in line with commercial needs, the Grammar School Act 1840 was passed. This allowed schools to make an application to a court of law (rather than Parliament) to deviate from the wishes of the original founder and teach 'other branches of literature and science'. The new public schools established in the early and mid 19th century were not constrained by early endowments and therefore were able from foundation to offer a wider range of taught suhjects.

From the 1850's organised games became prominent in the curriculum, based on the precedent set at Rugby by Thomas Arnold, forming a keystone of character development through teamwork, sportmanship and self-sacrifice. The prominence of team sports still prevails and is a feature by which public schools still distinguish themselves from state maintained shools. By the latter part of the 19th century 'modern' subjects such as mathematics and science feature in many schools listings in The Public Schools Yearbook.

Oik
Oik is a pejorative, term from the Oxford English Dictionary: oick, oik (OIk). slang. Etym. obscure. Depreciatory schoolboy word for a member of another school; an unpopular or disliked fellow-pupil. Also gen., an obnoxious or unpleasant person; in weakened senses, a 'nit-wit', a 'clot'. Hence 'oikish a., unpleasant, crude; 'oickman (see quot. 1925).

uncouth person

1925 Dict. Bootham Slang, Hoick,.. spit. Oick,.. to spit; abbreviated form of 'oickman'. Oickman,..labourer, shopkeeper, etc.; also a disparaging term.

1933 A. G. Macdonell England, their England vi. 95 Those privately educated oicks are a pretty grisly set of oicks. Grocers' sons and oicks and what not.

1935 'N. Blake' Question of Proof x. 189 Smithers is such an oick. 1940 M. Marples

Public School Slang 31 Oik, hoik: very widely used and of some age; at Cheltenham (1897) it meant simply a working man, but at Christ's Hospital (1885) it implied someone who spoke Cockney, and at Bootham (1925) someone who spoke with a Yorkshire accent.

1940 M. Dickens Mariana iv. 109 The old Oik mentioned it over a couple of whiskeys.

1946 G. Hackforth-Jones Sixteen Bells 260 Come to think of it he must have been a bit of an oik when he worked at Bullingham & Messer. That crack about long hair was well merited.

1957 F. King Widow i. v. 63 He and Cooper had fought a battle with three 'oiks'—this was apparently school slang for the boys of the town.

1958 B. Goolden Ships of Youth vii. 162, I only need my cap on back to front to look the complete oick.

1959 W. Camp Ruling Passion xvi. 126 Who's that incredibly uncouth and oikish man?

1966 'K. Nicholson' Hook, Line & Sinker viii. 95 So glad you got here before the oicks.

1968 Melody Maker 30 Nov. 24/5 Old Stinks from the third stream said: 'I say you oik, the Beach Boys latest is fab gear.'

1975 Listener 16 Jan. 83/1 The rigmarole about the flat was patent set-dressing, just to impress us oiks.

1975 Times 7 Aug. 7/7 His sc. Oswald Mosley's angels, a gang of gullible and bloodthirsty oiks.. would come pretty far down the roster of hell's legions.

Popular Culture
During the interwar years public schools featured in cigarette card series. W.D. & H.O. Wills (Wills Cigarettes) published in 1927 a series of 25 illustrations entitled 'Public Schools'. The same company later in 1933/34 issued two series of 25 cards of the leading schools' coats of arms

New Draft
Dorothy L. Sayers in her 1933 novel Murder Must Advertise had her protagonist, the aristocrat Lord Peter Wimsey postulate that there are but three 'great' public schools (with the incipient corollary that all others are 'minor'), as follows:-

"Well, you and Mr. Bredon have had college educations, so you know all about it. What schools do you call public schools?"

"Eton," said Mr. Bredon, promptly, "--and Harrow," he added, magnanimously, for he was an Eton man… "And I've heard," Bredon went on, "that there's a decentish sort of place at Winchester, if you're not too particular."

Public School
OED Definition

1. Originally, in Britain and Ireland: any of a class of grammar schools founded or endowed for public use and subject to public management or control (frequently contrasted with private school: cf. private school n. at private adj.1, adv., and n. Compounds 2. Later, chiefly from the 19th cent. and also in some other countries of the former British Empire: a fee-paying secondary school which developed from former endowed grammar schools, or was modelled on similar lines, and which takes pupils from beyond the local constituency and usually offers boarding facilities.

In 1382 William of Wykeham Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor of England founded Winchester College. In 1440 Henry VI founded Eton College. These schools had significantly larger foundations than the existing local grammar schools, had high level political patronage and also accepted 'non-local' pupils. This was 'the start of a new kind of school'. Elizabeth I refounded Westminster School in 1560, with new statutes to select 40 Queen's Scholars from boys who had attended the school for a year. . This created a 'triad' of privileged schools - Winchester, Eton and Westminster..

Daniel Defoe in The Compleat English Gentleman of 1728 writes of "the great schools of Eton, Winchester, Westminster, Felsted, Bishop Stortford, Canterbury and others, where the children - nay, the eldest sons - of some of the best families in England have been educated."

By the start of the eighteenth century the London day schools St Paul's and Merchant Taylor's, together with the charitable foundations Christ's Hospital and Charthouse had developed an elevated 'standing in popular regard'.

Arnold developed the praepostor or (prefect) system, in which a group of senior boys were given disciplinary powers of other pupils. This became a standard method to order in the public schools which had developed a reputation for rowdiness and indiscipline.

Vivian Ogilvie suggests five 'characteristics commonly associated with a public school' i.e."it is a class school, catering for a well-to-do clientele; it is expensive; it is non-local; it is a predominately boarding school; it is independent of the State and of local government, yet it is not privately owned or run for profit."

List of 64 schools

 * Bath College
 * Bedford Grammar School
 * Berkhamsted School
 * Birmingham, King Edward's School
 * Blackheath Proprietary School
 * Bradfield College
 * Brecon, Christ's College
 * Brighton College
 * Bromsgrove School
 * Canterbury, King's School
 * Charterhouse
 * Cheltenham
 * Christ's Hospital
 * City of London School
 * Clifton College
 * Dover College
 * Dulwich College
 * Durham School
 * Eastbourne College
 * Eltham College
 * Eton College
 * Felsted School
 * Fettes College
 * Giggleswick School
 * Glenalmond, Trinity College
 * Haileybury School
 * Harrow School
 * Highgate School
 * Ipswich School
 * Isle of Man, King William's College
 * King's College School
 * Lancing College
 * Leeds Grammar School
 * Liverpool College
 * Loretto School
 * Merchant Taylors'
 * Malvern College
 * Manchester Grammar School
 * Marlborough
 * Merchant Taylors'
 * Nottingham High School
 * Oundle School
 * Radley College
 * Repton School
 * Rossall School
 * Rugby School
 * St Paul's School, London
 * Sedbergh School
 * Sherborne School
 * Shrewsbury School
 * Tiverton, Blundell's School
 * Tonbridge School
 * University College School
 * Uppingham School
 * Warwick School
 * Wellington College, Berkshire
 * Westminster School
 * Weymouth College
 * Winchester College
 * York, St Peter's School
 * RMA Woolwich
 * RMC Sandhurst
 * RIEC Cooper's Hill
 * HMS Britannia