User:Jmekoenig

I'm an undergraduate student at the University of Chicago majoring in economics with a minor in human rights. I'm interested in civil and human rights and the policies that can be implemented to protect them.

I'm particularly interested, at the moment, in gender discrimination in hiring practices and the economic effects of mandated parental leave. As such, I'm considering expanding either the Employment Discrimination page or the Parental Leave page.

Topic 1: Hiring Discrimination based on Gender

The Employment Discrimination page of Wikipedia encompasses discrimination due to a broad range of factors including race, religion, and gender. Due to this expansive range, it fails to have good focus on any one category. Due to the dearth of comprehensive information on employment discrimination against women, particularly in the hiring process, I intend to expand the relevant sections of the article. Furthermore, the article tries to discuss discrimination by region but only addresses Europe and North America; an important expansion would be to add sections for other continents/regions as only addressing the West fails to convey an adequate image of what discrimination in hiring looks like.

Possible Sources

1.   Reuben, Enesto, Paola Sapienza, and Luigi Zingales. "How stereotypes impair women's careers in science." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 12 (March 2014): 4403-408. doi:10.1073/pnas.1314788111.

2.   Petersen, Trond, and Thea Togstad. "Getting the offer: Sex discrimination in hiring." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 24, no. 3 (2006): 239-57. doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2006.06.001.

3.   Booth, Alison, and Andrew Leigh. "Do employers discriminate by gender? A field experiment in female-dominated occupations." Economics Letters 107, no. 2 (May 2010): 236-38. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2010.01.034.

4.   Weichselbaumer, Doris. "Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Hiring." SSRN Electronic Journal, December 2003. doi:10.2139/ssrn.305140.

5.   Altonji, Joseph G., and Rebecca M. Blank. "Chapter 48 Race and gender in the labor market." Handbook of Labor Economics, 1999, 3143-259. doi:10.1016/s1573-4463(99)30039-0.

6.   Kuhn, Peter, and Kailing Shen. "Gender Discrimination in Job Ads: Evidence from China*." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 128, no. 1 (November 18, 2012): 287-336. doi:10.1093/qje/qjs046.

7.   Petit, Pascale. "The effects of age and family constraints on gender hiring discrimination: A field experiment in the French financial sector." Labour Economics 14, no. 3 (June 2007): 371-91. doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2006.01.006.

8.   Newman, Constance J., Daniel H De Vries, Jeanne D'arc Kanakuze, and Gerard Ngendahimana. "Workplace violence and gender discrimination in Rwanda's health workforce: Increasing safety and gender equality." Human Resources for Health 9, no. 1 (July 19, 2011). doi:10.1186/1478-4491-9-19.

9.   Uhlmann, Eric Luis, and Geoffrey L. Cohen. "Constructed Criteria: Redefining Merit to Justify Discrimination." Psychological Science 16, no. 6 (June 1, 2005).

10. Fuegen, Kathleen, Monica Biernat, Elizabeth Haines, and Kay Deaux. "Mothers and Fathers in the Workplace: How Gender and Parental Status Influence Judgments of Job-Related Competence." Journal of Social Issues 60, no. 4 (November 8, 2004): 737-54. doi:10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00383.x.

11. Grün, Carola. "Direct and indirect gender discrimination in the South African labour market." International Journal of Manpower 25, no. 3/4 (2004): 321-42. doi:10.1108/01437720410541425.

12. Bell, Linda. "Women-Led Firms and the Gender Gap in Top Executive Jobs." IZA Working Paper, July 2005.

13. Duncan, Colin, and Wendy Loretto. "Never the Right Age? Gender and Age-Based Discrimination in Employment." Gender, Work and Organization 11, no. 1 (November 27, 2003): 95-115. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2004.00222.x.

14. Uhlmann, Eric Luis, and Geoffrey L. Cohen. "“I think it, therefore it’s true”: Effects of self-perceived objectivity on hiring discrimination." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 104, no. 2 (November 2007): 207-23. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.07.001.

Topic 2: Economic Effects of Paid Parental Leave

Parental leave has increasingly been a focus of government policy on the workplace due to its benefits related to childcare, easing women’s decision whether or not to stay in the workforce, and encouraging families. There has been fascinating research and debate on these issues with extensive research conducted on policies and their effects. Despite the issues increasing relevance and importance, Wikipedia’s Parental Leave page has little information on what effect requiring parental leave has on the economy and its effect on the labor force. What information is there is scattered and poorly written. As such, I propose adding more information and detail while rewriting to improve presentation and readability.

Possible sources:

1.   Tanaka, Sakiko. "Parental leave and child health across OECD countries." The Economic Journal 115, no. 501 (January 27, 2005). doi:10.1111/j.0013-0133.2005.00970.x.

2.   Han, Wen-Jui, and Jane Waldfogel. "Parental leave: The impact of recent legislation on parents' leave taking." Demography 40, no. 1 (February 2003): 191-200. doi:10.1353/dem.2003.0003.

3.   Ruhm, Christopher. "The Economic Consequences of Parental Leave Mandates: Lessons from Europe." July 1996. doi:10.3386/w5688.\

4.   Waldfogel, Jane. "Understanding the ‘‘Family Gap’’ in Pay for Women with Children." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1998. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.6387&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

5.   Baum, Charles L., II. "The Effects of Maternity Leave Legislation on Mothers' Labor Supply after Childbirth." Southern Economic Journal 69, no. 4 (April 2003): 772-99. doi:10.2307/1061651.

6.   Waldfogel, Jane. "The Family Gap for Young Women in the United States and Britain: Can Maternity Leave Make a Difference?" Journal of Labor Economics 16, no. 3 (July 1998): 505-45. doi:10.1086/209897.

7.   Harkness, Susan, and Jane Waldfogel. "The Family Gap In Pay: Evidence From Seven Industrialized Countries." Worker Well-Being and Public Policy Research in Labor Economics, 2003, 369-413. doi:10.1016/s0147-9121(03)22012-4.

8.   Davies, Rhys, and Gaëlle Pierre. "The family gap in pay in Europe: a cross-country study." Labour Economics 12, no. 4 (August 2005): 469-86. doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2005.05.003.

9.   Nielsen, Helena Skyt, Marianne Simonsen, and Mette Verner. "Does the Gap in Family-friendly Policies Drive the Family Gap?" Scandinavian Journal of Economics 106, no. 4 (December 13, 2004): 721-44. doi:10.1111/j.0347-0520.2004.00385.x.

10. Schönberg, Uta, and Johannes Ludsteck. "Expansions in Maternity Leave Coverage and Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes after Childbirth." Journal of Labor Economics 32, no. 3 (July 2014): 469-505. doi:10.1086/675078.