User:Jmleonrojas/sandbox/Guide to Free/Libre & Open & Gratis Knowledge



Freeness
The freedoms and rights with respect to free software, have expanded to the field of knowledge, filling the following widespread notion of free knowledge :


 * Free knowledge can be freely acquired and freely used, for any purpose and without needing anyone else's permission (freedom 0).
 * Free knowledge can be customised to suit the specific requirements of the acquirer (freedom 1). Access to a free format and modifiable source file of the content is a precondition to this.
 * Free knowledge can be freely shared with others (freedom 2).
 * Free knowledge is such that it can be improved and its adapted and improved versions can be freely shared with others, so that the whole community can benefit from them (freedom 3). Access to a free format and modifiable source file of the content is a precondition to this.

Openness
Openness has been usually understood to be that which satisfies freedoms 0 and 2, and occasionally freedoms 1 and 3 (so the adjective Open-source). However, the current definition (Open Definition 2.1) by Open Knowledge International establishes that data, content and knowledge can be considered open if and only if the four freedoms are met. Therefore, as it is pointed out in Open Definition 2.1, openness regarding data, content and knowledge matches exactly that of openness regarding software as in the Open Source Definition and is tantamount to freeness or liberty as in the Free Software Definition and the Definition of Free Cultural Works.

Open access
Although originally, the term Open access was solely concerned with making scholarly publications available on the web, it currently stands not only for them but for any content made available to the public. Open access to knowledge must not be confused with that of openness just seen in the previous section. Open access distinguishes among the acceptance of different subsets of the freedoms 0 to 4 and even in some cases no of them — 'bronze' open access (see below).

Broad approach

 * Gratis open access (online access free of charge) — despite being a relatively weird situation (because it can include All right reserved situations), it is most widespread
 * Libre open access (gratis open access plus some additional re-use rights usually specified by Creative Commons licenses) — Libre open access is the case in which freedoms 0 through 4 could be met, individually or in combinations

Author's self-management

 * Self archiving (also called 'green' open access) — authors themselves deposit a copy in an institutional repository or open archive (also called open-access repository)

Journals

 * Diamond or platinum open-access journals (charge no fee)
 * Gold open-access journals — charge fees (also called article processing charges)
 * Hybrid open-access journals ('hybrid' open access: only some articles in the journal are open access)
 * Delayed open-access journals (free online access after an embargo period)

To these must be added a new category, identified by Heather Piwowar and collaborators, consisting of those articles that are free to read online but it is not possible to reuse or redistribute them because they have been published with no license (https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/bronze-open-access-supersedes-green-and-gold). They called this new category 'bronze' open access and what is surprising is that, in relation to the use, it supersedes the other ones.

Digital libraries & publishers

 * arXiv
 * bioRxiv
 * Hyper Articles en Ligne
 * Internet Archive
 * List of academic databases and search engines
 * List of academic journals by preprint policy
 * Science 2.0
 * Social Science Research Network
 * viXra

Some organizations/initiatives/projects and lists of 'approved' licenses
           

Free Software Foundation (FSF) (1985–)
The licenses on this list are for free software (what free software is?), free documentation (what free documentation is?) or even for other free works in accordance with The Free Software Definition and what it is said there under the section 'Beyond software'.

Debian (1993–)
The licenses on this list are for free software in accordance with the The Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG).

Open Source Initiative (OSI) (1998–)
The licenses on this list are for open(-source) software.

Open Content Project (OCP) (1998–2003)
Dedicated to creating and evangelizing the concept of open content, it closed down in 2003 when David A. Wiley started working with Creative Commons.

Copyleft Attitude: Free Art License (2000-)

 * Free Art License

Platoniq (2001-)

 * Platoniq
 * Aire Incondicional License (first Spanish license) (original web page: http://www.platoniq.net/aireincodicional_licencia.html)
 * Bank of Commons (of Common Knowledge) (2006-)
 * Goteo (goteo.org)

Creative Commons (CC) (2001–)
External links: Choose a License (the 'official' license selector), CC Factsheet, License badges and icons, Projects under development (for instance, the license selectors 'Freedoms License Generator' and 'DHTML License Chooser', about we could send comments and suggestions, for example, comparing them with the 'official' license selector; or the metadata revealing (Metadata Lab)), and Program areas

Every Creative Commons license incorporates three layers: a human-readable text (the Commons Deed), a legal text for lawyers (the Legal Code) and a machine-readable version for bots, crawlers, search engines and other kinds of machines. We can see a demonstration of the three 'Layers' of licenses by clicking here.

Public Domain
Regarding the Public Domain, Creative Commons offers two tools, the CC0 and the Public Domain Mark.

The CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
We should use CC0 for our own work or for other person's work whenever we have the rights to do so. We should not use CC0 for works already in the public domain; use the PDM (see below) instead.
 * The Commons Deed (a human-readable summary)
 * The Legal Code (full text)

The Public Domain Mark (PDM)
We should use the Public Domain Mark for works already in the public domain, that is to say, that are free of known copyright throughout the world. To know more:
 * Creative Commons Public Domain Tools.

Free Cultural Works Project (2006–)
The licenses on this list are for free cultural works in accordance with the Definition of Free Cultural Works (DFCW).

This is the most recent proposal, picking the best of the previous ones. As we can read on its history page, this project was initiated by Erik Möller and feedback was provided by Richard Stallman (of the Free Software Foundation), Lawrence Lessig (of Creative Commons), Angela Beesley (co-founder of Wikia with Jimmy Wales and a member of the Advisory Board of the Wikimedia Foundation on that date) and Benjamin Mako Hill (of Wikia) who also was a co-initiator of the DFCW.

Creative Commons licenses approved by Free Cultural Works
Although this video (2003) promotes any CC license as does Creative Commons themselves, according to the Definition of Free Cultural Works, only the following three CC licenses meet the requisites to be considered a free cultural work:
 * Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication,
 * Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0),
 * Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) (Wikipedia text is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0)).

Against 'no derivatives (-ND)' or 'non-commercial (-NC)' restrictions
Many reasons have been given not to use the 'no derivatives' and 'non-commercial use only' licenses — like the -ND and -NC variants by Creative Commons —. There is no waste in the commentaries on non-free licenses. Why not compromise under such misleading proposals like 'no derivatives (-ND)' or 'non-commercial (-NC)' restrictions is fully explained, for instance, in the Rantifesto by Nina Paley.

Other licenses

 * WTFPL (Do what the fuck you want to)

Contracts (and trustworthy third party)

 * ColorIuris

Less than a few creators
— 'Work slowly / And effortlessly / Work may hurt you / And send you to the hospital / Where there's no bed left / And you may even die. / Work slowly / And effortlessly / Health is priceless.' (Radio Alice / Working Slowly)
 * Wu Ming (1999–) (download their books - novels, essays and short stories) (CC BY-NC-SA).
 * Cory Doctorow (2003–) — Doctorow's first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, was released under a Creative Commons licences (CC BY-NC-SA).
 * Cory Doctorow at Project Gutenberg

Less than a few initiatives

 * Internet Archive (1996-)
 * Wikimedia Foundation (2003-)
 * Projects of the Wikimedia Foundation (Wikimedia Projects)
 * Wikipedia (2001-)
 * Help:Adding open license text to Wikipedia
 * List of Wikipedias
 * PetScan (querying tool) (for instance, intersect [subset] Logicians with Women scientists within the English Wikipedia)
 * Appropedia (shared knowledge in sustainability, appropriate technology, poverty reduction, and permaculture) (2006-)
 * Europeana (2008-)
 * Mainova (Social Lab) (CC BY) (2009-) (Social Lab_ 2016-)

Wide browsing

 * Google Advanced Search
 * Google images (once found the images, click on search just below the search box)

Specific browsing

 * CC images in Flickr
 * https://freedomdefined.org/Portal:Index
 * CC Search
 * Wikimedia Commons
 * Category:Copyright_statuses
 * Many more possibilities: https://guides.library.harvard.edu/c.php?g=310751&p=2072816
 * More than specific (articles in Spanish):
 * Images: https://www.genbeta.com/imagen-digital/31-webs-para-descargar-fotografias-gratis-y-sin-conflictos-sobre-los-derechos-de-autor
 * Books: https://www.genbeta.com/multimedia/23-webs-para-descargar-libros-gratis-y-sin-conflictos-sobre-los-derechos-de-autor

Authorship registry

 * Legal deposit of online publications (Biblioteca Nacional de España, BNE) — International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC)
 * Safe Creative (1 year free of charge)

Education

 * Open educational resources
 * OpenStax CNX (Connexions) (CC BY) (1999-) (founded by Richard Baraniuk)
 * OpenCourseWare (OCW)
 * University of Tübingen (the first one)
 * MIT OpenCourseWare (2001-) (the take-off)
 * Open Learning Initiative (Carnegie Mellon University) (2002-)
 * Apuntes Marea Verde (CC BY-NC-SA)
 * Apuntes Marea Verde (CC BY-NC-SA)

Humanities

 * Open Library of Humanities
 * Open Humanities Press
 * Wireless Philosophy

Music (sheets, audios and more)

 * Mutopia Project (2000-) (CC BY-SA)
 * International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) (2006-) (Public Domain and CC BY-SA)
 * Category:Sheet music (CC BY-SA)

Science

 * Open science
 * WikiProject Open Access/Signalling OA-ness (Template:Access_indicator)
 * Polymath (Terry Tao)
 * arXiv

Publishers

 * Public Library of Science (PLOS)

Hardware

 * Open-source hardware

Movies

 * Elephants Dream (CC BY)

English Wikipedia categories to explore

 * Free and open-source software licenses
 * Free content licenses
 * Copyright licenses · Open content · Public sphere
 * Public copyright licenses
 * Open access
 * Open access projects

(TO DO / Consider / Translate / Aux ...)
Data -> Information -> Knowledge -> Wisdom. Culture

es:Usuario:Jmleonrojas/Taller/Software_Libre_y_Conocimiento_Libre

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1gedx-RBgIgzaCr4VMYYt6zIHuW37oO7o

Quotes regarding freedom ...
Ten fe en el Derecho como el mejor instrumento para la convivencia humana; en la justicia como destino normal del Derecho; en la paz como sustitutivo bondadoso de la justicia y, sobre todo, ten fe en la libertad, sin la cual no hay Derecho, ni justicia, ni paz. COUTURE, Octavo mandamiento para el abogado

Las únicas limitaciones a la libertad son las que el propio individuo se dictamina y el Estado, que tiene como función proteger al hombre, sin embargo, en realidad, lo coarta y lo reprime; sus leyes son inmorales porque violan la libertad individual. KROPOTKIN

La libertad de uno sólo está limitada por la libertad semejante de todos los demás. KANT

En la medida en la que nadie me puede obligar a nada, puedo afirmar que me siento libre. (Abad Grouès Pierre. El Abbé Pierre habla a los jóvenes. Camino a lo esencial. 2007, Claret, p. 86)

Juan Ruiz, Arcipreste de Hita, 1330 d.C., De cómo dice el arçipreste que se ha de entender su libro «1629: Qualquier omen, que lo oya, si bien trovar sopiere, puede más y añadir et emendar si quisiere, ande de mano en mano a quienquier quel' pidiere, como pella a las dueñas tómelo quien podiere. 1630: Pues es de buen amor, emprestadlo de grado, non desmintades su nombre, nin dedes refertado, non le dedes por dineros vendido nin alquilado, ca non ha grado, nin graçias, nin buen amor complado.»

e-pah-wah-nah (lengua de los indios tirió, Surinam) «tu me echas una mano a mí y yo te la echo a tí»

«Prenez de l'eau bénite, écoutez la sainte messe. Cela vous abêtira» (Blaise Pascal) Puede que tanto afán por la libertad y la apertura nos convierta en idólatras de facto de tal «santo de nuestra devoción». Se acumulan prácticas que descuidadas pueden mudar en hábitos devocionales. Debemos permanecer vigilantes. Hemos de invocar a la razón y no a la fe, al conocimiento y no al pseudo-conocimiento conceptualizado.

Known image restrictions

 * https://helpx.adobe.com/stock/contributor/help/known-image-restrictions.html (https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2016/05/11/selfies_with_theatomiumwithoutfearofprosecutionsoon-1-2652946/)
 * Atomium: Atomium

   </a>

This work ( Work name, by <a href="Author URL" rel="dct:creator"> Author name </a>), identified by <a href="My main website" rel="dct:publisher"> My name </a>, is free of known copyright restrictions.

The CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication

 * Dedicación al Dominio Público (CC0), liberar una obra propia de toda restricción de derecho de autor:


 * Uso
 * Para saber más
 * Ejemplo de resumen para robots (especificación de metadatos CC REL):

<p xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"> <img src="http://i.creativecommons.org/p/zero/1.0/88x31.png" style="border-style: none;" alt="CC0" /> </a>

To the extent possible under law, <a rel="dct:publisher" href="WEB DEL AUTOR O DE LA OBRA"> NOMBRE DEL AUTOR </a> has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to TÍTULO DE LA OBRA.


 * CC0 vs. PDM
 * Case Studies
 * MusicBrainz
 * The White House

Wiki de Creative Commons

 * Creative Commons Wiki
 * Preguntas frecuentes (FAQ)
 * Desarrolladores
 * Marcado
 * Creadores
 * Usuarios
 * Integración Web
 * RDFa Support for Semantic Media Wiki
 * Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REA) (Open Educational Resources, OER)

Publicar (Incrustación de metadatos)

 * Metadatos
 * Modelo y sintaxis de metadatos (RDFa)
 * Lenguaje de Expresión de Derechos (CC REL)
 * CC REL by Example
 * rel-license (microformats)
 * Marcado de obras (human-readable metadata)
 * Marcado de obras (machine-readable metadata)
 * Recomendaciones técnicas específicas según el tipo de archivo
 * HTML
 * ODF
 * OpenOfficeOrg_Addin
 * XMP
 * Publicar en sitios de terceros
 * Buenas prácticas de marcado, uso y reutilización de obras CC

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