User:John Troodon/sandbox

=Saurischia=

Theropoda
Theropods were the only predatory dinosaurs known.

Herrerasauridae
It is a family of primitive theropods. They were usually small (no more than 4m), and had four fingers on each hand. They can;t be classified into any major group of dinosaurs.

The first cladogram presented here follows one proposed analysis by M.D. Ezcurra in 2010. In this review, Herrerasaurus is a primitive saurischian, but not a theropod. The second cladogram is based on an analysis by M.J. Benton, in 2004. This review indicated Herrerasaurus was a basal theropod. .

Ceratosauria
Another group of primitive theropods. Their main characteristic - four fingers.

Coelophysidae
It is a family of Ceratosaurs. They were usually small and long-necked.
 * Family Coelophysidae
 * Camposaurus
 * ?Pterospondylus
 * Coelophysis
 * Megapnosaurus (formerly Syntarsus)
 * Podokesaurus
 * ?Procompsognathus
 * Segisaurus

Dilophosauridae
A relatively small family of ceratosaurs. Had strange crests on their heads.
 * Family Dilophosauridae
 * †Cryolophosaurus
 * †Dilophosaurus
 * †Dracovenator

Elaphrosauridae
This family has not yet formally named, but first it waqs described by Thomas Holtz in his book "Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages".
 * Family: Elaphrosauridae
 * Elaphrosaurus
 * Limusaurus
 * Spinostropheus
 * Chuandongocoelurus
 * Undescribed Argentinian specimen

Ceratosauridae
Closely related to Dilophosauridae, Ceratosauridae also had head crests. But they had nasal horns, not elongated crests as in dilophosaurids.
 * Family Ceratosauridae
 * Ceratosaurus
 * Genyodectes

Abelisauridae
It, with no doubt, is the largest and the most succesfull theropod family. They inhabited mostly Sothern Hemisphere, but at least one species lived in Europe - Tarascosaurus. Also we have evidence that they were cannibals. Study of the skull of Majungasaurus, performed by Scott Sampson, showed bite marks on the skull, ribs etc.

Their teeth were short, robust and serrated.

FAMILY ABELISAURIDAE
 * Abelisaurus (Argentina)
 * Vitakridrinda (Pakistan)
 * Compsosuchus (India)
 * Indosaurus (India)
 * Indosuchus (India)
 * Pycnonemosaurus (Brazil)
 * Kryptops (Niger)
 * Rugops (Niger)
 * Xenotarsosaurus (Argentina)
 * Subfamily Carnotaurinae
 * Ekrixinatosaurus (Argentina)
 * Ilokelesia (Argentina)
 * Majungasaurus (Madagascar)
 * Rajasaurus (India)
 * Rahiolisaurus (India)
 * Skorpiovenator (Argentina)
 * Tribe Carnotaurini
 * Aucasaurus (Argentina)
 * Carnotaurus (Argentina)

Noasauridae
These relatively small predatory dinosaurs were related to Abelisauridae. Most of them reached no more than 3 metres in lenght. The first species to appear - Genusaurus.

FAMILY Noasauridae
 * Compsosuchus
 * Genusaurus
 * Jubbulpuria
 * Laevisuchus
 * Masiakasaurus
 * Noasaurus
 * Ornithomimoides
 * Velocisaurus

Tetanurae
The most advanced theropods.
 * Primitive Tetanurae
 * †Cruxicheiros
 * †Gasosaurus
 * †Kaijiangosaurus
 * †Kayentavenator
 * †Shidaisaurus
 * †Szechuanosaurus
 * †Xuanhanosaurus

Megalosauridae
Megalosauridae are the most primitive tetanurae. They as all tetanurs have three fingered arms, but heir claws are more advanced than those of Ceratosaurs.

The cladogram presented here follows Benson (2010) and Benson et al. (2010)

Spinosauridae
The only known family of fish - eating dinosaurs. They were very widely distributed: North Africa, Europe, South America, Asia and even perhaps USA. Their cone shaped teeth were not designed to hunt and kill dinosaurs.
 * Superfamily Megalosauroidea
 * Family Spinosauridae
 * Siamosaurus suteethorni
 * Subfamily Baryonychinae
 * Baryonyx walkeri
 * Cristatusaurus lapparenti
 * Suchomimus tenerensis
 * Suchosaurus cultridens
 * Subfamily Spinosaurinae
 * Irritator challengeri
 * Spinosaurus aegyptiacus
 * Oxalaia quilombensis

Allosauroidea
Also named carnosaurs, they were like megalosauroidea, but more advanced.

The cladogram presented here follows the 2010 analysis by Benson, Carrano and Brusatte.

Sinraptoridae
Not very large carnosaurs. They are the most primitive allosauroidea. The cladogram presented here follows a study by Benson and colleagues in 2010.

Allosauridae
In fact, Allosauridae, could be the smallest tetanuran family. Only threespecies are known : Allosaurus, Saurophaganax and Epanterias. However they are relatively advanced [[dinosaurs. They, as birds , had carpal.

Neovenatoridae
Most neovenatorids earlier were classified as Allosauridae. However they lived much longer than allosaurs. Probabaly one of Neovenatoridae, Orkoraptor, survived till Maastrichtian

The cladogram presented here follows the 2010 analysis by Benson, Carrano and Brusatte. Another study published later in 2010 also found the Australian theropod Rapator to be a megaraptoran extremely similar to Australovenator.

Carcharodontosauridae
Another, the most advanced, family of Carnosauria. Among carcharodontosauridae were several the biggest land predators ever.

A cladogramm after Brusatte et al.

Carcharodontosauridae |__Concavenator corcovatus |__Kelmayisaurus? |__''Eocarcharia dinops |__Acrocanthosaurus atokensis |__Shaochilong maortuensis |__Tyrannotitan chubutensis |__Carcharodontosaurus saharicus |Giganotosaurinae |__Giganotosaurus carolinii |__Mapusaurus roseae

Coeluridae and Compsognathidae
The most basal coelurosaurs known. Some evidence from Liaoning shows that they were feathered.


 * Family Coeluridae
 * Coelurus
 * Tanycolagreus
 * Family Compsognathidae
 * Aristosuchus
 * Compsognathus
 * Huaxiagnathus
 * Juravenator
 * Mirischia
 * Sinocalliopteryx
 * Sinosauropteryx

Alvarezsauridae
Family of omnivorous dinosaurs with one-fingered hands.


 * Family Alvarezsauridae
 * Achillesaurus
 * Albertonykus
 * Alvarezsaurus
 * Kol
 * Patagonykus
 * Subfamily Parvicursorinae
 * Albinykus
 * Ceratonykus
 * Heptasteornis
 * Linhenykus
 * Mononykus
 * Parvicursor
 * Shuvuuia
 * Xixianykus

Dromaeosauridae
The family of dinosaurs to which Velociraptor and Deinonychus belong to.They are characterized by "killing claw" on each foot. Also new evidence points that they were feathered, and closely related to birds.

The cladogram by paleontologists Nicholas Longrich and Philip J. Currie, 2009.


 * Family Dromaeosauridae
 * Dromaeosauroides
 * Luanchuanraptor
 * Mahakala
 * Pamparaptor
 * Ornithodesmus
 * Tianyuraptor
 * Variraptor (=Pyroraptor?)
 * Subfamily Microraptorinae
 * Graciliraptor
 * Hesperonychus
 * Microraptor (=Cryptovolans?)
 * Sinornithosaurus
 * Subfamily Unenlagiinae
 * Austroraptor
 * Buitreraptor
 * Neuquenraptor
 * Rahonavis
 * Shanag?
 * Unenlagia
 * Unquillosaurus
 * Node Eudromaeosauria
 * Subfamily Dromaeosaurinae
 * Subfamily Saurornitholestinae
 * Subfamily Velociraptorinae

Troodontidae
Very similar to their cousins - Dromaeosauridae, but are characterized by having smaller "killing claw". The smartest dinosaurs.


 * Family Troodontidae
 * Anchiornis
 * ?Archaeornithoides
 * Borogovia
 * Byronosaurus
 * Geminiraptor
 * Jinfengopteryx
 * ?Koparion
 * Mei
 * Saurornithoides
 * Sinornithoides
 * Sinusonasus
 * Sinovenator
 * Tochisaurus
 * Urbacodon
 * Xixiasaurus
 * Zanabazar
 * ?Subfamily Elopteryginae
 * ?Elopteryx
 * Subfamily Troodontinae
 * Troodon
 * Dubious
 * SPS 100/44 = EK troodontid
 * WDC DML 001 ("Lori")
 * Paronychodon
 * Euronychodon
 * Richardoestesia

Therizinosauridae
The only known plant - eating theropods. Had very long claws on their hands.

The cladogram here follows a 2007 phylogenetic analysis by Phil Senter.

Ornithomimidae
Also called "ostrich-like dinosaurs", because of their large eyes and long necks with legs. Were among the smartest animals of their time.


 * Infraorder Ornithomimosauria
 * Pelecanimimus (central Spain)
 * Shenzhousaurus (northeastern China)
 * Kinnareemimus (Thailand)
 * Beishanlong (northeastern China)
 * Family Deinocheiridae
 * Deinocheirus (Mongolia)
 * Family Garudimimidae
 * Garudimimus (Mongolia)
 * Family Harpymimidae
 * Harpymimus (Mongolia)
 * Superfamily Ornithomimoidea
 * Family Ornithomimidae
 * Anserimimus  (Mongolia)
 * Archaeornithomimus (China)
 * Gallimimus (Mongolia)
 * Ornithomimus (Alberta, Colorado, New Jersey, Utah, Wyoming)
 * Qiupalong (eastern China)
 * Sinornithomimus (Inner Mongolia)
 * Struthiomimus (Montana and Alberta)
 * ?Timimus, from the early Cretaceous (a femur from Dinosaur Cove in Victoria in southeastern Australia), is possibly an ornithomimosaurian.

Prosauropoda
They were the ancestors of more known Sauropods. However they had shorter necks, thinner legs, and were functionazlly bipedal.

Plateosauridae
A family of Prosauropoda. Were characterized by more bulky body than most of other prosauropods.


 * Family Plateosauridae
 * Plateosaurus
 * Seitaad
 * Sellosaurus
 * Unaysaurus

Riojasauridae and Massospondylidae
Were much like Plateosauridae.

Basal sauropodomorph phylogeny simplified after Yates, 2007. This is only one of many proposed cladograms for basal sauropodomorphs.

Sauropoda
This taxonomy follows Wilson & Sereno 1998, Yates 2003 and 2010, Galton 2001, and Wilson 2002, with ranks after Benton, 2004.


 * Infraorder Sauropoda
 * Isanosaurus
 * Kotasaurus
 * Lessemsaurus
 * Family Blikanasauridae
 * Family Melanorosauridae
 * Family Vulcanodontidae
 * Family Cetiosauridae
 * Family Omeisauridae
 * ?Family Tendaguridae
 * Clade Turiasauria
 * Division Neosauropoda
 * Haplocanthosaurus
 * ?Jobaria
 * Superfamily Diplodocoidea
 * Family Rebbachisauridae
 * Family Dicraeosauridae
 * Family Diplodocidae
 * Subdivision Macronaria
 * Family Brachiosauridae
 * Family Camarasauridae
 * Family Euhelopodidae
 * Superfamily Titanosauroidea

Vulcanodontidae
The most basal sauropod family known.


 * Family Vulcanodontidae
 * Zizhongosaurus
 * Barapasaurus
 * Tazoudasaurus
 * Vulcanodon

Diplodocidae
These sauropods are usually characterized by very long necks and hind limbs and short front. Often confused with Mamenchisauridae.


 * Family Diplodocidae
 * Dystrophaeus?
 * Subfamily Apatosaurinae
 * Apatosaurus
 * Atlantosaurus
 * Eobrontosaurus
 * Subfamily Diplodocinae
 * Barosaurus
 * Dinheirosaurus
 * Diplodocus
 * Supersaurus?
 * Tornieria

Macronaria
The most advanced sauropods. Could held their necks higher than their shoulder region, while diplodocids couldn't.


 * Macronaria
 * Family Camarasauridae
 * Aragosaurus
 * Camarasaurus
 * Titanosauriformes
 * Baotianmansaurus
 * Duriatitan
 * Europasaurus
 * Fusuisaurus
 * ?Huabeisaurus
 * ?Venenosaurus
 * Family Brachiosauridae
 * Abydosaurus
 * Astrodon
 * ?Bothriospondylus
 * Brachiosaurus
 * Cedarosaurus
 * ?Daanosaurus
 * Giraffatitan
 * ?"Ischyrosaurus"
 * ?Lapparentosaurus
 * Lusotitan
 * Paluxysaurus
 * ?Pelorosaurus
 * ?Pleurocoelus
 * Sauroposeidon
 * Sonorasaurus
 * Family Huanghetitanidae
 * Huanghetitan
 * Somphospondyli
 * Family Euhelopodidae
 * Euhelopus
 * Angolatitan
 * Daxiatitan
 * Dongbeititan
 * Dongyangosaurus
 * Erketu
 * Qiaowanlong
 * Titanosauria

=Ornithischia=

Evolution
In the family tree of Thyreophora, Stegosauridae are right in the middle. Some paleontologists, propose a theory that they evolved from dinosaurs like ScelidosaurusюThey state that in early stegosaurs, like Huayangosaurus, plates are relatively small, while in Stegosaurus, the most advanced member of the family, they are very large. Perhaps bony plates of stegosaurs evolved from scutes of Scelidosaurus or its relatives.

Family tree of Thyreophora
Lesothosaurus, Stormbergia?↓

Scelidosaurus, etc.↓                                            *↓

Lexovisaurus and other primitive stegosaurs↓                *Ankylosauria

Stegosaurinae

Huayangosauridae
This another family of Stegosauria.They are usually characterized by short and robust plates on their back.

Family Huayangosauridae
 * Huayangosaurus
 * Regnosaurus

Stegosauridae
They are usually characterized by triangular plates on their back. These plates were not as hard as the plates of Huayangosauridae, so perhaps they were used only for display.

However there are several exeptions:Dacentrurus, Lexovisaurus and Kentrosaurus have also spikes on their back.

Classification
Stegosaurids are usually divided into two main subfamilies: Dacentrurinae and Stegosaurinae. Stegosaurinae are usually characterized by large sizes. The earliest stegosaur is thought to be Lexovisaurus from Bathonian of England. There was found a massive femur of the juvenile Lexovisaurus.

This is a list of stegosaurian genera by classification and location:

Suborder Thyreophora

Infraorder Stegosauria
 * Family Stegosauridae
 * Lexovisaurus (=Loricatosaurus) - (United Kingdom & France)
 * Kentrosaurus - (Tanzania, Africa)
 * Paranthodon - (South Africa)
 * Monkonosaurus - (Tibet, China)
 * Tuojiangosaurus - (Sichuan, China)
 * Subfamily Dacentrurinae
 * Dacentrurus - (United Kingdom, France & Spain)
 * Miragaia - (Portugal)
 * Subfamily Stegosaurinae
 * Stegosaurus - (Wyoming, USA)
 * Hesperosaurus - (Wyoming, USA)
 * Wuerhosaurus - (Xinjiang, Western China)

A cladogramm by Kenneth Carpenter.

Stegosauridae └──┬─?Chungkingosaurus └──┬──Chialingosaurus └──┬──┬──Wuerhosaurus │ └──┬──Dacentrurus │    └──Hesperosaurus └──┬──Tuojiangosaurus └──┬──┬──Kentrosaurus │ └──Lexovisaurus └──┬──Stegosaurus stenops └──S. ungulatus (=?S. armatus) He states, that Wuerhosaurus and Hesperosaurus are more closely related to Tuojiangosaurus and Dacentrurus, than to Stegosaurus. However, Thomas Holtz thinks that Hypsirophus, Stegosaurus, Hesperosaurus and Wuerhosaurus form a subfamily-Stegosaurinae.

Cladogramm by Holtz et al.

Stegosauridae └──┬──┬──Dacentrurinae │ └──┬──Dacentrurus │    └──Miragaia └──┬──Stegosaurinae └──┬──┬──Wuerhosaurus │   └──Hesperosaurus └──┬──Stegosaurus └──Hypsirophus

Primitive Stegosauria
Most of primitive stegosaurids, such as Lexovisaurus, Kentrosaurus, and Tuojiangosaurus, are characterized by triangular plates running along their back and reduced lateral osteoderms. Some of them like Kentrosaurus, also had spines on second half of their back and postorbital horns.

Dacentrurinae
Today are known only 2 members of Dacentrurinae: Dacentrurus and Miragaia. They usually have long back spines and necks.

Ankylosauria
Ankylosauria is a group of thyreophorans, related to Stegosauria, only their body lacked plates. They were covered in armour, particulary in armour plates, called osteoderms.

Polacanthidae
Polacanthidae is a family of Ankylosauria. Polacanthids are characterized by long shoulder spines, and a shield of fused armour over their hips. Gastonia is a common example.
 * Family Polacanthidae
 * Gargoyleosaurus
 * Gastonia
 * Hoplitosaurus
 * Hylaeosaurus
 * Mymoorapelta
 * Polacanthus

Nodosauridae
If polacanthidae depended on spines as defense, nodosauridae were more offensive. They protested themselves by hugging to the ground, because most of them did not have spikes at all.
 * Family Nodosauridae
 * Acanthopholis (United Kingdom, Western Europe)
 * ?Aletopelta (California, Western North America)
 * Animantarx  (Utah, Western North America)
 * Anoplosaurus (England, Northwestern Europe)
 * Edmontonia  (Alberta, Western North America)
 * Glyptodontopelta (New Mexico, Western North America)
 * Hungarosaurus  (Hungary, Central-Southern Europe)
 * Liaoningosaurus (Liaoning Province, Northeastern China)
 * Niobrarasaurus (Kansas, Western North America)
 * Nodosaurus (Wyoming and Kansas, Western North America)
 * Panoplosaurus  (Montana and Alberta, Western North America)
 * Pawpawsaurus   (Texas, Western North America)
 * Peloroplites   (Utah, Western North America)
 * Sauropelta    (Wyoming and Montana, Western North America)
 * Silvisaurus  (Kansas, Western North America)
 * Stegopelta (Wyoming, Western North America)
 * Struthiosaurus  (Central-Southern Europe)
 * Texasetes   (Texas, Western North America)
 * Zhejiangosaurus (Zhejiang Province, Eastern China)
 * Zhongyuansaurus (Henan Province, Central China)
 * ?Palaeoscincus, (nomen dubium)

Marginocephalia
The cladogram below follows a 2009 analysis by Zheng and colleagues.

Cladogram after Butler et al., 2011.

Pachycephalosauria
Pachycephalosauria is a group of Marginocephalia.They had thick skulls and very small brains

Most of Pachycephalosauria were very similar to each other. Only some of them, Dracorex and Stygimoloch, had spikes at the end of their domes. Jack Horner suggested that they could be juvenile forms of Pachycephalosaurus.
 * Family Pachycephalosauridae
 * Alaskacephale
 * Colepiocephale
 * Goyocephale
 * Hanssuesia
 * Homalocephale - possible juvenile form of Prenocephale
 * Prenocephale (incl. Sphaerotholus)
 * Stegoceras (incl. Ornatotholus)
 * Texacephale
 * Tylocephale
 * Tribe Pachycephalosaurini
 * Dracorex - possible juvenile form of Pachycephalosaurus
 * Pachycephalosaurus
 * Stygimoloch - possible juvenile form of Pachycephalosaurus
 * Pachycephalosauridae incertae sedis
 * Wannanosaurus
 * Nomina dubia
 * Gravitholus
 * Ferganocephale
 * Heishansaurus (probably an ankylosaur)
 * Micropachycephalosaurus
 * “Stegoceras” bexelli

Psittacosauridae
Like Protoceratopsidae, but don't have a frill.


 * '''Family Psittacosauridae
 * Hongshanosaurus
 * Psittacosaurus

Protoceratopsidae
Early ceratopsians, but they have a frill.


 * Family Protoceratopsidae
 * Bagaceratops
 * Breviceratops
 * Graciliceratops
 * Lamaceratops
 * Magnirostris
 * Platyceratops
 * Protoceratops.

Ceratopsinae
It consists only of one member - Ceratops.

Chasmosaurinae
Chasmosaurinae is a subfamily of ceratopsid dinosaurs. Triceratops is a well-known example. They were one of the most successful groups of herbivores of their time. Chasmosaurines appeared in the early Campanian, and became extinct, along with all other non-avian dinosaurs, during the K-T extinction. Broadly, the most distinguishing features of chasmosaurinae are prominent brow horns and long frills lacking long spines; centrosaurines generally had short brow horns and relatively shorter frills, and often had long spines projecting from their frills. Chasmosaurines are currently known definitively from rocks in western Canada, the western United States, and northern Mexico.

We now know that all ceratopsia used their horns in fighting.

Genera

 * Family Ceratopsidae
 * Subfamily Chasmosaurinae
 * Agathaumas - (Wyoming, USA)
 * Agujaceratops - (Texas, USA)
 * Anchiceratops - (Alberta, Canada)
 * Arrhinoceratops - (Alberta, Canada)
 * Chasmosaurus - (Alberta, Canada)
 * Coahuilaceratops - (Coahuila, Mexico)
 * ? Dysganus - (Montana, USA)
 * Kosmoceratops - (Utah, USA)
 * Medusaceratops - (Montana, USA)
 * Mojoceratops - (Alberta & Saskatchewan, Canada)
 * Pentaceratops - (New Mexico, USA)
 * ? Polyonax - (Colorado, USA)
 * ? Turanoceratops - (Uzbekistan)
 * Utahceratops - (Utah, USA)
 * Vagaceratops - (Alberta, Canada)
 * Tribe Triceratopsini
 * Eotriceratops - (Alberta, Canada)
 * Ojoceratops - (New Mexico, USA)
 * Tatankaceratops - (South Dakota, USA)
 * Titanoceratops - (New Mexico, USA)
 * Torosaurus - (Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, North Dakota, & Utah, USA & Saskatchewan, Canada)
 * Triceratops - (Montana & Wyoming, USA & Saskatchewan & Alberta, Canada)

Centrosaurinae
Centrosaurinae is another subfamily of Ceratopsia. If Chasmosaurinae had longer brow horns, centrosaurinae had very long nasal horns. They were named by paleontologist Lawrence Lambe, in 1915, with Centrosaurus as the type genus. .Their, and all other ceratopsian's brains were small.
 * Family Ceratopsidae
 * Subfamily Centrosaurinae
 * Achelousaurus - (Montana, USA)
 * Albertaceratops - (Alberta, Canada & ?Montana, USA)
 * ? Avaceratops - (Montana, USA)
 * Brachyceratops - (Montana, USA & Alberta, Canada)
 * Centrosaurus - (Alberta, Canada)
 * Diabloceratops - (Montana, USA)
 * Einiosaurus - (Montana, USA)
 * Monoclonius - (Montana, USA & Alberta, Canada)
 * Pachyrhinosaurus- (Alberta, Canada & Alaska, USA)
 * Rubeosaurus - (Montana, USA)
 * Sinoceratops - (Shandong, China)
 * Styracosaurus - (Alberta, Canada & Montana, USA)

Ornithopoda
Cladogram after Butler et al, 2011.

Fabrosauridae
Fabrosauridae is a strange family of ornithischian dinosaurs. It shared several features with both ornithopoda and thyreophora. At last, Galton defined them as primitive ornithischians.
 * Family Fabrosauridae
 * Agilisaurus?
 * Fabrosaurus
 * Gongbusaurus
 * Lesothosaurus
 * Echinodon?

Heterodontosauridae
Heterodontosauridae were the most abundant family of early ornithischians. They are usually characterized by two long incisors on the upper jaw. Their purpose is still a mystery. However they led some paleontologists to believe that heterodontosaurids bere omnivores or carnivores. The same was with Lesothosaurus.

Butler et al., 2011

Butler et al. 2010

Hypsilophodontidae, Dryosauridae, Camptosauridae
Members of these three families were very similar to each other. That's why earlier Camptosauridae and Dryosauridae were under Hypsilophodontidae.
 * Family Dryosauridae
 * Callovosaurus
 * Dryosaurus
 * Dysalotosaurus
 * Elrhazosaurus
 * Kangnasaurus
 * Valdosaurus
 * Family Camptosauridae
 * Camptosaurus
 * Family Hypsilophodontidae
 * Agilisaurus
 * A. multidens (now Hexinlusaurus)
 * Bugenasaura (now regarded as a junior synonym of Thescelosaurus)*Gasparinisaura
 * Hypsilophodon
 * Orodromeus
 * Othnielia (now Othnielosaurus)
 * Koreanosaurus
 * Parksosaurus
 * Thescelosaurus
 * Zephyrosaurus

The following genera were regarded as valid, but weren't classified: Several other genera belong here somewhere, but are very poorly known or dubious:
 * Anabisetia
 * Atlascopcosaurus
 * Drinker
 * "Gongbusaurus" wucaiwanensis (= "Eugongbusaurus")
 * Fulgurotherium
 * Jeholosaurus
 * Leaellynasaura
 * Notohypsilophodon
 * Qantassaurus
 * Yandusaurus
 * Laosaurus
 * Nanosaurus
 * Phyllodon
 * Siluosaurus

Iguanodontidae and Rhabdodontidae
Most of ornithopoda are very similar to each other, and Rhabdodontidae and Iguanodontidae are no exception. Once practically all memebers of Rhabdodontidae were assigned to Iguanodontidae.

However, iguanodontids had much larger thumb claws, so they perhaps used them for defense.
 * Family Rhabdodontidae
 * Mochlodon
 * Muttaburrasaurus
 * Rhabdodon
 * Zalmoxes
 * Family Iguanodontidae
 * Dollodon
 * Mantellisaurus
 * Iguanodon

Hadrosauroidea
Hadrosauridae (informally known as "duck-billed dinosaurs", because of their beak) is a family of herbivorous Hadrosauriformes. It includes ancestors and closest relatives of Hadrosauridae.

Cladogram after Prieto-Marquez and Norell (2010).

Lambeosaurinae
It is a subfamily of hadrosauridae. Lambeosaurinae differenched from other membersof their family by having crests on their heads. Some were helmet-shaped, like in Corythosaurus, some were tube-like, such as in Parasaurolophus. They could be brightly coloured or adorned, or in the case of Parasaurolophus, could be used to make sound. Some paleontologists even supposed that they used ultrasound as defense. However there is no evidence to support this theory.

Probably the first of them was Eolambia.

Hadrosauridae was first defined as a clade, by Forster in a 1997 abstract, as simply "Lambeosaurinae plus Hadrosaurinae and their most recent common ancestor." The following cladogram was recovered in a 2010 phylogenetic analysis by Prieto-Márquez.

Saurolophinae
This is another subfamily of Hadrosauridae. They very rarely have crests, but most species had some strange fleshy appendages on their noses. They could be used as resonators.

Saurolophinae (formerly Hadrosaurinae) is usually considered to include the following genera:
 * †Anasazisaurus
 * †Barsboldia
 * †Brachylophosaurus
 * †Edmontosaurus
 * †Gryposaurus
 * †Kerberosaurus
 * †Kritosaurus
 * †Lophorhothon
 * †Maiasaura
 * †Naashoibitosaurus
 * †Prosaurolophus
 * †Saurolophus
 * †Shantungosaurus
 * †Willinakaqe
 * †Wulagasaurus