User:Lds/Sandbox/List of administrative divisions of Eastern Wu

The following is a list of administrative divisions of the state of Eastern Wu (222–280) during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) of China. Most of the administrative divisions were inherited from the system used during the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220). The system was composed of the following units in increasing order of hierarchy: xian (縣; county), jun (郡; commandery), and zhou (州; province). The year of reference is 280.

Historical background and overview
In 195, the warlord Sun Ce started on a series of conquests in the Jiangdong (or Wu) region. He attacked rival warlords such as Liu Yao and Yan Baihu and conquered most of Yang Province, including the six commanderies of Danyang, Wu, Kuaiji, Yuzhang, Luling and Lujiang. These lands served as the foundation of his power bloc.

Sun Ce was assassinated in 200 and was succeeded by his younger brother, Sun Quan. Sun Quan built on the foundation established by Sun Ce by pacifying the restless Shanyue tribes in the Wu territories and expanding his boundaries further south. After the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208, Sun Quan gained most of eastern Jing Province and reached an agreement with his ally, Liu Bei, to divide the territories in Jing Province along the Xiang River between their domains. At the same time, he also conquered Jiao Province in the south from the warlord Shi Xie.

In 219, Sun Quan sent his general Lü Meng to stealthily invade and capture Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province while Guan Yu, Liu Bei's general in charge of Jing Province, was away at the Battle of Fancheng. The invasion was successful and Guan Yu was captured in an ambush and executed. By then, Sun Quan was in full control of the entire southern Jing Province.

The Wu territories became generally more stable by the late 220s after Sun Quan declared himself emperor in 229 and established the state of Eastern Wu. During his reign, he made peace with the state of Shu Han (founded by Liu Bei) and reestablished the Sun–Liu alliance (as the Wu–Shu alliance). He also launched several campaigns against the state of Cao Wei to the north, but did not make any significant territorial gains beyond north of the Huai River region. At the same time, he also consolidated his power base by expanding his territorial boundaries eastward and southward.

Throughout the reigns of Sun Quan's sons and successors, Sun Liang and Sun Xiu, Eastern Wu's territorial boundaries remained generally unchanged and stable – apart from sporadic insurgencies and rebellions in the southern commanderies.

In 263, Eastern Wu's ally state, Shu Han, was conquered by the state of Cao Wei. Two years later, Cao Wei itself was replaced by the Jin dynasty. The balance of power in China gradually shifted in favour of the Jin dynasty when Jin forces managed to conquer some Wu territories over time with the aid of defectors from Wu. At the same time, Wu's military power was also drastically weakened from its military campaigns in Guang and Jiao provinces in the south. The locals in these two provinces were also unwilling to submit to Wu rule and rebelled from time to time. In 280, the Jin dynasty launched a massive military campaign against Eastern Wu and scored a major victory; Sun Hao, the last Wu emperor, surrendered to the Jin dynasty. Around the time of its fall, Eastern Wu ruled an estimated total of four provinces, 45 commanderies, two sub-divisions governed by Commandants, one sub-division governed by a Diannong Colonel, two vassal states, and 328 counties.

Geographical overview
The territories of Eastern Wu covered much of south China. Its northern boundaries reached the southern banks of the Yangtze, Huai and Han rivers; its western boundaries reached the Three Gorges region; its eastern borders reached the coast; its southern boundaries reached northern Vietnam.

Guang Province (廣州)
Guang Province covered roughly present-day Guangdong Province (excluding Qingyuan and Shaoguan and the Leizhou Peninsula) and most of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (excluding Guilin in the west, and Fangchenggang, Qinzhou and Beihai in the south).

Cangwu Commandery (蒼梧郡)
The capital of Cangwu Commandery was at Guangxin County.

Gaoliang Commandery (高涼郡)
The capital of Gaoliang Commandery was at Anning County.

Gaoxing Commandery (高興郡)
The capital of Gaoxing Commandery was at Guanghua County. Gaoxing Commandery existed from 264–280.

Guilin Commandery (桂林郡)
The capital of Guilin Commandery was at Wu'an County.

Nanhai Commandery (南海郡)
The capital of Nanhai Commandery was at Panyu County.

Yulin Commandery (鬱林郡)
The capital of Yulin Commandery was at Yinping County.

Jiao Province (交州)
Jiao Province covered roughly most of present-day Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and northern Vietnam. After 264, its geographical coverage was reduced to the Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong Province, Fangchenggang, Qinzhou and Beihai in southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and northern Vietnam.


 * Defunct commanderies
 * Rinan Commandery (日南郡; commandery capital at Lệ Thủy District, Đồng Hới, Vietnam) was established in the Eastern Han dynasty. It was abolished during Sun Hao's reign and its counties were absorbed into Jiude Commandery.
 * Ningpu Commandery (寧浦郡) was established in 218 by separating counties from Yulin, Gaoliang and Hepu commanderies. It was abolished later and its counties were absorbed into Hepu Commandery.

Hepu Commandery (合浦郡)
The capital of Hepu Commandery was at Hepu County.

Commandant of North Hepu (合浦北部都尉)
A sub-division of Hepu Commandery was overseen by the "Commandant of North Hepu". This capital of this sub-division was at Pingshan County.

Jiaozhi Commandery (交趾郡)
The capital of Jiaozhi Commandery was at Longbian County.

Jiude Commandery (九德郡)
The capital of Jiude Commandery was at Xianhuan County. Jiude Commandery existed from 278–280.

Rinan Vassal State (日南屬國)
A sub-division of Jiude Commandery was known as "Rinan Vassal State". This capital of this sub-division was at Lurong County.

Jiuzhen Commandery (九真郡)
The capital of Jiuzhen Commandery was at Xupu County.

Wuping Commandery (武平郡)
The capital of Wuping Commandery was at Fengxi County. Wuping Commandery existed from 271–280.

Xinchang Commandery (新昌郡)
The capital of Xinchang Commandery was at Miling County. Xinchang Commandery existed from 271–280.

Zhuya Commandery (珠崖郡)
The capital of Zhuya Commandery was at Xuwen County. Zhuya Commandery existed from 242–280.

Jing Province (荊州)
Jing Province was split between the states of Cao Wei and Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. The Wu-controlled portion covered parts of present-day Hubei Province south of the Daba Mountains and Han River, Hunan Province, parts of northern Guangdong Province, northwestern Guangxi Province, and eastern Guizhou Province. Its capital was at Jiangling County (present-day Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, Hubei) in Nan Commandery.


 * Defunct commanderies
 * Xiling Commandery (西陵郡) was established in 219 by separating Yangxin and Xiazhi counties from Jiangxia Commandery to form a new commandery. It was abolished in 221 and the two counties were transferred to Wuchang Commandery.
 * Guling Commandery (固陵郡) was established in 219 by separating Wu and Zigui counties from Yidu Commandery to form a new commandery. It was abolished in 222 and the two counties were returned to Yidu Commandery.
 * Wuchang Commandery (武昌郡; commandery capital at present-day Echeng District, Ezhou, Hubei) was established in 221 by separating counties from Lujiang, Jiangxia, Xiling and Yuzhang commanderies. It was abolished between 222–229, briefly restored between 265–266, and abolished again.
 * Yingyang Commandery (營陽郡; commandery capital at northeast of Dao County, Hunan) was established in 265 by separating four counties from Lingling Commandery. It was abolished later and the four counties returned to Lingling Commandery.

Changsha Commandery (長沙郡)
The capital of Changsha Commandery was at Linxiang County.

Guiyang Commandery (桂陽郡)
The capital of Guiyang Commandery was at Chen County.

Hengyang Commandery (衡陽郡)
The capital of Hengyang Commandery was at Xiangnan County. Hengyang Commandery existed from 257–280.

Jiangxia Commandery (江夏郡)
The capital of Jiangxia Commandery was at Shaxian County from 220–221, at Lushan County from 221–228, and at Wuchang County from 229–280.

Jianping Commandery (建平郡)
The capital of Jianping Commandery was at Wu County from 260–269 and at Zigui County from 269–280. Jianping Commandery existed from 260–280.

Lingling Commandery (零陵郡)
The capital of Lingling Commandery was at Quanling County.

Linhe Commandery (臨賀郡)
The capital of Linhe Commandery was at Linhe County. Linhe Commandery existed from 226–280.

Nan Commandery (南郡)
The capital of Nan Commandery was at Jiangling County.

Shi'an Commandery (始安郡)
The capital of Shi'an Commandery was at Shi'an County. Shi'an Commandery existed from 265–280.

Shixing Commandery (始興郡)
The capital of Shixing Commandery was at Qujiang County. Shixing Commandery existed from 265–280.

Tianmen Commandery (天門郡)
The capital of Tianmen Commandery was at Lingyang County. Tianmen Commandery existed from 263–280.

Wuling Commandery (武陵郡)
The capital of Wuling Commandery was at Linyuan County.

Xiangdong Commandery (湘東郡)
The capital of Xiangdong Commandery was at Ling County. Xiangdong Commandery existed from 257–280.

Yidu Commandery (宜都郡)
The capital of Yidu County was at Yidao County.

Zhaoling Commandery (昭陵郡)
The capital of Zhaoling Commandery was at Zhaoling County. Zhaoling Commandery existed from 266–280.

Yang Province (揚州)
Yang Province was split between the states of Cao Wei and Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. The Wu-controlled portion of Yang Province covered present-day southern Jiangsu Province, southern Anhui Province, Zhejiang Province, Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province. Its capital was at Jianye County (present-day Moling Town, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu) in Danyang Commandery.


 * Defunct commanderies
 * Dong'an Commandery (東安郡; commandery capital at Fuyang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang) was established in 226. In the mid-220s, when rebellions broke out in Danyang, Wu and Kuaiji commanderies, Sun Quan redrew the boundaries in these three commanderies and created Dong'an Commandery. He then appointed Quan Cong as the commandery's Administrator and tasked him with suppressing the rebellions. Dong'an Commandery was abolished in 228 and its counties were returned to their original commanderies.
 * Guzhang Commandery (故鄣郡; commandery capital at northeast of Shitai County, Anhui) was established between 258–264. Its counties were previously in southern Danyang Commandery. The commandery was abolished later.
 * Baqiu Commandery (巴丘郡) was established during Sun Hao's reign. It had two counties: Xintu County, originally under Yuzhang Commandery; Shiyang County, originally under Luling Commandery. The commandery was abolished later.
 * Yunyang Commandery (雲陽郡) was established sometime between 232–238 and abolished later.

Ancheng Commandery (安成郡)
The capital of Ancheng Commandery was at Pingdu County. Ancheng Commandery existed from 267–280.

Danyang Commandery (丹楊郡)
The capital of Danyang Commandery was at Jianye County from 220–222, at Wuhu County from 222–254, and Wanling County from 254–280.

Dongyang Commandery (東陽郡)
The capital of Dongyang Commandery was at Changshan County. Dongyang Commandery existed from 266–280.

Jian'an Commandery (建安郡)
The capital of Jian'an Commandery was at Jian'an County. Jian'an Commandery existed from 257–280.

Kuaiji Commandery (會稽郡)
The capital of Kuaiji Commandery was at Shanyin County.

Linchuan Commandery (臨川郡)
The capital of Linchuan Commandery was at Nancheng County. Linchuan Commandery existed from 257–280.

Linhai Commandery (臨海郡)
The capital of Linhai Commandery was at Zhang'an County.

Lujiang Commandery (廬江郡)
The capital of Lujiang Commandery was at Wan County.

Luling Commandery (廬陵郡)
The capital of Luling Commandery was at Gaochang County.

Commandant of South Luling (廬陵南部都尉)
A sub-division of Luling Commandery was overseen by the "Commandant of South Luling". This capital of this sub-division was at Yudu County.

Poyang Commandery (鄱陽郡)
The capital of Poyang Commandery was at Poyang County.

Qichun Commandery (蘄春郡)
The capital of Qichun Commandery was at Qichun County.

Wu Commandery (吳郡)
The capital of Wu Commandery was at Wu County.

Diannong Colonel of Piling (毗陵典農校尉)
A sub-division of Wu Commandery was overseen by the "Diannong Colonel of Piling". This capital of this sub-division was at Piling County.

Wuxing Commandery (吳興郡)
The capital of Wuxing Commandery was at Wucheng County. Wuxing Commandery existed from 266–280.

Xindu Commandery (新都郡)
The capital of Xindu Commandery was at Shixin County.

Yuzhang Commandery (豫章郡)
The capital of Yuzhang Commandery was at Nanchang County.