User:Matsfridlund/Drafts/Russian radicalizations

Russian Radicalizations, 1866-81

 * 1) 1866 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Navy pistol model 1849 mg 5112.jpg|20px]] 16 april 1866, failed assassination against Alexandre II by Dimitri Karakosov.
 * 2) 1876 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Fairbairn-Sykes knife.jpg|20px]] Summer 1876, failed assassination attempt against suspected police spy Nicholas E. Gorinovich by Lev Deich and accomplice using a ball and chain and acid.
 * 3) 1877 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Fairbairn-Sykes knife.jpg|20px]] Summer ?/19/? june, Andrei Korneevich Presniakov and Nikolai Andreevich Tiutchev muredered an traitor N.F. Sharashkin, railroad worker in Nova Derevna near St Petersburg. (Haberer, 149; Hardy, 57)
 * 4) 1877 : [[Image:Flag of Italy.svg|20px]] [[Image:Nuvola apps cache.png|20px]] Le 5 avril 1877, début de l'insurrection dans le Bénévent italien organisée par une trentaine d'anarchistes dont Errico Malatesta et Carlo Cafiero.
 * 5) 1877 : [[Image:Civil Ensign of Switzerland.svg|20px]] [[Image:Nuvola apps edu languages.svg|20px]] Le 9 juin 1877, conférence animée à Genève par Andrea Costa sur la « propagande par le fait ».
 * 6) 1877 : [[Image:Civil Ensign of Switzerland.svg|20px]] [[Image:Newspaper Cover.svg|20px]] Le 5 août 1877, parution d'un article de Paul Brousse publié par le Bulletin de la Fédération jurassienne, dans lequel il défend la « propagande par le fait ».
 * 7) 1878 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Ruger P89 3.png|20px]] 24 January 1878, assassination attempt against St Petersburgs governor Theodore Trepov by Vera Zasulich shooting two shots 2/1/1 with a British Bulldog revolver.
 * 8) 1878 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Ruger P89 3.png|20px]] [[Image:Skull and Crossbones.svg|20px]] 2/14 February 1878, assassination of agent provocateur Akim Nikonov by Ivan Ivichevich and Rostislav Steblin-Kamensky in Rostov. "Early in 1878 four spies were shot : Nikonov in Rostov (1/13 feb), Fetisov [3/15 mars] at Odessa, and in Moscow Rosenzweig and Reinstein. Sembrandsky, of Kiev, who wore a coat of mail, escaped, [24 mars/5 april] but afterwards took his own life."(Edmund Noble, "The Russian Revolt, Its Causes, Conditions, and Prospects" (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885), 205.
 * 9) 1878 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Ruger P89 3.png|20px]] 23 February/7 mars 1878, failed assassination attempt against vice-prosecutor Kotlyarevsky by Valerian Osinsky with Ivan Ivichevich and A.F. Medvedev (Fomin) shooting six revolver shots 6/?/0 with a revolver.
 * 10) 1878 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Ruger P89 3.png|20px]] 24 February/8 mars 1878, failed assassination attempt against vice-prosecutor Kotlyarevsky by Valerian Osinsky.
 * 11) 1878 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Ruger P89 3.png|20px]] [[Image:Skull and Crossbones.svg|20px]] 3/15 mars 1878, assassination of agent provocateur Fetisov in Odessa. "Early in 1878 four spies were shot : Nikonov in Rostov (1/13 feb), Fetisov [3/15 mars] at Odessa, and in Moscow Rosenzweig and Reinstein. Sembrandsky, of Kiev, who wore a coat of mail, escaped, [24 mars/5 april] but afterwards took his own life."(Edmund Noble, "The Russian Revolt, Its Causes, Conditions, and Prospects" (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885), 205.
 * 12) 1878 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Ruger P89 3.png|20px]] [[Image:Skull and Crossbones.svg|20px]] 24 mars/5 april 1878, assassination of agent provocateur Sembrandsky in Kiev. "Early in 1878 four spies were shot : Nikonov in Rostov (1/13  feb), Sembrandsky [24 mars/5 april] at Kiev, and in Moscow Rosenzweig and Reinstein. Sembrandsky, of Kiev, who wore a coat of mail, escaped, [] but afterwards took his own life."(Edmund Noble, "The Russian Revolt, Its Causes, Conditions, and Prospects" (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885), 205.
 * 13) 1878 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Fairbairn-Sykes knife.jpg|20px]] [[Image:Skull and Crossbones.svg|20px]] Le 24 May/5 juni 1878, assassination of Baron Heyking, adjutant of the Kiev police by Grigory Anfimovich Popko in Kiev using a knife.
 * 14) 1878 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Fairbairn-Sykes knife.jpg|20px]] [[Image:Skull and Crossbones.svg|20px]] Le 4 aug/16 August 1878, assassination of général Mezentsoff, chief of the secret police by Russian nihilist Stepniak using a knife.
 * 15) 1878 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] 18 aug/30 Augusti 1878, Foiled assassination against the tsar. Enligt Stepniak, 49.
 * 16) 1878 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Ruger P89 3.png|20px]] [[Image:Skull and Crossbones.svg|20px]] 1/13 February 1878, assassination of agent provocateur Nikonov by Ivan Ivichevich and Rostislav Steblin-Kamensky in Rostov.
 * 17) 1879 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Ruger P89 3.png|20px]] [[Image:Skull and Crossbones.svg|20px]] Le 9/21 février 1879, assassinat du prince Kropotkine, gouverneur de Kharkov et cousin de Pierre Kropotkine, par Grigori Goldenberg au nom de la Narodnaya Volya.
 * 18) 1879 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Skull and Crossbones.svg|20px]] On 22/7 march 1879 in Odessa, chief of police Colonel Knoop found strangled in his bed with a message from the executive committee in his hand.
 * 19) 1879 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Ruger P89 3.png|20px]] 13/25 March 1879, assassination attempt against General A.K. Drentelen, successor of General Mezentsoff as head of the secret police, by Leonid Filippovich Mirsky shooting several shots against him in St Petersburg.
 * 20) 1879 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Skull and Crossbones.svg|20px]] On 29/10 april 1879 in Archangel, chief of police Pietrovski stabbed in his house.
 * 21) 1879 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Ruger P89 3.png|20px]] Le 14 avril 1879, tentative d'assassinat du tsar Alexandre II par Alexandre Soloviev.
 * 22) 1879 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Nuvola apps core.png|20px]] Le 19 novembre 1879, attentat contre le tsar Alexander II organisé par Hartmann au nom de la Narodnaya Volya.
 * 23) 1877 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Fairbairn-Sykes knife.jpg|20px]] 5/17 feb, Andrei Korneevich Presniakov and E. Olhovskiy) shot traitor Zharkov at the bridge on the ice Tuchkova Little Neva in St Petersburg.
 * 24) 1880 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] [[Image:Nuvola apps core.png|20px]] [[Image:Skull and Crossbones.svg|20px]] Le 17 février 1880, attentat contre le tsar Alexandre II au Palais d'hiver de Saint Petersbourg organisé par Ivan Khaltourine au nom de la Narodnaya Volya (11 morts, 58 blessés).
 * 25) 1881 : [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|border|20px]] [[Image:Nuvola apps core.png|20px]] [[Image:Skull and Crossbones.svg|20px]] 1/13 mars 1881, assassinat de l'empereur Alexandre II de Russie par la Narodnaya Volya.

"During the last thirty years there have been one hundred and thirty-five political prosecutions in Russia, involving the arrest and punishment of 1356 persons. Of these a very large number were sentenced to hard labor in the mines or banished for life to Siberia. Fortyfive of the accused were either shot or hung: five in the reign of Nicholas, thirty-one under Alexander II., and nine in the reign of the THE DYNAMIC PERIOD. 211 present emperor. During the same period about fifty political prisoners met their death by violence in the gaols, or while serving a sentence of banishment. Between 1878 and 1882 the police shot eighV persons during demonstrations, arrests, etc. Three others took their own lives in order to avoid falling into the hands of the authorities. The number of persons thrown^ into prison or banished without preliminary trial, under the so-called " administrative procedure," is very large, but cannot be stated with any degree of certainty. During the past twenty years about two hundred persons fled from prisons or places of banishment ; most of them succeeded in reaching western Europe." (Edmund Noble, "The Russian Revolt, Its Causes, Conditions, and Prospects" (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885), 210-11)