User:Mr. Ibrahem/Blood sugar level

Blood sugar level, also known as glycaemia, is a measure of amount of the sugar, glucose in the blood. In someone who has not eaten, levels are generally 3.9 to 5.6 mmol/L (70 to 100 mg/dL). Fasting levels greater than 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) on two separate occasions indicates diabetes. Levels below 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) is known as hypoglycemia, though levels as low as 2.8 (50 mg/dL) may be normal in those without diabetes. After eating levels may be as high as 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), though decrease to below 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) at two hours. Newborns may have levels as low as 1.1 to 1.4 mmol/L (20 to 25 mg/dL) in the first few hours of life.

There are different methods of measuring current blood sugar levels including glucometers and continuous glucose monitors. An HbA1C test is a measure of average blood sugar levels over the last 2 to 3 month. Inaccurate measurements may occur with poorly stored test strips, extremes of temperature, high elevation, and certain medications like vitamin C, dopamine, and acetaminophen. Readings may be inaccurately high with sugar containing products on the skin, low hematocrit, high uric acid, or low oxygen levels. Readings may be inaccurately low with poor circulation to the skin, high triglycerides, or high blood oxygen.

The body tightly regulates blood glucose. Glucose is stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells in the form of glycogen; in fasting, blood glucose is maintained at a constant level from these glycogen stores. Glucose is critical for function, particularly of the brain which consumes about 60% of glucose in sedentary individuals. It can be transported from the intestines or liver to other tissues via the blood. Cellular uptake is primarily regulated by insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas. Approximately 4 grams is present in the blood of a 70 kg (154 lb) human.