User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pubic lice

Pubic lice, also known as crabs or pediculosis pubis, is an infestation by the pubic louse. It most commonly occurs on pubic hair, though other large diameter hair such as armpit, beard, eyebrow, or eyelash may be involved. The main symptom is itching in the groin area. There may be grey-blue discolouration at the feeding site, blood stains, and crusts and eggs (nits) and live lice may be seen. Complications may include a secondary bacterial infection as a result of scratching.

The cause is the pubic louse, Pthirus pubis, a wingless insect which feeds on human blood and lays its eggs on hair or clothing. It is usually spread during sex, but can be transmitted via bedding, clothing, or towels. It is more common in crowded conditions. Diagnosis is by finding the nits or live lice, either directly or with a magnifying glass. When infested the typical number of lice present is about a dozen. Testing for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is recommended.

First line treatment is with either permethrin or pyrethrin combined with piperonyl butoxide applied to the skin. Two rounds of treatment at least a week apart is usually required to kill newly hatched lice. Other treatments that may be used include the application of malathion or taking ivermectin by mouth. Washing bedding and clothing in hot water kills the lice and further spread can be prevented by avoiding sexual contact until better. Eggs may be removed by combing pubic hair with a comb dipped in vinegar. Sexual partners should also be treated.

Worldwide, the condition affects about 2% of the population. Infestations with pubic lice are found in all parts of the world, occurs in all ethnic groups, and all levels of society. Adults are more commonly affected than children. Pubic lice have been described in ancient history with cases involving soldiers in the second century.