User:Mr. Ibrahem/Typhus
| Typhus | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Typhus fever |
 | |
| Rash caused by epidemic typhus | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Fever, headache, rash[1] |
| Usual onset | 1–2 weeks after exposure[2] |
| Causes | Bacterial infection spread by parasites[1] |
| Treatment | Doxycycline[2] |
| Frequency | Rare[3] |
Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus.[1] Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash.[1] Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure.[2]
The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection.[1] Epidemic typhus is due to Rickettsia prowazekii spread by body lice, scrub typhus is due to Orientia tsutsugamushi spread by chiggers, and murine typhus is due to Rickettsia typhi spread by fleas.[1]
Currently no vaccine is commercially available.[3][4][5] Prevention is by reducing exposure to the organisms that spread the disease.[3][4][5] Treatment is with the antibiotic doxycycline.[2] Epidemic typhus generally occurs in outbreaks when poor sanitary conditions and crowding are present.[6] While once common, it is now rare.[3] Scrub typhus occurs in Southeast Asia, Japan, and northern Australia.[4] Murine typhus occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world.[5]
Typhus has been described since at least 1528 AD.[7] The name comes from the Greek tûphos (τύφος) meaning hazy, describing the state of mind of those infected.[7] While "typhoid" means "typhus-like", typhus and typhoid fever are distinct diseases caused by different types of bacteria.[8]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f "Typhus Fevers". www.cdc.gov. 7 March 2017. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
- ^ a b c d "Information for Health Care Providers". www.cdc.gov. 7 March 2017. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
- ^ a b c d "Epidemic Typhus". www.cdc.gov. 7 March 2017. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
- ^ a b c "Scrub Typhus". www.cdc.gov. 7 March 2017. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
- ^ a b c "Murine Typhus". www.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
- ^ "WHO | Typhus". www.who.int. May 1997. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
- ^ a b Bennett, John E.; Dolin, Raphael; Blaser, Martin J. (2014). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 2217. ISBN 9780323263733. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
- ^ Evans, Alfred S.; Brachman, Philip S. (2013). Bacterial Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control. Springer. p. 839. ISBN 9781461553274. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.