User:Mr. Ibrahem/Urethral cancer

Urethral cancer is cancer originating from the urethra. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, lump at end of penis, pain with sex, or bloody discharge. Complications may include urinary retention and priapism.

Risk factors may include prolonged irritations from urinary catheterization, chronic inflammation due to infection, radiation, diverticula of the urethra, or urethral strictures. The most common types are urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell cancer, and adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis is established by transurethral biopsy. The disease is classified by the TNM staging system and the World Health Organization.

Treatment may include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Outcomes are often poor with a five-year survival rate of 46%. Urethral cancer is rare, representing less than 1% of cancers. About 4.3 cases occur per million males and 1.5 cases per million females in the United States. The typical age at diagnosis is 73.