User:Ms Bu/FreiburgStühlinger

Stühlinger
Stühlinger is a district to the west of the historic city center of Freiburg im Breisgau. In December 2013, 18,300 residents lived in the neighborhood. There are three boroughs: Stühlinger-Beurbarung, Stühlinger-Eschholz and Alt-Stühlinger. Although historically correct, the railroad Freiburg-Colmar is the north end of the Stühlinger and therefore Stühlinger-Beurbarung is not part of the district anymore. The district borders the area of the central train station of the Deutsche Bahn AG to the east, the river Dreisam to the south, tracks of the railroad freight transportation to the west and the district Brühl to the north.

History
Today´s area of Stühlinger was previously a marsh and meadow terrain. Farmers from Betzenhausen used the "Mittelheuweg" to get to the Münster market to sell their goods. This path corresponded roughly with the modern tracks of the tram. The Lords of Stühlingen owed part of the land used for agriculture.

Two main parts were important for the development of the Stühlinger district: for one the demographic growth in the second half of the 19th century, and second the new Baden mainline between Offenburg and Basel in 1845, with a stop in Freiburg. The transportation of cargo benefitted from this newly built train station. The end and recovery from the Franco-Prussian war and the foundation of the German Reich in 1871 pushed the development further.

As a result, the city of Freiburg designated three streets parallel to the tracks of the railsroad and five crossroads as a new building site named " Hinterm Bahnhof" ("Behind the train station"). The district was not called Stühlinger until 1886. Field names were also "Escholz" and "Stühlinger", named after the Lords of Stühlingen.

Beginning in 1875, the area behind the train station had been developed. A pedestrian subway at the train station and a bridge ending at the church square in Stühlinger were and still are the connections to the city center. The bridge was originally named "Stühlinger Bridge" but is now named after the sister town Wiwilí in Nicaragua. It is also known as the Blue bridge, because of the blue paint coat. The church "Herz-Jesu-Kirch" ("Sacred Heart Church") was built in the style of the Limburg Cathedral and became the visible center of the district. Behind the chruch two school buildings were developed: One for boys and one for girls.

Besides residental development companies and public utility installations located in the new district. For example a gas work, which was located in the Wiehere before moved to the south of Stühlinger and a new power station was built. Closeby the building company of Brenzinger & Cie. and a brewerei of Louis Sinner were built as well as a pump company named "Lederle". Other companys were: a lock company (Theodor Kromer ), a tinder company (Klingele), a organ and orchetrion company (M. Welte and sons), a company for lifting equipment (Birmelin Brothers), and other smaller businesses.

The new main cemetery of the city was built in 1872 and starting in 1926 new buildings of the university medical center were built closeby. The in 1916 completed new bold Lutheran church was completely destroyed after the Second World War and was rebuilt modestly on the 1950s. A mental hospital was added in 1877 which was controversial if it would damage the image of the district. A year after the bombardement on Novermber 27, 1944 a light railway was installed to transport the rubber of the destroyed buildings to the former gravel quarry "Flückinger". Today it is assumed that the remains of Phosphor in the bombs are the reason for the high amount of Phosphor in the "Flückingersee" which has arose there.

After the end of the Second World War the development of the Stühlinger towards the west continued. For example another Catholic church(St.Josef) and a Protestant church (Church of the Holy Cross) were built as well as a vocational school. Building authorities and the employment agency established their locations here, and a clinic concerned with tumors and more dormitories for students were set up.

Facilities
Education

There are mmany preschools located in the borough.

As far as elementary education the "Hebelschule" is a elementary school as well as a school for lower secondary education (Hauptschule).

The "Hansjakobschule" is a secondary school/middle school (Realschule). Both of the schools are next to the Sacred-Heard Church and were once built being single-gender schools.

There are more secondary schools such as the vocational school, which houses different departments for various careers. The "Max-Weber-Schule" offers a lot of options regarding careers in the economy. A school of the University Medical Center trains future nurses.

Culture

There are some coffee shops, bars, restuarants, alternative shops, handicraft businesses and some shopping opportunities.

Authorities

Some authorities mentioned before: University Medical Center, Employment Agency, Building Authorities as well as dormatories for students. A cultural facility which is known in Freiburg is the former electrical company "E-Werk" which is used as a artist´s workshop, exhibition rooms or for theater productions.

Parks

The Stühlinger church square is a very popular place to hang out especially in summer. There are trees and a lawn which is often used for sunpathing and picnics. There is also a playground for children. The Escholspark is located between the Max-Weber-Schule and the vocational school center. An oversized garden hose is the most apparent feature of the park. It was created by Coosje van Bruggen and Claes Oldenburg. It is a landmark to remember the horticultural use of the area. The park-like main cemetera in the north is a public space as well.

Memorials
There are several memorials which were built to remmeber the history of the city of Freiburg or the district of Stühlinger in particular.


 * "Fünfwundenkreuz" (Five Holy Wounds): To remember the fallen and sick soldiers of the German campaign of 1813
 * A memorial site to remember the Bombing of Freiburg on 10 May 1940
 * The Hebelschule remembers the deported Jews who were forcefully brough to the Gurs internment camp in France with a memorial plaque at the main entrance. The schoolyard was used as central gathering point in the night of October 21st 1940.
 * A memorial stone remembers the mental hospital ("Kreispflegeanstalt für geistig und körperlich Behinderte") which was shut down by the Nazis in 1940. In the following months most of the patients were killed as part of the Action T4.
 * There are two commemorative tablets on the Wiwilí bridge to commemorate Berndt Koberstein and Albrecht Pflaum, who were killed by the Contras, a nicaraguan group of rebel groups.


 * There are also several Stolpersteine to commemorate victims of the Holocaust. :




 * {| class="wikitable" "

! Name || Year of Birth || Where they lived || Year and destination of deportation|| Fate
 * - class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * Karl Balzer || 1885 || Lehener Straße 14 || Imprisoned 1943 || Death 18. Dezember 1943, House of Correction in Bruchsal
 * Leo Bloch || 1882 || Engelbergerstraße 39 || 1940 Gurs || 1942 Auschwitz; pronounced dead
 * Nathan Bloch || 1878 || Engelbergerstraße 39 || 1940 Gurs || 1942 Auschwitz; pronounced dead
 * Robert Burgheimer || 1882 || Klarastraße 29 || 1940 Gurs ||Death in Auschwitz
 * Ida Heilbrunner || 1890 || Egonstraße 48 || 1940 Gurs || Killed Auschwitz
 * Carla Lindemann, geb. Gombrich || 1889 || Engelbergerstraße 39 || 1940 Gurs || Death 24. Mai 1942 in Toulouse
 * Kurt Lindemann || 1876 || Engelbergerstraße 39 || 1940 Gurs || Survived
 * Max Maier || 1880 || Fedderstraße 6 || 1943 || Killed in Majdanek
 * Leo Metzger || 1880 || Zunftstr. 7 || 1940 Gurs || Death in Auschwitz
 * Hedwig Metzger geb. Levi || 1892 || Zunftstr. 7 || 1940 Gurs || Death in Auschwitz
 * Christian Nußbaum || 1888 || Barbarastr. 1 || Imprisoned 1933 || Death in a mental hospital 1939
 * Gustav Adolf Weber || 1904 || Lehener Straße 14 || deserted 1943 || shot during his flight on 29. Juni 1943, in the Rhine near Maxau
 * }
 * Kurt Lindemann || 1876 || Engelbergerstraße 39 || 1940 Gurs || Survived
 * Max Maier || 1880 || Fedderstraße 6 || 1943 || Killed in Majdanek
 * Leo Metzger || 1880 || Zunftstr. 7 || 1940 Gurs || Death in Auschwitz
 * Hedwig Metzger geb. Levi || 1892 || Zunftstr. 7 || 1940 Gurs || Death in Auschwitz
 * Christian Nußbaum || 1888 || Barbarastr. 1 || Imprisoned 1933 || Death in a mental hospital 1939
 * Gustav Adolf Weber || 1904 || Lehener Straße 14 || deserted 1943 || shot during his flight on 29. Juni 1943, in the Rhine near Maxau
 * }
 * Christian Nußbaum || 1888 || Barbarastr. 1 || Imprisoned 1933 || Death in a mental hospital 1939
 * Gustav Adolf Weber || 1904 || Lehener Straße 14 || deserted 1943 || shot during his flight on 29. Juni 1943, in the Rhine near Maxau
 * }
 * Gustav Adolf Weber || 1904 || Lehener Straße 14 || deserted 1943 || shot during his flight on 29. Juni 1943, in the Rhine near Maxau
 * }
 * }