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A shear force is applied to the top of the rectangle that deform the rectangle into a parallelogram. Having a higher shear strength increases the force needed to deform the rectangle.

Equations

For average shear stress

$\tau \scriptstyle (avg)={\frac {V}{A}}$

where

$\tau \scriptstyle (avg)$ is the average shear stress,

$V$ is the shear force applied to each section of the part, and

$A$ is the area of the section.

Average shear stress can also be defined as the total force of $V$ as

$V=\int \tau dA$

Practically, the equations only give an approximation. Stress is not often equally distributed across a part so the shear strength would need to be higher to count for the estimate along with a factor of safety.

Comparisons

There are no published standard values for shear strength like with tensile and yield strength. Instead, it is common for it to be estimated as 60% of the ultimate tensile strength. Shear strength can be measures by a torsion test where it is equal to there torsional strength.