User:Nonenmac/Northeast Invasive Plants

=Exotic plants of the Eastern Finger Lakes region=

Keys
General color-coding for tables
 * {|class=wikitable


 * -bgcolor=#edd
 * Red || Non-native, exotic || invasive in Eastern Finger Lakes
 * -bgcolor=#eed
 * Yellow || Non-native, exotic || probably not invasive in Eastern Finger Lakes
 * -bgcolor=#ded
 * Green || Native to general region || probably not invasive in Eastern Finger Lakes
 * -bgcolor=#dde
 * Blue || Native to general region || possibly invasive in Eastern Finger Lakes
 * }

From The New York Invasive Species Clearinghouse (2011)
 * {|class=wikitable

!width=100|Rank & PRISMs!! Invasiveness !! Relative maximum score !aaaaaaaa!!PRISM code!! Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management
 * -bgcolor=#edd
 * NY-V aaaaaaaa|| Very High    ||> 80
 * -bgcolor=#edd
 * NY-H aaaaaaaa|| High         ||70 - 80
 * -bgcolor=#edd
 * NY-M aaaaaaaa|| Moderate     ||50 - 69.99
 * -bgcolor=#edd
 * NY-L aaaaaaaa|| Low          ||40 - 49.99
 * -bgcolor=#eed
 * NY-0 aaaaaaaa|| Insignificant ||< 40
 * -bgcolor=#eed
 * NY-N aaaaaaaa|| Not Assessed ||
 * -bgcolor=#eed
 * NY-U aaaaaaaa|| Unknown     ||Insufficient Data
 * Codes for the PRISMs from which the species has been reported
 * align=center |A M C F L H S W
 * Adirondack Park Invasive Program Capital/Mohawk Catskill Regional Invasive Species Partnership Finger Lakes Long Island Invasive Species Management Area Lower Hudson Saint Lawrence/Eastern Lake Ontario Western New York
 * }
 * }

From the New York Flora Atlas (2012)
 * {|class=wikitable


 * -bgcolor=#ded
 * NY-1 Cccc||Especially vulnerable in New York State
 * -bgcolor=#ded
 * NY-2 Cccc||Vulnerable in New York State
 * -bgcolor=#ded
 * NY-3 Cccc||Limited population in New York State
 * -bgcolor=#ded
 * NY-4 Cccc||Apparently secure in New York State
 * -bgcolor=#ded
 * NY-5 Cccc||Demonstrably secure in New York State
 * -bgcolor=#eed
 * NY-X Cccc||Exotic or not native to New York State
 * align=right| Cccc ||The first 4 letters of the county closest to Skaneateles, NY from which the species has been vouchered.
 * }
 * }

From appendices to Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)
 * {|class=wikitable


 * -bgcolor=#edd
 * CP-V ||– Highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region (Appendix 2)
 * -bgcolor=#edd
 * CP-H ||– Moderately to Highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region (Appendix 3)
 * -bgcolor=#edd
 * CP-M ||– Moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region (Appendix 4)
 * -bgcolor=#eed
 * CP-C ||– Of Concern (on Watch List) for natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region (Appendix 5)
 * }

Categories from Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998)
 * {|class=wikitable


 * -bgcolor=#edd
 * NE-H ||– Highly invasive non-native
 * -bgcolor=#edd
 * NE-M ||– Moderately invasive non-native
 * -bgcolor=#edd
 * NE-W ||– Widespread non-native plant
 * -bgcolor=#eed
 * NE-L ||– Local-concern non-native plant
 * -bgcolor=#dde
 * NE-N ||– Native, possibly invasive in some regions
 * }

Butomaceae (flowering rush family)

 * Butomus umbellatus - flowering rush, water gladiolus (NY-N ) (NE-H )

Hydrocharitaceae (tape-grass family)

 * Egeria densa       - Brazilian waterweed    (NY-H 75 LH) (NE-M )

Potamogetonaceae (pond-weed family)

 * Potamogeton crispus - curly pondweed        (NY-H 80) (NE-H )

Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis family)

 * Allium vineale         - wild garlic, wild onion, onion-grass (NE-W )

Asparagaceae (asparagus family)

 * Ornithogalum umbellatum - star-of-Bethlehem

Dioscoreaceae (yam family)

 * Dioscorea polystachya  - Chinese yam, cinnamon vine, air potato (NY-H 78) (=) Dioscorea oppositifolia (=) Dioscorea batatas

Cyperaceae (sedge family)

 * Carex kobomugi group (NY-M 69)
 * Carex kobomugi    - Japanese, Asiatic sand sedge
 * Carex macrocephala - Largehead sedge (Native to northern Pacific coasts)
 * Cyperus difformis - Variable flatsedge (NY-M 52) (LI only)

Typhaceae (cattail, bullrush family)

 * Typha angustifolia - narrow-leaved cattail

Buxaceae (box family)

 * Pachysandra terminalis - Japanese spurge, Japanese pachysandra (MIPC, WW)

Haloragaceae (watermilfoil family)

 * Myriophyllum spicatum - Eurasian water-milfoil (NE-H )

Brassicaceae (mustard family)

 * Alliaria petiolata     - Garlic mustard         (NY-V 84 AMCFLHSW) (CP-V ) (NE-H )(Onon )
 * Barbarea vulgaris      - Yellow rocket (Onon )
 * Berteroa incana        - Hoary false madwort (Onon )
 * Capsella bursa-pastoris - Shepherd's purse (Onon )
 * Cardamine impatiens    - Narrowleaf bittercress (NY-H 76)
 * Cardaria draba         - Whitetop (Onon )
 * Hesperis matronalis    - Dame's rocket (Onon )
 * Isatis tinctoria       - Dyer’s woad
 * Lepidium latifolium    - Perennial pepperweed
 * Rapistrum rugosum      - Annual bastard-cabbage

Fabaceae (pea family)

 * Albizia julibrissin  - silk tree, mimosa  (NY-L 40) (WW, PCA)
 * Caragana arborescens - Siberian peashrub  (NY-N )
 * Cytisus scoparius    - Scotch broom       (/ny)
 * Galega officinalis   - goat's rue
 * Kummerowia striata   - Japanese clover
 * Lespedeza bicolor    - Shrub bushclover   (NY-M 63)
 * Lespedeza cuneata    - Chinese bushclover (NY-H 74)
 * Lotus corniculatus   - bird's-foot trefoil
 * Melilotus officinalis - yellow sweetclover
 * Pueraria montana     - kudzu
 * Robinia hispida      - Bristly locust, mossy locust, rose acacia
 * R. hispida var. fertilis
 * R. hispida var. hispida
 * Robinia pseudoacacia - black locust (native Appalachian & Ozark)
 * Securigera varia      - crown vetch        (NY-M 62) (NE-H ) (NRCS, WW) (=) Coronilla varia
 * Trifolium (spp.)     - Clover (Onon )
 * Trifolium aureum   - hop clover
 * Trifolium campestre - large hop clover
 * Trifolium dubium   - small hop clover
 * Trifolium pratense - red clover
 * Trifolium repens   - white clover
 * Vicia cracca/villosa - bird vetch, hairy vetch   (NY-M 54 all) (Onon )
 * Vicia cracca ssp. cracca
 * Vicia cracca ssp. tenuifolia
 * Vicia villosa ssp. pseudocracca
 * Vicia villosa var. varia
 * Vicia villosa var. villosa
 * Wisteria spp.        - exotic wisterias   (NY-M 59)
 * Wisteria sinensis  - Chinese Wisteria
 * Wisteria floribunda - Japanese Wisteria

Betulaceae (birch family)

 * Alnus glutinosa - European alder, black alder (NY-M 64)
 * Betula pendula - European white birch

Euphorbiaceae (spurge family)

 * Euphorbia cyparissias - Cypress spurge
 * Euphorbia esula      - leafy spurge, wolf's milk (NE-H )

Hypericaceae (St. John's-wort family)

 * Hypericum perforatum - common St. John's-wort

Salicaceae (willow family)

 * Populus alba       - white poplar
 * Salix fragilis     - crack willow
 * Salix x sepulcralis - weeping willow

Malvaceae (mallow family)

 * Abutilon theophrasti - velvetleaf, indian mallow (Onon )
 * Hibiscus syriacus   - rose of Sharon, althea

Lythraceae (loosestrife family)

 * Lythrum salicaria - purple loosestrife (NE-H )
 * Trapa natans     - water chestnut     (NY-V 82 all-NY) (NE-H ) (Onon )

Moraceae (mulberry, fig family)

 * Broussonetia papyrifera - paper mulberry
 * Morus alba             - white mulberry

Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family)

 * Frangula alnus    - Glossy, smooth, alder buckthorn (NY-H 73 AMCFLHSW) (NE-H ) (=) Rhamnus frangula
 * Rhamnus cathartica - Common buckthorn               (NY-V 80) (NE-H ) (AFLH)
 * Rhamnus davurica  - Dahurian buckthorn

Ulmaceae (elm family)

 * Ulmus pumila - Siberian elm (NY-M 53) (Onon )

Meliaceae (mahogany family)

 * Melia azedarach - Chinaberry tree

Rutaceae (rue, citrus family)

 * Phellodendron amurense/japonicum - Corktree (NY-H 75) (FLH)
 * Phellodendron amurense - Amur corktree
 * Phellodendron japonicum - Japanese corktree

Sapindaceae (soapberry family)

 * Aesculus hippocastanum - horse chestnut (Europe) (CP-C ) (Mid-Atlantic & Ontario invasive)

Simaroubaceae (quassia family)

 * Ailanthus altissima - tree-of-heaven (NY-M 68) (CP-V ) (NE-H ) (PCA)

Vitaceae (grape family)

 * Ampelopsis brevipedunculata - porcelainberry (NY-H 71 A---LH--) (NE-H )

Amaranthaceae (amaranth family)

 * Amaranthus hybridus - Green amaranthus, smooth pigweed (NE-W )
 * Amaranthus retroflexus - Pigweed (NE-W ) (Onon )
 * Salsola kali   - Russian thistle, tumbleweed
 * Bassia scoparia - kochia, burningbush

Caryophyllaceae (pink, carnation family)

 * Agrostemma githago - Common corncockle (Onon )
 * Stellaria media   - Common chickweed

Asteraceae (sunflower, daisy, aster family)

 * Arctium lappa               - Great burdock
 * Arctium minus               - Common, Lesser burdock
 * Artemisia absinthium        - Absinth wormwood (IPA)
 * Artemisia vulgaris          - Mugwort, Common wormwood   (NY-H 79 AMCFLHSW) (CP-V ) (IPA)
 * Bidens aristosa             - bearded beggarticks
 * Carduus nutans              - musk thistle, nodding thistle
 * Carduus acanthoides         - spiny plumeless thistle
 * Centaurea calcitrapa        - purple starthistle
 * Centaurea jacea/nigra       - Brown & Black knapweeds (NY-M 62)
 * Centaurea jacea             - Brown, brownray knapweed
 * Centaurea nigra             - Lesser, black, common knapweed
 * Centaurea nigrescens        - Tyrol knapweed
 * Centaurea x moncktonii      - Meadow knapweed [C. jacea x C. nigra]
 * Centaurea stoebe/diffusa    - Spotted & Diffuse knapweeds (NY-H 79)
 * Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos - spotted knapweed (NE-H ) (=) Centaurea biebersteinii (=) Centaurea maculosa
 * Centaurea diffusa        - diffuse, white knapweed
 * Centaurea x psammogena   - Diffuse-Spotted Knapweed Hybrid
 * Centaurea solstitialis      - yellow starthistle
 * Chondrilla juncea           - rush skeletonweed
 * Cichorium intybus           - chicory
 * Cirsium arvense             - Canada thistle   (NY-H 71) (NE-M ) (=) Cirsium setosum (=) Cirsium incanum (=) Carduus arvensis (=) Serratula arvensis
 * Cirsium palustre            - Marsh thistle, European swamp thistle (NY-M 68) (NE-M ) (=) Cardus palustris
 * Cirsium vulgare             - bull thistle (NE-W )
 * Hieracium aurantiacum       - orange hawkweed
 * Inula britannica            - British yellowhead
 * Inula helenium              - elecampane
 * Leucanthemum vulgare        - oxeye daisy
 * Onopordum acanthium         - Scotch thistle
 * Senecio jacobaea            - tansy ragwort    (NY-M 60 W)
 * Senecio vulgaris            - common groundsel (Onon )
 * Tanecetum vulgare           - common tansy     (NY-M 52 all)
 * Tussilago farfara           - Coltsfoot        (NY-M 58 all)

Boraginaceae (forget-me-not family)

 * Cynoglossum officinale - houndstongue

Cornaceae (dogwood family)

 * Cornus kousa  - Kousa dogwood

Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family)

 * Deutzia scabra - Fuzzy pride-of-Rochester

Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family)

 * {|class="wikitable"


 * Lonicera fragrantissima
 * Sweet-breath-of-spring
 * VA, TN
 * Lonicera japonica
 * Japanese honeysuckle
 * NY-V 84
 * CP-H
 * NE-H
 * VT
 * Lonicera maackii
 * Amur honeysuckle
 * NY-V 84
 * CP-V
 * NE-H
 * WI-VT-GA-MO
 * VT
 * Lonicera morrowii
 * Morrow's honeysuckle
 * NY-V 86
 * CP-V
 * NE-H
 * WI-ME-NC-MO
 * VT
 * Onon
 * Lonicera tatarica
 * Tatarian honeysuckle
 * NY-V 86
 * CP-V
 * NE-H
 * WI-NH-NC-AR-IA
 * VT
 * Onon
 * Lonicera × bella &emsp;[morrowii × tatarica]
 * Bell's honeysuckle
 * NY-V 86
 * CP-V
 * NE-H
 * WI-ME-NC-TN-IL
 * VT
 * Onon
 * Lonicera standishii
 * Standish's honeysuckle
 * PA, VA
 * Lonicera xylosteum
 * European fly honeysuckle, Dwarf honeysuckle
 * NY-U
 * CP-M
 * NE-L
 * MI-VT-NC-MO
 * Onon
 * }
 * VT
 * Onon
 * Lonicera standishii
 * Standish's honeysuckle
 * PA, VA
 * Lonicera xylosteum
 * European fly honeysuckle, Dwarf honeysuckle
 * NY-U
 * CP-M
 * NE-L
 * MI-VT-NC-MO
 * Onon
 * }
 * European fly honeysuckle, Dwarf honeysuckle
 * NY-U
 * CP-M
 * NE-L
 * MI-VT-NC-MO
 * Onon
 * }
 * }

Dipsacaceae (teasel family)

 * Dipsacus fullonum     - Fuller's teasel, Common teasel (Onon )
 * Dipsacus laciniatus   - Cut-leaf teasel                (NY-H 76) (AMFW)
 * Dipsacus sativus      - Indian teasel

Valerianaceae (valerian family)

 * Valeriana officinalis - garden heliotrope, common valerian (NY-M 62 all)

Primulaceae (primrose family)

 * Lysimachia nummularia - moneywort, creeping jenny (Onon )

Apocynaceae (dogbane family)

 * Cynanchum spp. - swallow-worts
 * Cynanchum louiseae - Black swallow-wort (NY-V 90) (=) Vincetoxicum nigrum
 * Cynanchum rossicum - Pale swallow-wort (NY-V 88) (=) Vincetoxicum rossicum
 * Vinca spp    - periwinkles
 * Vinca minor - common periwinkle        (NY-M 57) (Onon )
 * Vinca major - bigleaf periwinkle       (NY-N )

Rubiaceae (coffee, madder family)

 * Galium pedemontanum - Piedmont, yellow bedstraw (Leaves in whorls of 4)
 * Galium odoratum    - Sweet bedstraw (Leaves in whorls of 8)           (NY-L 48)

Lamiaceae (mint family)

 * {|class="wikitable"


 * Ajuga reptans
 * Common bugle, Blue bugle (Europe)
 * CP-C
 * NE-W
 * Perilla frutescens
 * Beefsteak plant
 * Glechoma hederacea
 * Ground ivy
 * Vitex rotundifolia
 * Beach vitex, Roundleaf chastetree
 * NY-H 73
 * Native to Pacific shores
 * }
 * Ground ivy
 * Vitex rotundifolia
 * Beach vitex, Roundleaf chastetree
 * NY-H 73
 * Native to Pacific shores
 * }
 * Beach vitex, Roundleaf chastetree
 * NY-H 73
 * Native to Pacific shores
 * }

Oleaceae (olive family)

 * {|class="wikitable"


 * Ligustrum amurense
 * Amur privet
 * NY-N NY-X Sche
 * VA
 * VT
 * Ligustrum japonicum
 * Japanese privet
 * NY-0
 * KY-SC-FL-TX
 * VT
 * Ligustrum obtusifolium
 * Border privet
 * NY-H 77 AMCFLHS- NY-X Oswe
 * CP-V
 * NE-L
 * NH-VA-IL-MI
 * VT
 * Ligustrum ovalifolium
 * California privet
 * NY-L 45 LH-- NY-X West
 * CP-H
 * CT-FL
 * Ligustrum sinense
 * Chinese privet
 * NY-N
 * OH-MD-FL-TX
 * Ligustrum vulgare
 * European privet
 * NY-M 68 AMCFLH-W NY-X Cayu
 * CP-H
 * NE-M
 * NH-SC-LA-WI
 * WW
 * Cayu
 * Syringa reticulata &ensp;(=) S. amurensis &ensp;(=) S. pekinensis
 * Japanese tree lilac
 * NY-U 31 -M--
 * Sara, Colu
 * Syringa vulgaris
 * Common lilac
 * WI, CA
 * }
 * Ligustrum vulgare
 * European privet
 * NY-M 68 AMCFLH-W NY-X Cayu
 * CP-H
 * NE-M
 * NH-SC-LA-WI
 * WW
 * Cayu
 * Syringa reticulata &ensp;(=) S. amurensis &ensp;(=) S. pekinensis
 * Japanese tree lilac
 * NY-U 31 -M--
 * Sara, Colu
 * Syringa vulgaris
 * Common lilac
 * WI, CA
 * }
 * Sara, Colu
 * Syringa vulgaris
 * Common lilac
 * WI, CA
 * }
 * Syringa vulgaris
 * Common lilac
 * WI, CA
 * }
 * WI, CA
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

Orobanchaceae (broomrape family)

 * Orobanche minor - small broomrape

Plantaginaceae (plantain family)

 * Callitriche stagnalis - Pond water-starwort              (NY-L 49)
 * Digitalis lanata     - Woolly foxglove, Grecian foxglove (NY-0 37 FC)
 * Digitalis purpurea   - Common foxglove, Purple foxglove  (NY-M 53 AMCLH)
 * Veronica beccabunga  - European speedwell                (NY-M 62 MFL)
 * Veronica officinalis - Common speedwell, gypsy-weed      (NY-M 52 all)

Scrophulariaceae (figwort Family)

 * Buddleja davidii - Orange-eye butterfly bush (NY-L 45)
 * Verbascum thapsus - common mullein
 * Linaria dalmatica - dalmatian toadflax
 * Linaria vulgaris - yellow toadflax
 * Paulownia tomentosa - Princesstree    (NY-M 51)

Verbenaceae

 * Verbena bonariensis var. bonariensis - Purpletop vervain (NY-N) (NRCS-NY,NJ,MA,ON,QC)

Convolvulaceae (bindweed, morning-glory family)

 * Convolvulus arvensis - field bindweed
 * Ipomoea quamoclit   - cypressvine morning-glory

Solanaceae (nightshade family)

 * Datura stramonium   - Jimsonweed, Common thorn apple (NY-M 50)
 * Solanum dulcamara   - bittersweet nightshade
 * Solanum viarum      - tropical soda apple