User:Omotecho/sandbox

Engagements dans le débat public
Copied Marc_Fleurbaey#Engagements dans le débat public; Revision as of 06:37, 14 April 2019 by Worldornothing (Annulation de la modification de Worldornothing (d)), aiming to proofread translation at ja:Marc_Fleurbaey &oldid=72532434 at by Wakuna99 2019-04-27T09:20:09 （個人設定で未設定ならUTC）.

Marc Fleurbaey est un chercheur engagé dans la vie publique. Ses engagements se sont concrétisés dans ses fonctions de conseillers à la Banque mondiale, à l’fr:Organisation des Nations unies et à l'OCDE , par ses contributions à plusieurs commissions et rapports nationaux et internationaux et ses interventions régulières dans les médias concernant des sujets de société liés au fr:bien-être, au fr:progrès social, aux fr:politiques publiques et au fr:changement climatique.

公開討論における公約
Aiming to proofread translation, copied from Marc_Fleurbaey &oldid=72532434 at by Wakuna99 2019-04-27T09:20:09 （UTC). --Omotecho (talk) 12:17, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

Marc Fleurbaeyは公の生活に携わる研究者です. 彼のコミットメントは、 世界銀行 、 国連 、およびOECD へのアドバイザーとしての彼の役割において、いくつかの国内および国際的な委員会や報告書への彼の貢献と彼の貢献を通して達成されました関連した社会問題に関するメディアでのレギュラー出演の福祉のために、 社会の進歩に、 公共政策と気候変動を.

Rapports et Commissions
Copied Marc_Fleurbaey#Engagements dans le débat public; Revision as of 06:37, 14 April 2019 by Worldornothing (Annulation de la modification de Worldornothing (d)), aiming to proofread translation at ja:Marc_Fleurbaey &oldid=72532434 at by Wakuna99 2019-04-27T09:20:09 （個人設定で未設定ならUTC）.

Panel International sur le Progrès Social (IPSP)
Fleurbaey a co-dirigé le Panel International sur le Progrès Social (IPSP), regroupant plus de 300 chercheurs d'fr:économie et de fr:sciences sociales. L'IPSP invite à repenser la société au XXI°S et propose une nouvelle vision du progrès social dans un monde mondialisé et interconnecté. Le Panel a donné lieu à deux publications : le rapport de l'IPSP et un manifeste, tous les deux construits dans une perspective interdisciplinaire. Parmi ses nombreux engagements publics les plus salués, il a été membre de la fr:Commission Stiglitz sur la mesure de la performance économique et du fr:progrès social, commissionnée par le président de la République française. Il a par ailleurs été coordinateur pour le cinquième rapport d’évaluation (2014) du fr:Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC). Il vient de diriger le Panel International sur le Progrès Social (IPSP), regroupant plus de 300 chercheurs d'fr:économie et de fr:sciences sociales. Parmi les membres du comité de parrainage figurent plusieurs Prix Nobels d'Economie, dont fr:Amartya Sen, fr:Kenneth Arrow et fr:James Heckman. L'on peut également citer fr:Anthony Atkinson, économiste spécialiste des inégalités et professeur d'économie à fr:Oxford, fr:Manuel Castells, sociologue et lauréat du fr:Prix Holberg, fr:Edgar Morin, sociologue et philosophe et fr:Michael Porter, économiste et professeur de stratégie à fr:Harvard.

レポートとコミッション
Aiming to proofread translation, copied from Marc_Fleurbaey &oldid=72532434 at by Wakuna99 2019-04-27T09:20:09 （UTC). First subsection consists of raw machine translation output with lots of grammar/context errors, and maybe second or later editor tried to tidy links. Second subsection is not translated. --Omotecho (talk) 12:17, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

社会的進歩に関する国際パネル（IPSP）
フルルベイは、300人以上の経済学と社会科学の研究者を集めて、 国際社会進歩パネル（IPSP）を指揮しました. IPSPは、21世紀の社会を再考するよう私たちに勧め、グローバル化され相互に関連し合う世界における社会的進歩の新しいビジョンを提案します. パネルは2つの出版物をもたらした ：IPSPレポートとマニフェスト. どちらも学際的な観点から構築されています. 彼の多数の公的機関の中で、彼はフランス共和国大統領によって任命された経済的業績と社会的進歩の測定に関するスティグリッツ委員会のメンバーであった. また、気候変動に関する政府間パネル （IPCC）の第5次評価報告書（2014）のコーディネーターも務めました. 彼は最近300人以上の経済学と社会科学の研究者を集めて、国際社会進歩パネル（IPSP）を率いています. スポンサーシップ委員会のメンバーには、 Amartya Sen 、 Kenneth Arrow 、 James Heckmanなど、数人のNobels of Economicsがいます. 一つも挙げることができるアンソニー・アトキンソン 、エコノミストの不平等との経済学の教授オックスフォード 、 マニュエル・カステルの、社会学者と勝者ホルベア賞 、 エドガー・モラン 、社会学者や哲学者、 マイケル・ポーター 、エコノミストと戦略の教授ハーバード大学を.

Commission Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi
No translation provided at Marc_Fleurbaey &oldid=72532434 at by Wakuna99 2019-04-27T09:20:09 （UTC). --Omotecho (talk) 12:17, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

Fleurbaey a été membre de la Commission Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi sur la mesure de la performance économique et du fr:progrès social. Elle est officiellement intitulée « Commission sur la mesure des performances économiques et du progrès social ». Le but de cette Commission est de développer une « réflexion sur les moyens d'échapper à une approche trop quantitative, trop comptable de la mesure de nos performances collectives » et d'élaborer de nouveaux indicateurs de fr:richesse. On peut résumer les principales préconisations du rapport issu de la commission suivant les économistes Didier Blanchet, M. Clerc, M. Gaini:"'La commission a surtout privilégié dans ses travaux le caractère multidimensionnel du fr:bien-être. Elle n'a pas proposé de tableau de bord tout constitué, mais son rapport peut ainsi se lire comme une esquisse des grandes lignes à suivre lors de la construction d'un tel tableau de bord. Ce dossier présente les principaux enseignements que l'on peut tirer d'une comparaison entre la fr:France et quelques pays de même fr:niveau de développement, à l'aune des critères retenus par la commission Stiglitz. L'utilisation d'indicateurs alternatifs de fr:niveau de vie conduit à quelques reclassements entre pays mais sans véritablement remettre en cause l'avance apparente des fr:États-Unis. Les indicateurs de fr:conditions de vie font apparaître en revanche des contrastes bien plus marqués dans les domaines de la santé, de l'éducation, des risques de chômage et de pauvreté ou de sécurité. Les contributions des différents pays au problème de soutenabilité climatique varient du simple au triple. Quant à la soutenabilité économique, l'indicateur proposé par la commission suggère qu'elle reste tendanciellement assurée, mais avec une marge de sécurité assez faible dans plusieurs pays'."

Publications dans les médias
No translation provided at Marc_Fleurbaey &oldid=72532434 at by Wakuna99 2019-04-27T09:20:09 （UTC). Instead, newer jawp edits included bibliograpy of MF. --Omotecho (talk) 12:17, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

Fleurbaey publie régulièrement dans différents médias nationaux et internationaux, en français et en anglais, tels que l'édition française du Huffington Post, l'édition américaine du Huffington Post , fr:Le Monde , Libération , , fr:La vie des idées , fr:La Croix , Project Syndicate , l'édition française de The Conversation , l'édition américaine de The Conversation , fr:The American Prospect , sur le blog LSE US Centre’s daily blog on American Politics and Policy et sur le blog World Economic Forum. Il a également donné des interviews à fr:Nonfiction.fr, fr:El Periódico de Catalunya , fr:La République des Pyrénées. Ses travaux sont également régulièrement cités dans les médias, par exemple récemment dans Libération au sujet de l'IPSP.

メモと参照
Aiming to proofread translation, copied from Marc_Fleurbaey &oldid=72532434 at by Wakuna99 2019-04-27T09:20:09 （UTC).


 * マルクFleurbaeyら社会の進歩のためのマニフェスト 、 ディスカバリー 、2018. ISBN 2348041758
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Matthew Adler、 『オックスフォードと公共政策のハンドブック』 、 オックスフォード大学出版局 、2016年. ISBN 9780199325818
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Didier Blanchet、 GDPを超えて： 福祉の測定と持続可能性の評価 、 オックスフォード大学出版局 、2013年. ISBN 9780199767199
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Francois Maniquet、 機会の平等：責任の経済学 、 世界科学版 、2012年、 ノーベル賞受賞者 Eric Maskinによる序文. ISBN 9814368873
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Francois Maniquet、 「公正と社会福祉の理論」 、 ケンブリッジ大学出版局 ; ISBN 9780511851971


 * Marc Fleurbaey、Olivier Bouin、Marie-Laure Salles-Djelic、Sanjiv M. Ravi Kanbur、Nowotny, Helga、Reis, Elisa Pereira、International Panel on Social Progress、A manifesto for social progress : ideas for a better society、ケンブリッジ大学出版局、2018年. ISBN 9781108424783、ISBN 9781108440929、NCID BB2723334X. 序文はアマルティア・センによる.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Matthew Adler (編)、The Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy、オックスフォード大学出版局、2016年. ISBN 9780199325818.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Didier Blanchet、Beyond GDP: Measuring Welfare and Assessing Sustainability、オックスフォード大学出版局、2013年. ISBN 9780199767199.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Francois Maniquet、Equality of Opportunity:The Economics of Responsibility、World Scientific (en)〈World Scientific Series in Economic Theory: Volume 1〉、2012年. ISBN 9814368873. 序文はノーベル賞受賞者Eric Maskinによる.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Francois Maniquet、A Theory of Fairness and Social Welfare、 ケンブリッジ大学出版局、ISBN 9780511851971.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Maurice Salles、John A. Weymark、Justice, political liberalism, and utilitarianism : themes from Harsanyi and Rawls、ケンブリッジ大学出版局、2008年. ISBN 9780521640930、NCID BA8594088X.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Fairness, responsibility, and welfare、オックスフォード大学出版局、2012年. ISBN 9780199653591、NCID BB09273976.


 * The _Translation_ is not completed, or just a raw machine translation output that has book/journal titles into ja without original title so that incomplete as a bibloigraphic list. Later edit on jawp changed it into original bibliography; 著作 (bibliograpy) of MF. FYI, copied jawp original bibio list from Marc_Fleurbaey &oldid=74489304 at at 2019-10-03T18:39:55; by Omotecho (会話 | 投稿記録) による版（UTC). --Omotecho (talk) 12:17, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

-  著作  -
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Olivier Bouin、Marie-Laure Salles-Djelic、Sanjiv M. Ravi Kanbur、Nowotny, Helga、Reis, Elisa Pereira、International Panel on Social Progress、A manifesto for social progress : ideas for a better society、ケンブリッジ大学出版局、2018年. ISBN 9781108424783、ISBN 9781108440929、NCID BB2723334X. 序文はアマルティア・センによる.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Matthew Adler (編)、The Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy、オックスフォード大学出版局、2016年. ISBN 9780199325818.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Didier Blanchet、Beyond GDP: Measuring Welfare and Assessing Sustainability、オックスフォード大学出版局、2013年. ISBN 9780199767199.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Francois Maniquet、 Equality of Opportunity:The Economics of Responsibility、World Scientific (en)〈World Scientific Series in Economic Theory: Volume 1〉、2012年. ISBN 9814368873. 序文はノーベル賞受賞者Eric Maskinによる.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Francois Maniquet、A Theory of Fairness and Social Welfare、 ケンブリッジ大学出版局、ISBN 9780511851971.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Maurice Salles、John A. Weymark、Justice, political liberalism, and utilitarianism : themes from Harsanyi and Rawls、ケンブリッジ大学出版局、2008年. ISBN 9780521640930、NCID BA8594088X.
 * Marc Fleurbaey、Fairness, responsibility, and welfare、オックスフォード大学出版局、2012年. ISBN 9780199653591、NCID BB09273976.

Prix et distinctions
No translation provided at Marc_Fleurbaey &oldid=72532434 at by Wakuna99 2019-04-27T09:20:09 （UTC). --Omotecho (talk) 12:17, 4 October 2019 (UTC)
 * 2016: fr:Docteur honoris causa de l’fr:Université Catholique de Louvain
 * 2014: Prix de la fr:Revue économique

from de: Ishizaka Teruko
c&p German edition "Ishizuka Teruko" dated 10:30, 14 May 2013 by Drahreg01 (HC: +Kategorie:Träger des Canada Gairdner International Award; +Kategorie:Mediziner (20. Jahrhundert))

Ishizaka Teruko, genannt Terry, (jap. 石坂 照子; * 28. September 1926) ist eine japanische Immunologin. Sie entdeckte 1966 mit ihrem Ehemann Ishizaka Kimishige die Immunglobulin E Antikörper, die besondere Bedeutung in der Allergie haben.

Ishizaka erwarb 1949 ihren M. D. Abschluss als Medizinerin an der Frauenmedizinhochschule Tokio. 1955 wurde sie an der Universität Tokio promoviert. 1951 bis 1957 forschte sie in der Abteilung Serologie des nationalen Gesundheitsforschungszentrums in Japan. 1957 bis 1959 war sie am Caltech und 1959 an der Johns Hopkins University. 1962 bis 1970 war sie am Asthma Research Institute und Hospital der University of Colorado Medical School in Denver und ab 1970 Associate Professor und später Professor an der Johns Hopkins University (zuerst für Mikrobiologie und später für Medizin und Immunologie).

Sie forschte über Allergien und unmittelbare Hypersentivität.

1973 erhielt sie mit ihrem Mann den Gairdner Foundation International Award und 1972 den Passano Award. Zu Ehren des Ehepaares Ishizaka wurde 1995 der Tag der Allergie eingeführt, um ihrer Forschungsleistungen zu gedenken und um über Allergien aufzuklären.

Yatindra Mishra
Founder, Vimla Devi Foundation to promote literature and the arts (since 1999). Nominated as an advisor to broadcasters DD Bharati (2014–15), Prasar Bharati, Doordarshan (2015–16) Nominated advisor to the Hindi World Service (2015–16)

'Lata: Sur-Gatha' brought Yatindra Mishra to present himself at book readings, interviews, talks, panel discussions, book signing and appearances in New Delhi, Lucknow, Mumbai and Faizabad. Excerpts from the book are reprinted in magazines such as India Today, Shukrawar and Naya Jnyanodaya.

Awards and honors

 * Parampara Rituraj Samman (1999) New Delhi


 * Junior Fellowship in Music, Department of Culture, Government of India (2003–05)


 * Rajiv Gandhi Rashtreeya Ektaa Puraskaar (2004) New Delhi


 * Bharat Bhushan Agrawal Smriti Puraskaar (2004) New Delhi


 * Hemant Smriti Kavita Puraskaar (2005) Mumbai


 * Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad Yuva Puraskar (2006) Kolkata


 * Independent Fellowship from Sarai, CSDS, New Delhi (2006–07)


 * Raza Award (2007) New Delhi


 * Sangeet Natak Akademy Award (2008) Lucknow (Department of Culture, Government of Uttar Pradesh)
 * Awarded, 2008
 * Felicitated, 2016


 * Jananpitha Fellowship, (Bhartiya Jananpitha) (2015) New Delhi

Miki Matheson
Translated from ja:松江美季 dated October 18 2017.

With the support of her physician during the rehabilitation program,

Liste der Geotope in Braunschweig
Copied for translation from List of geotopes in Braunschweig (de) oldid=167787913 dated 21:30, 1 August 2017.

Die Liste der Geotope in Braunschweig enthält die Geotope in der kreisfreien Stadt Braunschweig in Niedersachsen.

Special:ItemDisambiguation
To search by label in a given language (ja), use Special:ItemDisambiguation.
 * https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemDisambiguation

Special:ItemByTitle
To search for Wikidata items by their title on a given site:
 * https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle

Woman in Red, Africa
Ended by mid-November, 2016. Kenya main namespace ✅Sisters Keepers ✅Meja Mwangi ✅Gakaara wa Wanjaũ Immediate deletion—not noteworthy --Omotecho (talk) 13:44, 26 October 2016 (UTC)
 * WIR Kenya
 * Philo Ikonya
 * --Omotecho (talk) 08:55, 1 November 2016 (UTC)
 * --Omotecho (talk) 06:04, 19 December 2016 (UTC)
 * --Omotecho (talk) 11:46, 17 January 2017 (UTC)


 * Africa editathon

✅Meja Mwangi --Omotecho (talk) 13:44, 26 October 2016 (UTC) ✅Gakaara wa Wanjaũ
 * --Omotecho (talk) 08:55, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

WiR in aviation: Japan
Update  to Japanese women aviators
 * 1) 及位ヤヱ NOZOKI Yae; aviator
 * 2) 南地よね NANJI Yone; aviator
 * 3) 北村兼子 KITAMURA Kaneko; aviator

WiR in writing/novels: Japan
✅Misa Yamamura; a translated article from

✅Wakamatsu Shizuko

Wakamatsu Shizuko, essays and translation

 * Jogaku zasshi and Hyōron

For magazines, Wakamatsu Shizuko (Shizu) submitted her writings and translation mainly on either Jogaku zasshi or Hyōron which were published by Jogaku Zasshisha in Tokyo.

Trsanlated works by authors
Little Lord Fauntleroy by Frances Hodgson Burnett was introduced by Wakamatsu to juvenile readers, originally published on Jogaku zasshi magazine and followed by various reprints and popularized with the Iwanami Shoten edition which has issued the 30th impression. Burnett's "Sara Crewe" or "A Little Princess" is also a very popular juvenile story in Japan, while Wakamatsu did not finish the translation before her death but published parts in several Shōnen-en issues running between 1893 and 1894. It was in 1904 when Wakamatsu's translation was revised after her death. Both Little Lord Fauntleroy and Sara Crewe had its translation made into theatrical pieces as well as manga cartoons.

Adaptations
Partly copied for transation from: 小公子 (Shōkōshi) 2017-06-18T14:44:42
 * Anime
 * Little Lord Fauntleroy (TV series), Nippon Animation, World Masterpiece Theater, 1988.

Partly copied for transation from: Japanese edition and the chapter "Application to other media" dated 2016-12-04T16:55.
 * Anime
 * 小公女 (Shōkōjo) in Manga nihon mukashibanashi (ja). TBS Television syndicate, produced by DAX International, 11 October - 27 December 1978
 * Princess Sarah, 1985.


 * TV drama
 * Shōkōjo Seira, 2009.


 * Manga

Jean Ingelow's works including Laurance was printed in Jogakuzasshi in 1893.

The Sailor Boy, a poem by Adelaide Anne Procter was translated and adopted as Wasurekatami and published its first edition in 1887. That year Wakamatsu concentrated on the works by Proctor. .

Between 1888 and 1890, there were a piece by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and two works by Alfred Tennyson published on Jogakuzasshi. .

Translated from part of Charles Dickens' David Copperfield, Wakamatsu translated Hinayome (literary A Doll like Bride) in Kokuminshosetu magazine in 1892.

Kate Douglas Wiggin and her The Birds's Christmas Carol was introduced to Jogakuzasshi readers in 1893. . The work was originally published as Also titled as クリスマスの天使 (Christmas Angel).

Essays

 * ncid=AN00117377


 * Written in English.






 * Inspired by Harriet Beecher Stowe.



other periodicals


 * Wakamatsu Shizuko's last writing. ncid=AN00117377
 * Wakamatsu Shizuko's last writing. ncid=AN00117377

Memorials



 * 櫻井鴎村、戸川残花、木村熊二、島崎藤村、湯谷磋一郎の紹介文あり,著者の肖像あり,奥付・背表紙に文武堂蔵版とあり ncid=BN08347018

Additinal readings



 * A serial run by 1972


 * , appendix to Magazines—Jogaku Zasshi and Bungakukai.







For short, essential form
Infobox person


 * name         =


 * image        =


 * alt          =


 * caption      =


 * birth_name   =


 * birth_date  =


 * birth_place  =


 * death_date   =


 * death_place  =


 * nationality  =


 * other_names  =


 * occupation   =


 * years_active =


 * known_for    =


 * notable_works =

For full length
Infobox person For people who have died, use February 24, undefined''
 * name         =
 * image        =
 * alt          =
 * caption      =
 * birth_name   =  Robāto Kinoshita (ロバート木下)
 * birth_date  =   ''yyyy for living people.

| death_place  =  Torrance, California
 * birth_place  = Los Angeles
 * nationality  =
 * other_names  =
 * occupation   =
 * years_active =
 * known_for    =
 * notable_works =
 * death_place = Torrance (California)
 * death_date = December 9
 * death_year = 2014
 * activities = artist
 * activity2 = designer
 * nationality = US
 * postnationality= internationally known for his work in Cinematographic of  fifties and  Sixties



Infobox writer
｛｛ Infobox writer ｝｝
 * name =
 * embed =
 * honorific_prefix =
 * honorific_suffix =
 * image =
 * image_size =
 * alt =
 * caption =
 * native_name =
 * native_name_lang =
 * pseudonym =
 * birth_name =
 * birth_date =
 * birth_place =
 * death_date =
 * death_place =
 * resting_place =
 * occupation =
 * language =
 * nationality =
 * ethnicity =
 * citizenship =
 * education =
 * alma_mater =
 * period =
 * genre =
 * subject =
 * movement =
 * notableworks =
 * spouse =
 * partner =
 * children =
 * relatives =
 * awards =
 * signature =
 * signature_alt =
 * years_active =
 * module =
 * website =
 * portaldisp =

International asteroid monitoring project
Japan Spaceguard Association (JSGA) is keen to have astronomical education for young people and held Spaceguard Private Investigator of the Stars: the fugitives are asteroids! program in 2001. Yoshiaki Oshima participated as one of the committee memeber. JSGA submitted a paper on that project in a proceedings, with Oshima as a contributor.

JSGA held an astronomical education program as part of their International Asteroid Monitoring Project, that collaborated with the British Council and its International Schools' Observatory (ISO) program which had involved 12 teams of junior high to senior high school classes from Asian and European countries. in the UK is held with John Moor University in Liverpool. The University operates a robotic telescope in the Canary Islands, and schools are allowed that they carry out scientific research using the remote telescope. ISO was a project by the British Council involving youth in junior to senior high school, 12 in total.

The Private Investigator of Stars was co-sponsored by the British Council which advised the International Asteroid Monitoring Project and coordinated with observatories and laboratories participated in and cooperated for ISO. Yomiuri Shinbun newspaper held a asteroid hunting contest for the JSGA and run articles on their paper. 438 school classes and other teams signed up, with 1317 indibivisuals, and 133 contestants reported the results of their observation.

JSGA based its project headquarters in its observatory called Bisei Spaceguard Center, owned by the Japan Space Forum. An optical telescope on the Canary island was operated by the staff of Astrophysics Research Institute at Liverpool John Moores University in Liverpool, and images were transmitted to each classroom via internet connection.

Reference
--Omotecho (talk) 18:50, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * --Omotecho (talk) 16:55, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

Translation template
｛｛translated page|SourceLanguageCode|SourcePageTitle|version=123456789|insertversion=987654321|section=name｝｝ ｛｛翻訳告知|翻訳元の言語コード|翻訳元の記事名|version=123456789|insertversion=987654321|section=節名｝｝

Parameter/ Required?/ Usage
 * 1 (first parameter) Yes; The language code of the source page, for example de for German, fr for French, or another from meta:List of Wikipedias.
 * 2 (second parameter) Yes; The exact name of the source page. (This will become a link, so non-English characters must be retained. Do not transliterate the title.)
 * 3 (third parameter) No; Additional pertinent information, in sentence form. This will be inserted at the end of the standard text.
 * insertversion: Recommended; The version identifier of the revision of the target page into which the translation was placed. (Follow the same procedure as for version, but with the target page.)
 * section optional; If the inserted translation is contained in one section of the target page, insert its name here. (A direct link to that section will be created.)
 * ||｛｛no｝｝||This template defaults to a small message box (equivalent to ). If you have good reason to use a full-sized talk page banner instead,   will generate one.｛｛refn|1=Note that   and   also work, but are not recommended for new instances of the template.|group="Note"｝｝
 * nocat no; Set this parameter to  only when transcluding the template as an example.｛｛refn|This template formerly used the parameters   or   to perform these functions. This behaviour is no longer supported.|group="Note"｝｝ (For example, it is used on this documentation page to prevent this page from being categorized as a translation.) Further information is available at "Wikipedia:Category suppression".

In the preceding table, the first and second (unnamed) parameters are required in order to comply with Wikimedia projects' licencing terms (e.g. "CC-BY-SA"). The  and   parameters are (strongly) recommended, because they allow readers to identify the exact source and target revisions, without searching through the revision histories.

This template can be used more than once, if several translations were inserted (from several revisions of one article, several articles and/or several Wikipedias). Group the ｛｛tlf|translated page｝｝ templates in chronological order, with the newest (i.e. largest, when used) on top. Arrange the ｛｛tlf|translated page｝｝ boxes with other low-priority items, just before the first topic on the talk page. Even if a section of the talk page talks about the translation, avoid placing ｛｛tlf|translated page｝｝ there, because the template should not be moved when the section is "Help:Archiving a talk page|archived".

"Wikipedia:Template namespace" has a general introduction to the use of templates. --Omotecho (talk) 07:26, 15 October 2016 (UTC) -->

hit and find sources
template:find sources

template:find sources

 * 1) Atsuki Murata
 * 2) Kenzo Suzuki (astronomer)

Sample: Satoshi Yuki, research on web for muli citation.

人物伝の宿題
✅ 鈴木憲蔵さん --Omotecho (talk) 20:52, 21 December 2016 (UTC)

資料
--Omotecho (talk) 07:04, 1 October 2016 (UTC)

Yukari-san's ref: Biblio

 * translated from . 音楽中心音楽療法」著/ケネス・エイゲン 訳/鈴木琴栄・鈴木大裕 2013年 春秋社
 * 奏でることの力」著/若尾裕 2000年』春秋社
 * 渡邊健一著「音楽の正体」1995年 (株)ヤマハミュージックメディア








 * 松井紀和（まついとしかず） (1980)『音楽療法の手引：音楽療法家のための』東京：牧野出版
 * 中村明一 (2010) 『倍音 : 音・ことば・身体の文化誌』東京: 春秋社
 * 米山文明（Yoneyama Fumiaki） (2007)『美しい声で日本語を話す』東京：平凡社



Manga and Izakaya
"en:Jarinko Chie", a manga, is rather true to izakaya in Osaka area after World War II, serving broiled and stewed beef and pork intestines with cheap sake and shōchū for working class customers▲, on the contrary, menus at "Izakaya Choji" is rather sophisticated with better quality sake.▲
 * --Omotecho (talk) 14:15, 7 March 2016 (UTC)


 * expand and cite;
 * --Omotecho (talk) 09:56, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

Typical menu items
Might not be quite typical in any area in Japan? Need images to support the body text. --Omotecho (talk) 09:56, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

add: today's special is listed on a sepate sheet and inseted in the menu book, or written on white/blackboard hang on the wall, quantity limited.

subdivide izakaya menu into eight groups
Divide Menu and Typical food sections into maybe 7-8 groups by how they are cooked; see Talk:Izakaya.

Izakaya food is usually more substantial than tapas or mezze. Many items are designed to be shared. Always check the paper strips or notice board on the wall for seasonal treats, quantity limited. Otsumami, the hors d'oeuvre.

- Kawakimono;
 * * kakinotane (kakipī), peanuts, sakiika.

- Vegetable;
 * * Edamame – boiled and salted soybean pods
 * * Goma-ae – various vegetables served with a sesame dressing
 * * Morokyū – Cucumber with miso on the side as seasoning.

- Others;
 * * Misoae – various shellfish and seafood, wakame sea vegitable served with vinegar and dashi dressing
 * * Sunomono – various shellfish and seafood, takenoko bamboo shoots and herbs served with a miso and vinegar dressing
 * * Nikomi
 * * Shiokara


 * Salads potato salad, sliced tomato.


 * Tsukemono – pickles
 * Tofu
 * Agedashi tofu – deep fried tofu in broth
 * Hiyayakko – chilled silken tofu with toppings

Seafood.
 * Sashimi – slices of raw fish
 * sashimi, tanpin or mori-awase (sashi-mori). Mori-awase is a combination of three, five, seven, or eight kinds of fish and shellfish arranged in portion for two or more people. Example might include tai sea bream for weeks while sakura is in full bloom when they are very fat; crum and shallow water shellfish March to end of May; Katsuo in season late May to August, buri, tara (cod) and sea crab mainly in winter between October to early February. Ask for local delicacies as whit are somSquid, if you are brave to try, they will serve you the best variety of the season.

Nimono stew and nabe
 * nikomi, oden as they prepare ahead. Nabe is cooked by order.

Agemono deep fried; fried potato in shoestring or sectioned, isobeage, karaage, kawaebi, korokke (crocette), tenpura.
 * Karaage – bite-sized chicken marinade with soy sauce and fried
 * Kushikatsu –
 * Tebasaki – Chicken wings, fried and marinade with salty and sweet sauce
 * Tenpura –

Yakimono grilled /char broiled food; ikayaki, kushiyaki (including beef vegitable and mashroom), satumaage, sausage, yakiton (pork), yakitori, yakizakana.
 * Kushiyaki – grilled meat or vegetable skewers
 * Yakisoba noodles
 * Yakizakana – grilled fish, filette or whole
 * Yakitori – grilled chicken skewers

Udon, soba; Japanese napolitan spagetti, gratin, yakimeshi (chāhan). not necessarily put as a single category on menus, actually.

Oshokuji, meaning rice dishes such as ochazuke and noodle dishes such as yakisoba are sometimes eaten at the end to round off a drinking session. (For the most part, the Japanese do not eat rice or noodles (shushoku – "staple food") at the same time as they drink alcohol, since sake, brewed from rice, traditionally takes the place of rice in a meal.). With rice dishes, some soup, misoshiru or ushiojiru, dashi soup and tsukemono are ordered as condiments.
 * Ochazuke – small portion of rice with hot green tea poured over. Flavor is selected from Ume, Sake grilled and crushed salmon, or Nori.
 * Onigiri –
 * Yakionigiri –
 * Soba –
 * Chasoba –

Desert; rather new to izakaya menu, with more female customers come to izakaya.

Other varieties
★ Ashiya ?

Reference
''I suggest to expand the food section in this article, with some research. Or is it too minute? Categorize typical food menu into several groups by how they are cooked: the common way the menu book is presented, and I guess they are ordered by how fast they are served.'' (New sub section.)

--Omotecho 19:17, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

✅. top section, deleted subsections from here as copied to the article. --Omotecho 18:52, 6 February 2016 (UTC)
 * --Omotecho 06:58, 6 February 2016 (UTC) --Omotecho (talk) 09:56, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

Translated Kushikatsu from Japanese article, subsections
citation needed
 * During the latter part of Edo period prior to 1868, those food stands called “tempura yatai” served kushikatsu that was called tempura back then.

✅

Codes, templates
Code	 English (Kanji) Gives	English (Kanji Rōmaji?, extra) extra2 This template marks the Kanji segment as being in Japanese Kanji, which helps web browsers and other user agents to display it correctly. The template uses the following parameters


 * English. Optional. The word as translated into English. Note that this will sometimes be the actual Japanese word due to it being adopted into English.
 * Kanji/Kana. Required. The word in Japanese kanji and/or kana, the logographic writing system.
 * Romaji. Optional. The word in Japanese Romaji, the Romanized syllabic writing system used for foreign words. Also known as a "transliteration".
 * extra. Optional. Can also be expressed as a named parameter, extra=
 * extra2. Optional. Can also be expressed as a named parameter, extra2=. It is only useful in ";" definitions (extra2 will be displayed without bold, whereas text following the template will get the bold).

















--Omotecho (talk) 12:09, 26 December 2015 (UTC)

European Cuisine
European Cusine in ja redirects to. Finished translation to ja: * to  (2015-8-21) * original

--Omotecho (talk) 08:41, 21 August 2015 (UTC)

Target List
Projects in To-do items, WikiProject_Japan#To-do_items.


 * ex, consistency for format/convention, ex Amano-Iwato, Yomi, Izumo, Ashihara no Nakatsukuni, and Hyūga


 * Skipped macron issue as of 2016-09-24


 * Kansai region. Compared to the Tōhoku region, Kansai related articles are systematically sub-standard and have articles of towns and cities missing.


 * Special:Allpages/Japan and Special:Allpages/Japanese, dozens of pages lack WikiProject Japan tags and assessments.


 * tip--narrowing down the list of "Articles containing Japanese language": change address to desired index by replacing the last letter to, ex. X, in Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text=from=Z
 * Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text&from=X --Omotecho (talk) 15:10, 16 September 2016 (UTC)


 * --Omotecho (talk) 22:10, 24 September 2016 (UTC)

Mythology_task_force
Enroll first before dicuss topics.

Japanese names
Romanization conventions > Naming conventions > Overview > Japanese

Macrons
Macron means the diacritic mark.

To input macron

 * * Unicode
 * Got Unicode? This Page has input systems for format:


 * Windows


 * Questionable writing in Wikipedia article
 * Isn't it Modified Hepburn or Revised Hepburn Revised Hepburn ((修正ヘボン式))?
 * The Hepburn romanization system of Japanese, for example, "traffic (交通, こうつう) kōtsū" opposed to "bone or knack (骨, こつ) kotsu".
 * The Hepburn romanization system of Japanese, for example, "traffic (交通, こうつう) kōtsū" opposed to "bone or knack (骨, こつ) kotsu".


 * * HTML Codes
 * Use these codes to input accented letters in HTML. For instance, if you want to type bōnus with a long O, you would type b&#333;nus.
 *  NOTE: Your page should declare utf-8 (Unicode) encoding or else the characters may not display in older browsers. Because these are Unicode characters, the formatting may not exactly match that of the surrounding text depending on the browser. 

The Hepburn romanization system of Japanese

 * Hepburn -> simplified Hepburn (more popular in use today) -> Modified Hepburn or Revised Hepburn (修正ヘボン式 Shūsei Hebon-shiki)

The rendering of syllabic n as m before certain consonants is no longer used, resulting in e.g. Shinbashi for 新橋（しんばし）. This style was introduced in the third edition of Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary (1954), adopted by the Library of Congress as one of its ALA-LC romanizations, and is the most common version of the system today.
 * Macrons are used for Modified Hepburn or Revised Hepburn (修正ヘボン式 Shūsei Hebon-shiki). Circumflexes often used for   and , or when a word processor does not allow macrons.


 * 東京（とうきょう）: = Tōkyō – Tokyo
 * 東京（とうきょう）: = Tôkyô – Tokyo

Combination

 * The combination of a + a is written aa if a word-border exists between them.


 * 邪悪（じゃあく）: ji +  ya  + a + ku = jaaku – Evil

In Modified Hepburn

 * The long vowel e is indicated by a macron otherwise:
 * お姉さん（おねえさん）: o + ne + e + sa + n = onēsan – Older sister
 * The combination o + o is written oo if a word-border exists between them:
 * 小躍り（こおどり）: ko + o + do + ri = koodori – Dance
 * The long vowel o is indicated by a macron otherwise:
 * 氷（こおり）: ko + o + ri = kōri – Ice
 * 遠回り（とおまわり）: to + o + ma + wa + ri = tōmawari – Roundabout route
 * 大阪（おおさか）: o + o + sa + ka = Ōsaka –
 * The combination o + u is written ou if a word-border exists between them or it is the end part of terminal form of a verb:
 * 追う（おう）: o + u = ou – To chase
 * 東京（とうきょう）: to + u + kyo + u = Tōkyō –
 * 金曜日（きんようび）: ki + n + yo + u + bi = kinyōbi or kin'yōbi – Friday
 * The combination e + i is written ei.
 * 学生（がくせい）: ga + ku + se + i = gakusei –
 * 経験（けいけん）: ke + i + ke + n = keiken – Experience
 * 制服（せいふく）: se + i + fu + ku = seifuku –
 * 姪（めい）: me + i = mei – Niece
 * 招いて（まねいて）: ma + ne + i + te = maneite – Call/invite and then

In Traditional Hepburn

 * The long vowel a is indicated by a macron otherwise:
 * お婆さん（おばあさん）: o + ba + a + sa + n = obāsan – Grandmother
 * The combination i + i is always written ii.
 * お爺さん（おじいさん）: o + ji + i + sa + n = ojiisan – Grandfather
 * The combination u + u is written uu if a word-border exists between them or it is the end part of terminal form of a verb:
 * 食う（くう）: ku + u = kuu – To eat
 * The long vowel u is indicated by a macron otherwise:
 * 数学（すうがく）: su + u + ga + ku = sūgaku –
 * An exception is 湖（みずうみ）: mi + zu + u + mi = mizuumi -
 * The combination e + e is written ee if a word-border exists between them:
 * 濡れ縁（ぬれえん）: nu + re + e + n = nureen – Open veranda

Modified Hepburn

 * The long vowels within loanword are indicated by macrons (ā, ī, ū, ē, ō) as follows:
 * セーラー: se + + ra + (chōonpu) = sērā – Sailor

Syllabic n

 * n + m and n + y


 * Modified Hepburn
 * 群馬（ぐんま）: gunma – Gunma
 * 信用（しんよう）: shin'yō – Trust


 * Nihon-shiki and Kunrei-shiki
 * 群馬（ぐんま）: gumma – Gumma
 * 信用（しんよう）: shin-yō – Trust
 * 信用（しんよう）: shin-yō – Trust

Modified Hepburn

 * Double (or "geminate") consonant sounds are marked by doubling the consonant following the, っ; for consonants that are digraphs in Hepburn (sh, ch, ts), double only the first consonant of the set, except for ch → tch.


 * こっち: kotchi (not kocchi) – This way
 * 抹茶（まっちゃ）: matcha (not maccha) –

Variants
railways and other major railways use this type for station names.
 * Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Standard, which follows the modified Hepburn style. This is used for road signs.

MS Word and macron

 * MS Word


 * If you're using MS Word on a PC, it's easy to type with macrons without using a special font. This option will work best for you if you always use the same computer to type Latin. Here's how it works:
 * Open MS Word
 * Select the menu item INSERT>SYMBOL
 * In the font box choose the font you normally use
 * If the special characters are available, a second box ("subset") appears (as it does with the Times font) called "subset." Choose Latin Extended A in this subset box. You should then see all the characters you need. You can either click on a character to insert it from here, or at the bottom of the window you have the option of creating a shortcut.
 * You will need to specify different shortcut keys for lower- or uppercase characters. For example, you could use alt+the character for lower case and shift+alt+the character for its uppercase equivalent.

関連項目

 * 兵頭精
 * 木部シゲノ
 * 西崎キク
 * 及位ヤヱ
 * 朴敬元

Wakamatsu Shizuko
She was mentioned as in other refs including others


 * at Webcatplus including the following.
 * http://webcatplus.nii.ac.jp/webcatplus/details/book/1433500.html


 * http://webcatplus.nii.ac.jp/webcatplus/details/book/12912836.html


 * http://webcatplus.nii.ac.jp/webcatplus/details/book/1833405.html


 * 若松賤子-然らば、この白きベールをとりてとくとわれを見給え in:

Magazine submissions
 Jogaku zasshi and Hyōron

For magazines, Wakamatsu Shizuko (Shizu) submitted her writings and translation mainly on either Jogaku zasshi or Hyōron. Both magazines were published by Jogaku Zasshisha in Tokyo.


 * ncid=AN00117377
 * Written in English.
 * A serial completed in 1893.
 * Inspired by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
 * A serial completed in 1893.
 * Inspired by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
 * Inspired by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

 Japan Evangelist and Shōnen Sekai 


 * Wakamatsu Shizuko's last writing. ncid=AN00117377
 * Wakamatsu Shizuko's last writing. ncid=AN00117377

Translation

 * Adopted from Adelaide Anne Proctor's poetry.
 * Translated from part of Charles Dickens' David Copperfield.
 * A serial run through 1894.
 * Also titled as いわひ歌 (Carol) [クリスマスの天使 (Christmas Angel)].
 * A serial run through 1894.
 * Also titled as いわひ歌 (Carol) [クリスマスの天使 (Christmas Angel)].
 * Also titled as いわひ歌 (Carol) [クリスマスの天使 (Christmas Angel)].

Reprints
Titles reprinted in recent years.
 * In Iwanami Bunko, 30th impression.
 * In Iwanami Bunko, 30th impression.
 * In Iwanami Bunko, 30th impression.

Anthology

Details



!Original writer!!translated title!!reference!!


 * rowspan=2|Henry Wadsworth Longfellow|| ||
 * 『世渡りの歌』|| ||
 * 『世渡りの歌』|| ||

\-
 * Adelaide Anne Procter||
 * 『まどふこゝろの歌』|||| ||
 * 『優しき姫の物語』 ||
 * 『忘れ形見』|||| ||
 * 『わが宿の花』|||| ||
 * 『忘れ形見』|||| ||
 * 『わが宿の花』|||| ||
 * 『わが宿の花』|||| ||


 * Alfred Tennyson
 * 『イナック・アーデン物語』|||| ||
 * 『おうな』|||| ||
 * 『おうな』|||| ||
 * 『おうな』|||| ||


 * Charles John Huffam Dickens
 * 『雛嫁』||||
 * 『雛嫁』||||


 * Jean Ingelow




 * 『ローレンス』||||
 * 『淋しき岩の話』||||
 * 『淋しき岩の話』||||


 * Kate Douglas Wiggin
 * 『いわひ歌』||||
 * 『いわひ歌』||||

\ --Omotecho (talk) 23:10, 16 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Unknown||||
 * 『人さまざま』||||
 * 『黄金機会』||||
 * 『アンセルモ物語』||||
 * 『勇士最後の手帋』||||
 * 『アンセルモ物語』||||
 * 『勇士最後の手帋』||||
 * 『勇士最後の手帋』||||
 * 『勇士最後の手帋』||||
 * --Omotecho (talk) 19:17, 20 December 2016 (UTC)

Translation











 * a serial completed in 1894

Essays








Books
いわひ 小公子〔前〕 忘れかたみ 忘れかた美 {{ !title!!original publication!!reprint!!
 * ncid=BN08347018.
 * ncid=BN08347018
 * wikitable
 * 雛嫁||
 * せ－ら・くる－物語||
 * おもひで||
 * お向ふの離れ||Jogaku zasshi
 * -| 我宿の花 ||Jogaku zasshi 1892-93
 * 1) 波のまにまに||
 * 2) いなっく・あ－でん物語||
 * 3) 入学前||
 * 4) ひろひ児||
 * 5) 林のぬし||
 * 6) 鼻で鱒||
 * 邪推||
 * 1) 栄公の誕生日||
 * 2) 淋しき岩||
 * 3) 病母と小忰||
 * 4) 砂糖の隠所||
 * 5) 着物の生る木||
 * 6) けんつく踊||
 * 7) 黄金機会||
 * 8) ろ－れんす||
 * 9) 女房演説||
 * {{cite book|title=Sara Crewe|trans-title=英話譯訳セーラ・クルー物語|last=Burnett|first=Frances Hodgson|translator=Wakamatsu, Shizuko|editor=木下祥真|publisher=Naigai Shuppankyokai|language=ja|oclc=244247161|year=1904}}
 * 1) ろ－れんす||
 * 2) 女房演説||
 * {{cite book|title=Sara Crewe|trans-title=英話譯訳セーラ・クルー物語|last=Burnett|first=Frances Hodgson|translator=Wakamatsu, Shizuko|editor=木下祥真|publisher=Naigai Shuppankyokai|language=ja|oclc=244247161|year=1904}}

Reprints
Titles reprinted in recent years.






 * in Iwanami bunko, reprinted for 30th impression.





Additinal readings



 * , appendix to Magazines—Jogaku Zasshi and Bungakukai.


 * A serial run by 1972







Add these to WiR
In non-English wiki, projects will be noted as below.
 * en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Women
 * en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography
 * en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Women in Red/Aviation 2016
 * en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Women
 * en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography
 * en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Women in Red/Aviation 2016

For enwiki; nih 仮リンク
 * Important: Please also include the Women in Aviation editathon template for this event:
 * Important: Please also include the Women in Aviation editathon template for this event:
 * Important: Please also include the Women in Aviation editathon template for this event:

Special:ItemDisambiguation
To search by label in a given language (ja), use the following:

Special:ItemByTitle
To search for Wikidata items by their title on a given site:

Woman in Red, image
✅ Images without article—Media in category "Female aviators"  USA  (WASP),  Frence ,  Nepal ,  Romania 

Special:ItemDisambiguation
To search by label in a given language (ja), use Special:ItemDisambiguation.

Special:ItemByTitle
To search for Wikidata items by their title on a given site:

WiR in writing/novels: Japan
✅Misa Yamamura; a translated article from

WiR in aviation: Japan
Update  to include women from Japanese aviation industry.


 * 1) 今井小松 IMAI Komatsu; aviator
 * 2) 西崎キク NISHIZAKI Kiku; aviator
 * 3) 及位ヤヱ NOZOKI Yae; aviator
 * 4) 真淵テフ子 MABUCHI Choko; aviator
 * 5) 南地よね NANJI Yone; aviator
 * 6) 北村兼子 KITAMURA Kaneko; aviator
 * 7) 相澤理子 AIZAWA Noriko; aviator
 * 8) 藤明里 FUJI Ari; aviator in command 日本初の女性機長
 * 1) 藤明里 FUJI Ari; aviator in command 日本初の女性機長

Africa editathon
✅Meja Mwangi

--Omotecho (talk) 13:44, 26 October 2016 (UTC)
 * ✅Gakaara wa Wanjaũ--Omotecho (talk) 08:55, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

Woman in Red/Kenya
by mid-November, 2016. main namespace ✅Sisters Keepers
 * Immediate deleted

Immediate deletion—not noteworthy


 * Philo Ikonya

✅Meja Mwangi --Omotecho (talk) 13:44, 26 October 2016 (UTC)
 * ✅Gakaara wa Wanjaũ--Omotecho (talk) 08:55, 1 November 2016 (UTC)
 * --Omotecho (talk) 06:04, 19 December 2016 (UTC)

For short, essential form
Infobox person


 * name         =


 * image        =


 * alt          =


 * caption      =


 * birth_name   =


 * birth_date  =


 * birth_place  =


 * death_date   =


 * death_place  =


 * nationality  =


 * other_names  =


 * occupation   =


 * years_active =


 * known_for    =


 * notable_works =

For full length
Infobox person For people who have died, use February 24, undefined''
 * name         =
 * image        =
 * alt          =
 * caption      =
 * birth_name   =  Robāto Kinoshita (ロバート木下)
 * birth_date  =   ''yyyy for living people.

| death_place  =  Torrance, California
 * birth_place  = Los Angeles
 * nationality  =
 * other_names  =
 * occupation   =
 * years_active =
 * known_for    =
 * notable_works =
 * death_place = Torrance (California)
 * death_date = December 9
 * death_year = 2014
 * activities = artist
 * activity2 = designer
 * nationality = US
 * postnationality= internationally known for his work in Cinematographic of  fifties and  Sixties



International asteroid monitoring project
Japan Spaceguard Association (JSGA) is keen to have astronomical education for young people and held Spaceguard Private Investigator of the Stars: the fugitives are asteroids! program in 2001. Yoshiaki Oshima participated as one of the committee memeber. JSGA submitted a paper on that project in a proceedings, with Oshima as a contributor.

JSGA held an astronomical education program as part of their International Asteroid Monitoring Project, that collaborated with the British Council and its International Schools' Observatory (ISO) program which had involved 12 teams of junior high to senior high school classes from Asian and European countries. in the UK is held with John Moor University in Liverpool. The University operates a robotic telescope in the Canary Islands, and schools are allowed that they carry out scientific research using the remote telescope. ISO was a project by the British Council involving youth in junior to senior high school, 12 in total.

The Private Investigator of Stars was co-sponsored by the British Council which advised the International Asteroid Monitoring Project and coordinated with observatories and laboratories participated in and cooperated for ISO. Yomiuri Shinbun newspaper held a asteroid hunting contest for the JSGA and run articles on their paper. 438 school classes and other teams signed up, with 1317 indibivisuals, and 133 contestants reported the results of their observation.

JSGA based its project headquarters in its observatory called Bisei Spaceguard Center, owned by the Japan Space Forum. An optical telescope on the Canary island was operated by the staff of Astrophysics Research Institute at Liverpool John Moores University in Liverpool, and images were transmitted to each classroom via internet connection.

Reference
--Omotecho (talk) 18:50, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * --Omotecho (talk) 16:55, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

Translation template
<!--

Parameter/ Required?/ Usage
 * 1 (first parameter) Yes; The language code of the source page, for example de for German, fr for French, or another from meta:List of Wikipedias.
 * 2 (second parameter) Yes; The exact name of the source page. (This will become a link, so non-English characters must be retained. Do not transliterate the title.)
 * 3 (third parameter) No; Additional pertinent information, in sentence form. This will be inserted at the end of the standard text.
 * insertversion: Recommended; The version identifier of the revision of the target page into which the translation was placed. (Follow the same procedure as for version, but with the target page.)
 * section optional; If the inserted translation is contained in one section of the target page, insert its name here. (A direct link to that section will be created.)
 * ||No||This template defaults to a small message box (equivalent to ). If you have good reason to use a full-sized talk page banner instead,   will generate one.
 * nocat no; Set this parameter to  only when transcluding the template as an example. (For example, it is used on this documentation page to prevent this page from being categorized as a translation.) Further information is available at "Wikipedia:Category suppression".

In the preceding table, the first and second (unnamed) parameters are required in order to comply with Wikimedia projects' licencing terms (e.g. "CC-BY-SA"). The  and   parameters are (strongly) recommended, because they allow readers to identify the exact source and target revisions, without searching through the revision histories.

This template can be used more than once, if several translations were inserted (from several revisions of one article, several articles and/or several Wikipedias). Group the templates in chronological order, with the newest (i.e. largest , when used) on top. Arrange the boxes with other low-priority items, just before the first topic on the talk page. Even if a section of the talk page talks about the translation, avoid placing there, because the template should not be moved when the section is "Help:Archiving a talk page|archived".

"Wikipedia:Template namespace" has a general introduction to the use of templates. --Omotecho (talk) 07:26, 15 October 2016 (UTC) -->

Bruce and Norman Yonemoto
<!--

Norman Yonemoto was born in 1946, and Bruce Yonemoto in 1948 and they were raised in California when Japanese Americans were trying to reclaim and rebuild their lives after the hard times post the WWII. Bruce and Norman Yonemoto worked together until Norman passed away on October 01, 2015.

Bruce is represented by the Alexander Gray Gallery in New York, U.S.A.

Major exhibitions: 2009: Solo exhibition, “North South East West- Survey Retrospective”,, Gallerie Quynh Contemporary Art, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 2010: LAX Art, Los Angeles, California, Saint Louis Museum of Art, Missouri. Alexander Gray & Associates Gallery, New York. 2011: Hosted by the Institute of Contemporary Arts and International Cultural Exchange in Tokyo. Yonemoto was a resident artist at Tokyo Wonder Site in August 2011.

Infobox artist
｛｛ Infobox artist Univesity of California Los Angeles
 * name         = Norman Yonemoto
 * image        =
 * image_size   =
 * caption      =
 * birth_name   =
 * birth_date   = 1946
 * birth_place  = California, U.S.A.
 * death_date   = February 2, 2014
 * death_place  =
 * nationality  = American
 * field        = Video artist, Film Maker, Screen play
 * training     = Univerity of California Irvine
 * movement     =
 * works        =
 * patrons      =
 * influenced by =
 * influenced   =
 * awards       =

｝｝ norman yonemoto was born in 1946, and bruce yonemoto in 1948 and they were raised in california when japanese americans were trying to reclaim and rebuild their lives after the hard times post the wwii. bruce and norman yonemoto worked together until norman passed away on october 01, 2015.

Bruce is represented by the Alexander Gray Gallery in New York, U.S.A.

Major exhibitions: 2009: Solo exhibition, “North South East West”, Survey Retrospective, Gallerie Quynh Contemporary Art, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 2010: LAX Art, Los Angeles, California, Saint Louis Museum of Art, Missouri. Alexander Gray & Associates Gallery, New York. 2011: Hosted by the Institute of Contemporary Arts and International Cultural Exchange in Tokyo. Yonemoto was a resident artist at Tokyo Wonder Site in August 2011.

Academic background
1971 graduated from University of California at Barkley; BA. 1979 MFA, Otis Art Institute of Art and Design Graduate Studies at the Sokei Academy of Fine Art & Design in Tokyo, Japan.

2008: submit a paper titled “Support for Art Practice” on Tsukuba University journal in Japan. He was a visiting professor at the University of Tsukuba and published “Support for Art Practice” at the Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba Japan.

It was in 2009 when Bruce Yonemoto was chosen for the Freund Teaching Fellows by the Henry L. and Natalie E. Freund Art Endowment Fund. During the two months' program at Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts, Yonemoto  taught art in the Graduate School, and he was given an opportunity to exhibit at the Saint Louis Art Museum.

Biography as a multimedia artist
As a multi media artist, Bruce Yonemoto made an audio visual work in 1976 titled “Garage Sale”, a 90 minutes' 16mm feature film in color. It was in 2006 when his artwork appeared in a exhibition in Paris, France, as well as at the Barnsdall Art Center at  his alma ata Otis College of Art and Design the same year. Bruce and Norman Yonemoto's work “Based on Romance” was among their early works, on display at the Long Beach Museum of Art Long Beach, CA in 1980. “Garage Sale II,” had an exhibition catalog published by Long Beach Museum of Art, and the work was included into the Pacific Film Archives, University of California, Berkeley, CA. Bruce Yonemoto's early work was included in the 1979 annual City of Los Angeles Individual Artist Fellowships exhibition (C.O.L.A.), as the work of City’s best mid career artists.

American artists with Japanese heritage
Yonemoto has worked with his brother Norman Yonemoto until he passed away on October 01, 2015.

There was an exhibition “Drawing the Line: Japanese American Art, Design & Activism in Post-War Los Angeles” Japanese American National Museum in downtown Los Angeles between October 15, 2011 and February 19, 2012. American artists with Japanese heritage introduced their artwork focused on the post war period between 1950s and the early 1980s,. The exhibition was part of the project “Pacific Standard Time: Art in LA 1945 – 1980” hosted by the Getty Research Institute. Yonemotos were invited to the exhibition Norman as a filmmaker and visual artist, and Bruce as visual artist among artists ranging from painting to music to performance art. Matsumi Kanemitsu, Robert A. Nakamura, Linda Nishio, an Alternative Museum painter and printmaker Ben Sakoguchi as well as Larry Shinoda, Qris Yamashita and the seminal Asian American magazine Gidra.

Yonemoto participated in a traveling exhibition “Love in the Time of War” in 2016, during August and October, 2016. His display of a series of c-print photogaph portrays an Asian man dressed in the Civil War uniform. That is titled “NSEW (North South East West)” (2007), which includes East and West, not only North and South usually imaged for Civil War in the United States, but to acknowledge the largely ignored history of Asian solders serving on either side of the war, in this case across the Pacific. The costume he borrowed was by a costume company that has been providing for Hollywood films since the very early days of the film industry, and for D.W. Griffith and his production of Birth of A Nation (1915), a film that caused controversy significant to races in the United States of America.

Also in 2016 “Far East of Eden”, a video work collaborating with Karen Finley, was presented online which was commissioned by Montalvo Arts Center that tear. Yonemoto joined a panel, “Cultural Activism Panel: What is Cultural Activism”. The Pacific Standard Time was a series of exhibitions focused on art in the west coast of the United States of America, and it hosted over fifty cultural institutions across Southern California took in collaboration, with grants from the Getty Foundation of Art to and sponsored by Bank of America Los Angeles.

His retrospective exhibition is planned at the Tate Modern in London in 2017. The Tate Modern's exhibition will be a part of the project Pacific Standard Time. Over fifty cultural institutions across Southern California took part in collaboration in that, with grants from the Getty Foundation of Art and sponsored by Bank of America L.A.

Overseas exhibition

 * Sunshine & Noir: Art in L.A. 1960-1997
 * Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebaek, Denmark 1997
 * Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg 15.11.1997 – 01.02.1998

In 2000, it was at InterCommunciation Center in Tokyo where Bruce Yonemoto showed the large Hanabi Fireworks on three-channel work among several video works, and the following year at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia, on his first solo exhibition at an American museum was realized funded by Barbara Wise; Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Council on the Arts and the Advisory Board. The show was on display from February 24 to April 22, 2001. Yonemoto wrote an essay in the exhibition catalog, and Carole Ann Konarides and Takuo Komatsuzaki also contributed essays.

Bruce and Norman joined a panel discussion at University of California, Los Angeles, when the exhibition "Sunshine & Noir: Art in L.A. 1960-1997" returned to the US and for the only exhibition nationally. It had traveled to European countries

The Centre Pompidou March 8 – July 17, 2006 Paris, France Paris - Los Angeles – Paris, 1955 – 1985: The Birth of an Artistic Capital. The Centre Pompidou hosted a major exhibition on L.A. art, featuring 350 works by 85 artists. Fine Arts Chair Suzanne Lacy with Bruce Yonemoto (1979) among other alumni were included. Notes: the exhibition was title Exposition at the Japanese American National Museum, Los Angeles, 1999 which toured to Kandinsky Library, Ponpideu Center.

W. König in Wien, Allemagne 18 January - 29 April 2007, Wien, Austria The exhibition was title Exil des Imaginären: Politik, Asthetik, Liebe in German. Exposition, Vienne, Generali Foundation

Hong Gah Museum October 2015, Ho Chiming, Viet Nam In Taiwan, Bruce Yonemoto held his first exhibition as a solo Japanese-American artist in Vie Nam at Hong Gah Museum titled An Asian Survey — Bruce Yonemoto.

Norman Yonemoto
Norman Yonemoto has worked with his brother Bruce from early days as video artists. One of Norman Yonemoto's work with Bruce is Garage Sale, and he was the diector, wtiter and shared the task of producer with Bruce.

His talent as a screen writer “Based on Romance” is among their early works exhibited in 1980 in California, with “Garage Sale II” as among Pacific Film Archives, University of California at Berkeley, and in 1989 an exhibition was held at their retrospective exhibition by Long Beach Museum of Art with a catalog.

Norman collaborated with Bruce over twenty years on their impressive works of films and video. The audience would encounter those Hollywood melodrama they could recall, and popular television commercial messages but in segmented pieces fabricated together showing the repeated patterns the mass-media supply daily. The subject Bruce Yonemoto themes his works on is his perceptions of mass media and how they influence our desires as well as identity. People think that it is themselves who identify their social image, and memories of others they hold is quite personal. Yonemoto presents that it is the mass media who make people believe in virtues which they were given by the mass media.

His solo exhibition were:
 * 1995 CCF Fellowship for Visual Artists: Norman Yonemoto Mid-Career Artist. California Community Foundation (CCF) grants one-year fellowships to outstanding Los Angeles based artists working in the visual arts through the CCF Fellowship for Visual Artists. The Fellowships is a unique opportunity for artists because it is an investment in an artist’s career rather than in a particular project. . The J. Paul Getty Trust pioneered the CCF Fellowship in 1988, and gifts from the Brody Arts Fund, the Atlass Fund, the Joan Palevsky Endowment for the Future of Los Angeles, the T.M. and R.W. Brown Fund, the Harry J. Volk Fund and other CCF funds supporting the Fellowship subsequently.

His talent as a video screen writer had him apply for awards, and in the 9th annual Filmmakers International Screenwriting Awards in 2009, his work “VICTOR” was a quarter finalist among 1,400 applicants.

Works of Norman Yonemoto

 * Chatterbox [VHS] For the VTR work, an exhibition catalog was published for the art show held between September 7 and October 14, 2006..



is an extensive review and interview by Ms.Karin Higa, a curator at Japanese American National Museum.

Awards and Grants

 * the 1998 National Endowment for the Arts grant, Bruce and Norman Yonemoto Bruce and Norman Yonemoto was interviewed on a CD-ROM, "Los Angeles: Graveyard of Documentary?." supporting "On the Verge: Alternative Art in L.A.", a public lecture series about the state of contemporary art. Original works were planned to be entered into the Archives of American Art and the Los Angeles Public Library, the Smithsonian Institution's.
 * the 1993 Award for Independent Film and Video Artists, Independent Film and Video Artists also known as American Film Institute Award for Independent Film and Video Artists, with grant
 * 1998 Rockefeller Foundation Intercultural Film/Video/Multimedia Fellowship

Recognition in their mid-life
"Memory, Matter and Modern Romance" for Bruce and Norman Yonemoto Norman born 1946, and Bruce 1948, they were honored with recognition in their mid-life at the exhibition Memory, Matter and Modern Romance at Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles, January 23 - July 4, 1999. Catalog essays included Ian Buruma, Karin Higa and Timothy Martin. The occasion was realized with funds from the Andy Warhol for the Visual Arts, the Peter Norton Family Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the California Arts Council.

Artworks on the show include: Installations and Objects: Video Programs:
 * 1999 “Silicon Valley”, two-channel video projection
 * 1984-1999 “Definition of a TV Lamp”, thirty-two ceramic lamps
 * 1997 ”La vie Secret”, altered screen, closed-circuit camera, and lens screen
 * 1995 ”Parana”, porcelain coffee set and video of black-and-white archival footage
 * 1995 “A Matter of Memory”, animated video projection, glass, water, and acrylic table
 * 1995 “Asexual Clone Mutation (for Our Father)”, carnation, gold petal, glass, steel, rubber, and water. Collection of Barbara Wise, New York
 * 1994 “Exotica: Hashi de Matto Grosso”, video projection and video of black-and-white archival footage
 * 1994 “Exotica: Outdoor - Indoor”, table, fluorenscent bulb, and paint
 * 1994 “Exotica: le Cabinet Chinois”, Brazilian armoire, video monitor, and framed photograph
 * 1993 “Golden”, gold leaf on projection screen (collection of Eileen and Peter Norton, Santa Monica, California
 * 1993 “Disintegration”, nitrate film stock and glass
 * 1993 “Napkin Series”, beaded-glass projection screens on TV trays
 * 1993 “Achrome Series”, Achrome V (collection of Michael Conway, Beverley Hills, California); Achrome III (collection of Kimberly and John Knight, Larkspur, California); beaded-glass projection screens; Achrome I, altered 35mm-slide projection
 * 1993 “Environmental”, two-channel video projection, fourteen home movie screens, and three black-and-white photographs.
 * 1992 “Land of Projection”, multi-channel color video projection with fiberglass sculpture and audio
 * 1989 “Framed”; video and slide projection, mirror, scrim, and backdrop. Collection of the Long Beach Museum of Art
 * An Important Metaphor (1979, 55 minutes)
 * Lone Lines (1979, 1 minute)
 * Green Card from An American Romance 1982, (75 minutes)
 * Vault (1984, 10 minutes)
 * Made in Hollywood 1990 (58 minutes)
 * SPALDING GRAY'S MAP OF L.A. (1984, 26 minutes)
 * Blinky (1986, 15 minutes)
 * KAPPA (1986 25 Minutes)
 * Japan in Paris in L.A. (1997, 30 minutes)
 * Ahistory (1992, 1 minute)

Permanent Collections

 * Centre Pompidou, Paris, France (2014):
 * “Vault”, 1984; Bruce Yonemoto (1949 - ), Norman Yonemoto (1946 - 2014); Betacam NTSC, color, purchased 1994; Inventory number: AM 1994-404
 * “Kappa”, 1986; Mike Kelley (1954 - 2012), Bruce Yonemoto (1949 - ), Norman Yonemoto (1946 - 2014); Fichier ProRes, couleur, purchased 2014; Inventory number: AM 2014-659


 * Long Beach Museum of Art, Long Beach, CA
 * ”Framed”, 1989; Norman Yonemoto (1946 - 2014); video and slide projection, mirror, scrim, and backdrop
 * University of Texas, Austin (2013)


 * Museum of Contemporary Art (MoCA), Los Angeles 

UCLA Hammer Museum

Whitney Museum of Art

Norton Family Foundation

Fonds National d'Art Contemporain (National Collection of France)


 * Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY
 * ”Green Card: An American Romance” by Bruce Yonemoto and Norman Yonemoto, with Nikolai Ursin (cameraman). }}
 * "It's a Matter of Memory" (standard audio cassette), by Bruce and Norman Yonemoto. {{cfn|Artist biographies for Bruce and Norman Yonemoto (I.A.3165) is in the museum's general exhibition documentation Video Acts Artist Files, P-Y. "It's a Matter of Memory" (vv99.3), archived on March 4, 1999, the Museum of Modern Art archives.

Hara Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo, Japan

Donnell Library Collections, New York, NY

La Jolla Museum of Contemporary Art, La Jolla, CA

Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL

Japanese American National Museum, Los Angeles, CA

Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City, Kansas

San Diego Museum of Art

Books
1986, 1999, 2012 1986
 * (Book consisting of two different format nested: The catalog and the texts)

1989

1999
 * Notes: Exhibition was called Exposition at Los Angeles, Japanese American National Museum, 1999; Kandinsky Library, Ponpideu Center.

2006
 * Also published Panama edition.

2007
 * Exhibition toured to Vienna (18 January through 29 April 2007). Title in German=Exil des Imaginären. Politik, Asthetik, Liebe. The exhibition was held by Generali Foundation, 2007.

2010

2011

2012

Journals
2008, 2010, 2012

2012

--Omotecho (talk) 15:49, 8 October 2016 (UTC)

資料
--Omotecho (talk) 07:04, 1 October 2016 (UTC)

Manga and Izakaya
"en:Jarinko Chie", a manga, is rather true to izakaya in Osaka area after World War II, serving broiled and stewed beef and pork intestines with cheap sake and shōchū for working class customers▲, on the contrary, menus at "Izakaya Choji" is rather sophisticated with better quality sake.▲
 * --Omotecho (talk) 14:15, 7 March 2016 (UTC)


 * expand and cite;
 * --Omotecho (talk) 09:56, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

Typical menu items
Might not be quite typical in any area in Japan? Need images to support the body text. --Omotecho (talk) 09:56, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

add: today's special is listed on a sepate sheet and inseted in the menu book, or written on white/blackboard hang on the wall, quantity limited.

subdivide izakaya menu into eight groups
Divide Menu and Typical food sections into maybe 7-8 groups by how they are cooked; see Talk:Izakaya.

Izakaya food is usually more substantial than tapas or mezze. Many items are designed to be shared. Always check the paper strips or notice board on the wall for seasonal treats, quantity limited. Otsumami, the hors d'oeuvre.

- Kawakimono;
 * * kakinotane (kakipī), peanuts, sakiika.

- Vegetable;
 * * Edamame – boiled and salted soybean pods
 * * Goma-ae – various vegetables served with a sesame dressing
 * * Morokyū – Cucumber with miso on the side as seasoning.

- Others;
 * * Misoae – various shellfish and seafood, wakame sea vegitable served with vinegar and dashi dressing
 * * Sunomono – various shellfish and seafood, takenoko bamboo shoots and herbs served with a miso and vinegar dressing
 * * Nikomi
 * * Shiokara


 * Salads potato salad, sliced tomato.


 * Tsukemono – pickles
 * Tofu
 * Agedashi tofu – deep fried tofu in broth
 * Hiyayakko – chilled silken tofu with toppings

Seafood.
 * Sashimi – slices of raw fish
 * sashimi, tanpin or mori-awase (sashi-mori). Mori-awase is a combination of three, five, seven, or eight kinds of fish and shellfish arranged in portion for two or more people. Example might include tai sea bream for weeks while sakura is in full bloom when they are very fat; crum and shallow water shellfish March to end of May; Katsuo in season late May to August, buri, tara (cod) and sea crab mainly in winter between October to early February. Ask for local delicacies as whit are somSquid, if you are brave to try, they will serve you the best variety of the season.

Nimono stew and nabe
 * nikomi, oden as they prepare ahead. Nabe is cooked by order.

Agemono deep fried; fried potato in shoestring or sectioned, isobeage, karaage, kawaebi, korokke (crocette), tenpura.
 * Karaage – bite-sized chicken marinade with soy sauce and fried
 * Kushikatsu –
 * Tebasaki – Chicken wings, fried and marinade with salty and sweet sauce
 * Tenpura –

Yakimono grilled /char broiled food; ikayaki, kushiyaki (including beef vegitable and mashroom), satumaage, sausage, yakiton (pork), yakitori, yakizakana.
 * Kushiyaki – grilled meat or vegetable skewers
 * Yakisoba noodles
 * Yakizakana – grilled fish, filette or whole
 * Yakitori – grilled chicken skewers

Udon, soba; Japanese napolitan spagetti, gratin, yakimeshi (chāhan). not necessarily put as a single category on menus, actually.

Oshokuji, meaning rice dishes such as ochazuke and noodle dishes such as yakisoba are sometimes eaten at the end to round off a drinking session. (For the most part, the Japanese do not eat rice or noodles (shushoku – "staple food") at the same time as they drink alcohol, since sake, brewed from rice, traditionally takes the place of rice in a meal.). With rice dishes, some soup, misoshiru or ushiojiru, dashi soup and tsukemono are ordered as condiments.
 * Ochazuke – small portion of rice with hot green tea poured over. Flavor is selected from Ume, Sake grilled and crushed salmon, or Nori.
 * Onigiri –
 * Yakionigiri –
 * Soba –
 * Chasoba –

Desert; rather new to izakaya menu, with more female customers come to izakaya.

Other varieties
★ Ashiya ?

Reference
''I suggest to expand the food section in this article, with some research. Or is it too minute? Categorize typical food menu into several groups by how they are cooked: the common way the menu book is presented, and I guess they are ordered by how fast they are served.'' (New sub section.)

--Omotecho 19:17, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

✅. top section, deleted subsections from here as copied to the article. --Omotecho 18:52, 6 February 2016 (UTC)
 * --Omotecho 06:58, 6 February 2016 (UTC) --Omotecho (talk) 09:56, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

Translated Kushikatsu from Japanese article, subsections
citation needed
 * During the latter part of Edo period prior to 1868, those food stands called “tempura yatai” served kushikatsu that was called tempura back then.

✅

European Cuisine
European Cusine in ja redirects to. Finished translation to ja: * to  (2015-8-21) * original

--Omotecho (talk) 08:41, 21 August 2015 (UTC)

Target List
Projects in To-do items, WikiProject_Japan#To-do_items.


 * ex, consistency for format/convention, ex Amano-Iwato, Yomi, Izumo, Ashihara no Nakatsukuni, and Hyūga


 * Skipped macron issue as of 2016-09-24


 * Kansai region. Compared to the Tōhoku region, Kansai related articles are systematically sub-standard and have articles of towns and cities missing.


 * Special:Allpages/Japan and Special:Allpages/Japanese, dozens of pages lack WikiProject Japan tags and assessments.


 * tip--narrowing down the list of "Articles containing Japanese language": change address to desired index by replacing the last letter to, ex. X, in Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text=from=Z
 * Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text&from=X --Omotecho (talk) 15:10, 16 September 2016 (UTC)


 * --Omotecho (talk) 22:10, 24 September 2016 (UTC)

Mythology_task_force
Enroll first before dicuss topics.

Japanese names
Romanization conventions > Naming conventions > Overview > Japanese

Macrons
Macron means the diacritic mark.

To input macron

 * * Unicode
 * Got Unicode? This Page has input systems for format:


 * Windows


 * Questionable writing in Wikipedia article
 * Isn't it Modified Hepburn or Revised Hepburn Revised Hepburn ((修正ヘボン式))?
 * The Hepburn romanization system of Japanese, for example, "traffic (交通, こうつう) kōtsū" opposed to "bone or knack (骨, こつ) kotsu".
 * The Hepburn romanization system of Japanese, for example, "traffic (交通, こうつう) kōtsū" opposed to "bone or knack (骨, こつ) kotsu".


 * * HTML Codes
 * Use these codes to input accented letters in HTML. For instance, if you want to type bōnus with a long O, you would type b&#333;nus.
 *  NOTE: Your page should declare utf-8 (Unicode) encoding or else the characters may not display in older browsers. Because these are Unicode characters, the formatting may not exactly match that of the surrounding text depending on the browser. 

The Hepburn romanization system of Japanese

 * Hepburn -> simplified Hepburn (more popular in use today) -> Modified Hepburn or Revised Hepburn (修正ヘボン式 Shūsei Hebon-shiki)

The rendering of syllabic n as m before certain consonants is no longer used, resulting in e.g. Shinbashi for 新橋（しんばし）. This style was introduced in the third edition of Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary (1954), adopted by the Library of Congress as one of its ALA-LC romanizations, and is the most common version of the system today.
 * Macrons are used for Modified Hepburn or Revised Hepburn (修正ヘボン式 Shūsei Hebon-shiki). Circumflexes often used for   and , or when a word processor does not allow macrons.


 * 東京（とうきょう）: = Tōkyō – Tokyo
 * 東京（とうきょう）: = Tôkyô – Tokyo

Combination

 * The combination of a + a is written aa if a word-border exists between them.


 * 邪悪（じゃあく）: ji +  ya  + a + ku = jaaku – Evil

In Modified Hepburn

 * The long vowel e is indicated by a macron otherwise:
 * お姉さん（おねえさん）: o + ne + e + sa + n = onēsan – Older sister
 * The combination o + o is written oo if a word-border exists between them:
 * 小躍り（こおどり）: ko + o + do + ri = koodori – Dance
 * The long vowel o is indicated by a macron otherwise:
 * 氷（こおり）: ko + o + ri = kōri – Ice
 * 遠回り（とおまわり）: to + o + ma + wa + ri = tōmawari – Roundabout route
 * 大阪（おおさか）: o + o + sa + ka = Ōsaka –
 * The combination o + u is written ou if a word-border exists between them or it is the end part of terminal form of a verb:
 * 追う（おう）: o + u = ou – To chase
 * 東京（とうきょう）: to + u + kyo + u = Tōkyō –
 * 金曜日（きんようび）: ki + n + yo + u + bi = kinyōbi or kin'yōbi – Friday
 * The combination e + i is written ei.
 * 学生（がくせい）: ga + ku + se + i = gakusei –
 * 経験（けいけん）: ke + i + ke + n = keiken – Experience
 * 制服（せいふく）: se + i + fu + ku = seifuku –
 * 姪（めい）: me + i = mei – Niece
 * 招いて（まねいて）: ma + ne + i + te = maneite – Call/invite and then

In Traditional Hepburn

 * The long vowel a is indicated by a macron otherwise:
 * お婆さん（おばあさん）: o + ba + a + sa + n = obāsan – Grandmother
 * The combination i + i is always written ii.
 * お爺さん（おじいさん）: o + ji + i + sa + n = ojiisan – Grandfather
 * The combination u + u is written uu if a word-border exists between them or it is the end part of terminal form of a verb:
 * 食う（くう）: ku + u = kuu – To eat
 * The long vowel u is indicated by a macron otherwise:
 * 数学（すうがく）: su + u + ga + ku = sūgaku –
 * An exception is 湖（みずうみ）: mi + zu + u + mi = mizuumi -
 * The combination e + e is written ee if a word-border exists between them:
 * 濡れ縁（ぬれえん）: nu + re + e + n = nureen – Open veranda

Modified Hepburn

 * The long vowels within loanword are indicated by macrons (ā, ī, ū, ē, ō) as follows:
 * セーラー: se + + ra + (chōonpu) = sērā – Sailor

Syllabic n

 * n + m and n + y


 * Modified Hepburn
 * 群馬（ぐんま）: gunma – Gunma
 * 信用（しんよう）: shin'yō – Trust


 * Nihon-shiki and Kunrei-shiki
 * 群馬（ぐんま）: gumma – Gumma
 * 信用（しんよう）: shin-yō – Trust
 * 信用（しんよう）: shin-yō – Trust

Modified Hepburn

 * Double (or "geminate") consonant sounds are marked by doubling the consonant following the, っ; for consonants that are digraphs in Hepburn (sh, ch, ts), double only the first consonant of the set, except for ch → tch.


 * こっち: kotchi (not kocchi) – This way
 * 抹茶（まっちゃ）: matcha (not maccha) –

MS Word and macron

 * MS Word


 * If you're using MS Word on a PC, it's easy to type with macrons without using a special font. This option will work best for you if you always use the same computer to type Latin. Here's how it works:
 * Open MS Word
 * Select the menu item INSERT>SYMBOL
 * In the font box choose the font you normally use
 * If the special characters are available, a second box ("subset") appears (as it does with the Times font) called "subset." Choose Latin Extended A in this subset box. You should then see all the characters you need. You can either click on a character to insert it from here, or at the bottom of the window you have the option of creating a shortcut.
 * You will need to specify different shortcut keys for lower- or uppercase characters. For example, you could use alt+the character for lower case and shift+alt+the character for its uppercase equivalent.