User:Paul August/Polybotes

Polybotes

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Ancient
Apollodorus, 1.6.2
 * Polybotes was chased through the sea by Poseidon and came to Cos; and Poseidon, breaking off that piece of the island which is called Nisyrum, threw it on him.5

Strabo, 10.5.16
 * They say that Nisyros is a fragment of Cos, and they add the myth that Poseidon, when he was pursuing one of the giants, Polybotes, broke off a fragment of Cos with his trident and hurled it upon him, and the missile became an island, Nisyros, with the giant lying beneath it. But some say that he lies beneath Cos.

Pausanias, 1.2.4
 * Not far from the temple is Poseidon on horseback, hurling a spear against the giant Polybotes, concerning whom is prevalent among the Coans the story about the promontory of Chelone. But the inscription of our time assigns the statue to another, and not to Poseidon.

Hyginus, Fabulae Preface
 * From Earth and Tartarus, Giants: Enceladus, Coeus, *elentes, *mophius, Astraeus, Pelorus, Pallas, Emphytus, Rhoecus, *ienios, Agrius, *alemone, Ephialtes, Eurytus, *effracorydon, Themoises, Theodamas, Otus, Typhon, Polybo[e}tes, *menephriarus, *abesus, *colophonus, Iapetus.

Modern
Arafat
 * p. 16
 * In fact the only absolutely consistent feature in art and literature is that Poseidon's opponent is Polybotes (e.g. passage 1 [Apoll. 1.6] and Strabo 10.5.16), although his use of Nisyros is not invariable.
 * p. 24
 * However, Poseidon is made prominent by his position in the tondo [of Berlin F2531] where he is about to drive his trident into Polybotes. Both are named, as is Ge, rising from the ground behind Poseidon.
 * p. 25
 * It is an indication of the consistency of the tradition of Poseidon's role in the Gigantomachy that in all the literary accounts and on all the vases where he is named his opponent is Polybotes, even where, as here [Berlin F2531], he does not use Nisyros against him.

Cook
 * note 3 pp. 13–18
 * According to the oldest accessible form of the myth 'Polybotes, chased through the sea by Poseidon, came to Kos; whereupon Poseidon, breaking off a piece of that island now called Nisyros, hurled it upon him' (Apollod. 1.6.2, cp. Strab. 489, Eustath. in Dionys. per. 525, Plin. nat. hist. 5. 133 f.). A variant version tells how Polybotes when struck by Zeus, started to swim, and how Poseidon flung a trident at him but failed to hit, the missile becoming the island Nisyros or Porphyris (Steph, Bys. s.v. Νισυρος (= Eudok. viol. 764, Favorin. lex. pp. 3111, 14 f., 1536, 18 ff.)). Black-figured vases regularly show Poseidon moving from left to right and bearing on his left shoulder the mass of rock with which he is about to overwhelm his opponent (Overbeck op. cit. p. 328 ff. enumerates fourteen such vases). But only one vase, an Ionian amphora, adds the name Polybotes (supra ii. 713 pl. xxx). Red-figured vases of the strong style (c. 500–460 BC) give Poseidon in the same attitude, but further character his rock as the island by representing on it an assortment of land- and sea-creatures (Overbeck op. cit. p. 330 f. lists eight such vases. Typical are (1) ...

Hanfmann
 * p. 476
 * It has furthermore been deduced from the words "with a mill stone" that Alcman described how Poseidon crushed the giant Polybotes with a rock torn from the island of Cos, which thereafter became the island of Nisyros

Frazer, p. 48

Moore 1989, p. 33 ff.

Vian and Moore
 * p. 192
 * Alcman (Page PMG frg. 1. 31) pourrait faire allusion à Poseidon portant l'île de Nisyros.


 * [Google translate] Alcman (Page PMG frg. 1. 31) could refer to Poseidon carrying the island of Nisyros.

Black-Figure Vases
Theoi POLYBOTES

Getty 81.AE.211 Black-Figure

 * Beazley Archive 10047
 * Polybotes named
 * Polybotes inscription
 * LIMC Gigantes 171
 * Moore, pp. 21–40
 * Moore 1989, pp.33 ff.

Louvre E732 Black-Figure Amphora

 * LIMC Gigantes 170
 * LIMC Gigantes 170 image 4/4
 * Beazley Archive 14590
 * 575–525 BC
 * Gantz, p. 451
 * Polybotes named
 * Cook, p. 14
 * Black-figured vases regularly show Poseidon moving from left to right and bearing on his left shoulder the mass of rock with which he is about to overwhelm his opponent (Overbeck op. cit. p. 328 ff. enumerates fourteen such vases). But only one vase, an Ionian amphora, adds the name Polybotes (supra ii. 713 pl. xxx).

Louvre F226 Black-Figure Neck Amphora

 * Beazley Archive 301546
 * -550 to -500
 * LIMC Gigantes 269c

Metropolitan Museum, 98.8.11 Vlack-Figure AMPHORA, NECK

 * Beazley Archive 301545
 * POSEIDON WITH ROCK (NISYROS), AND GIANT, FALLING WITH BOEOTIAN SHIELD
 * LIMC Gigantes 269a

Munich 1437 Black-Figure Neck Amphora

 * Beazley Archive 745
 * -575 to -525
 * Decoration: A: GIGANTOMACHY, ARES AND GODDESS IN CHARIOT, ATHENA, GIANTS B: GIGANTOMACHY, POSEIDON WITH NISYROS, ATHENA, GIANTS


 * LIMC Gigantes 126


 * Perseus
 * c. 540 BC

Munich 1485 Black-Figure Neck Amphora

 * Beazley Archive 302287
 * -550 to -500
 * Decoration: A: GIGANTOMACHY, ZEUS WITH THUNDERBOLT, HERAKLES, BOTH IN CHARIOT, ATHENA, GIANTS, SOME FALLING, DEVICE, BUKRANION B: GIGANTOMACHY, POSEIDON WITH NISYROS, GIANTS, SOME FALLING, SHIELD DEVICES, IVY WREATH, DISCS

Athens Akropolis 2.211 Red-Figure Cup Fragments (by Leagros Group)

 * Beazley Archive 200125
 * -550 to -475
 * Named: [EU]RYBOTOS, [or POLYBOTES?]
 * CAVI Inscriptions: Between an outstretched giant and Poseidon: [Ευ]ρ̣υβοτος?


 * LIMC Gigantes 299


 * Arafat,
 * p. 15
 * On 1.7 [Akr 2.211] the names of Zeus, Hephaistos, and Apollo are preserved (at least in part), and Poseidon's presense is assured by the inscription [P]olybot[es];
 * p. 16
 * On 1.23 [British Museum E 47] Hephaistos fights Euryalos, whereas on 1.7 [Akr 2.211] Euryalos is named and his opponent is certainly not Hephaistos, who is named and fighting elsewhere.
 * p. 183
 * c.520–500

Berlin F2531 Red-Figure Cup (from Vulci) (by Aristophanes)

 * Beazley Archive 220533
 * Gaia, Poseidon and Polybotes
 * 450–400 BC
 * Named: Ephialtes, Enceladus, Gaion, Phoitos, Polybotes, Porphyrion, Mimon


 * LIMC Gigantes 318
 * Gaia, Poseidon and Polybotes: LIMC Gigantes 318 image 3/4


 * Arafat
 * p. 25
 * It is an indication of the consistency of the tradition of Poseidon's role in the Gigantomachy that in all the literary accounts and on all the vases where he is named his opponent is Polybotes, even where, as here, he does not use Nisyros against him.
 * However, Poseidon is made prominent by his position in the tondo where he is about to drive his trident into Polybotes. Both are named, as is Ge, rising from the ground behind Poseidon.
 * p. 186
 * c.420-400


 * Cook,
 * p. 56
 * (1) a kylix by the potter Erginos and the painter Aristophanes, found at Vulci and now at Berlin ...
 * Plate VI
 * (A) Poseidon attacks Polybotes in the presence of Ge
 * (B) Ares v. Mimon, Apollo v. Ephialtes, Hera v. Phoitos
 * (C) Artemis v. Gaion, Zeus v. Porphyrion, Athena v. Enkelados.


 * Weller,
 * pp. 268–269
 * Fig. 168 Ge rising from the ground, contest of Poseidon and Polybotes; vase of Erginus and Aristophanes [Image showing inscriptions]
 * the form of a matronly woman. the personification of Earth, rising from the gorund with arms uplifted, as in various ancient representations (fig. 168).


 * Perseus Berlin F 2531 (Vase)
 * 410–405 BC
 * Interior: Poseidon and giant. Poseidon battles with Polybotes, who has fallen onto one knee. Poseidon threatens him with his raised trident and grabs hold of his neck. Polybotes responds by holding onto Poseidon's left arm, the one around his neck. Ge, rising from the ground on the left, gazes up at Poseidon, her hands held up, palms outward. Poseidon is naked but for a mantle draped over one arm. He also wears a wreath. Polybotes wears a chiton, cuirass and a crested helmet, and carries a shield and spear. Both men are bearded. Ge wears a chiton and a diadem.
 * Polybotes
 * Aristophanes' cup: Drawing of the tondo, showing Ge, Poseidon, and Polybotes [showing inscriptions]


 * Theoi

Berlin F2293 Red Figure Kylix Vulci

 * Beazley Archive 203909
 * LIMC Gigantes 303 = Poseidon 180
 * LIMC Gigantes 303 image 3/6
 * Cook, p. 14
 * (2) a kylix from Vulci, now at Berlin ... attributed to 'the Brygos painter' ...
 * Cook, p. 15 fig. 3

Ferrara 2892 (T300) Red Figure Calyx Krater

 * Beazley Archive 213529
 * -475 to -425
 * Named: PO[LYBOTES]
 * LIMC Gigantes 315
 * Arafat
 * p. 186
 * c.450-440

Paris, Cabinet des Medailles, 573 Red Figure Kylix Vulci

 * Beazley Archive 204546
 * -500 to -450
 * Cook, p. 14
 * (3) a kylix from Vulci, now at Paris, assigned by Hoppin to 'the Brygos paniter' ...
 * Plate III, A

Vatican 84 Attic Red-Figure Amphora Vulci

 * Beazley Archive 202472
 * -500 to -450
 * DIOGENES P by BEAZLEY
 * Cook p. 14
 * Typical are (1) an Amphora from Vulci, now in the Vatican ...
 * Cook Plate II
 * Theoi

Vienna 688 Attic Red-Figure Column Krater [EPHIALTES]

 * Beazley Archive 202916
 * -500 to -450
 * (POSEIDON) WITH ROCK AND GIANT (EPHIALTES)
 * LIMC Gigantes 361
 * Cook, pp. 14–18
 * Only one of the red-figured vases names the Giant, and this calls him not Polybotes but Ephialtes
 * Cook, p. 17 fig. 5 [image]
 * Theoi [image]

Williams 64.9 Attic Red-Figure Stamnos

 * Beazley Archive 275166
 * Poseidon vs. Polybotes? [No inscriptions?]
 * -500 to -450
 * Troilos Painter
 * (no inscription?)
 * Perseus Williams 64.9
 * Side A: Poseidon versus Polybotes?
 * Polybotes
 * ca. 500 BC - ca. 475 BC
 * Attributed to the Troilos Painter
 * Side A: Poseidon vs. Polybotes Side B: komos
 * Theoi