User:Raider000/sandbox

Good day, folks! This is my sandbox page, a space for my experiments on the process of editing Wikipedia. I can use it for this purpose, practicing even creating a new article. It's a safe place as anything I write will remain there before I discover how things work.

NOTE: This page is not and will not be dependent on a non-existent or deleted page.

Brief messsage
This user managing this sandbox had made its own one before, but erroneously moved this page to a draft (supposedly a preferred location for AfC submissions) which was later deleted; in late 2016, this page was deleted under CSD G8 (redirect to a deleted or non-existent page). (See: All public logs; search: User log: Deletion log, Target (title or User:username for user): this page. ) In 2022, the page was recreated after a short discussion for its retrieval. (See this archive for the request message and the repl[ies].)

Sandbox proper
RESERVED

Battle of Agusan Hill
Version 1:

The Battle of Agusan Hill occurred on May 14, 1900 in in Agusan village, in Cagayan. United States Capt. Walter Eliot and 80 men of the 40th United States Regiment surprised 500 revolutionaries, under Capt. Vicente Roa, in a hill in the east. An encounter occurred; more than 30 soldiers, including Roa, were killed. Their rifles and ammunition were captured for the loss of two Americans. -- NOTES: -- Gen. Nicolas Capistrano, leader of the Cagayan de Misamis revolutionaries, waged a war against the Americans in 1900–1901. On April 7, 1900, together with Bukidnon lumads and Moros, he led a surprise attack in the town, but failed with 52 dead, as well as four Americans.
 * 35 soldiers were killed.
 * 39 were killed.

On June 4, Col. Apolinar Velez, fortified the Makahambus Hill, led the revolutionaries in the west in attacking Capt. Thomas Millar's company. They succeeded in the battle with only a Filipino revolutionary and nine American soldiers killed. They captured a prisoner and rifles. -- Version 2:

The Battle of Agusan Hill occurred on May 14, 1900, in Cagayan de Misamis, (or Cagayan), Philippine Islands, when the revolutionaries from the First Company of the Mindanao Battalion led by their commander, Capt. Vicente Roa, were attacked by the 40th Regiment U. S. Volunteer Infantry  under Col. Walter B. Elliot at their positions  on Agusan Hills. The Filipinos were defeated in the encounter suffering deaths of more than 30 soldiers, including Roa. This was their second defeat by the Filipinos in the municipality following the Battle of Cagayan de Misamis. -- 1st Company NOTES: --
 * 34 soldiers died.
 * 38 dead.

- On May 14, 1900, the revolutionaries from the First Company of the Mindanao Battalion, led by Capt. Vicente Roa, encountered the 40th Regiment U. S. Volunteer Infantry on Agusan Hills in eastern Cagayan.

Roa continued to fight as being told that all his men were killed, but he ran out of revolver's ammunition, and later fell—among 34 soldiers died. An American soldier looted one of his medals of honor.

On May 14, 1900, the 1st Company of the US 40th Infantry Regiment under Col. Walter B. Elliot attacked the Filipino's positions, defeating the 1st Company, El Mindanao Battalon, suffering 38 deaths, including their commander, Capt. Vicente Roa y Racines. -

-

- -

- Version 3:

In the morning of May 4, 1900, a team of armed soldiers, probably about 130 in number, led by Capt. Vicente Racines Roa,  the commanding officer of the First Company of the Mindanao Battalion, after doing patrol work along the eastern coast of Misamis, arrived in Agusan  from Bukidnon. Joining his fellow officers, they gathered in the house of Juan Bautista.

The municipal captain (gobernadorcillo) at that time was Catalino Cuerquis, whom Roa told that the latter's team are going to fight the Americans which, in Cagayan, were armed and about 600 in number.

Roa suggested to send a courier and dare the enemy to fight in Agusan at the same day. All quickly agreed. The officer discussed their plan of defense. Captain Roa was to lead his men occupying the first hill overlooking the main road of Agusan, Sgt. Uldarico Akut to lead another assigned in the next hill, while the Macheteros were to hide under the houses. However, on the last minute, Akut's team were told to move to another hill farther to guard the road leading to the Maitom Camp of Gen. Capistrano.

In the morning, Fortunato Yacapin, a messenger, carried Roa's letter to the Americans. Yacapin, living in Agusan, learned Spanish at the school of Nicolas Capistrano. The American-officers, who were accompanied by Spanish volunteers, were Spanish-speaking as well.

Fortunato called his subordinate, Vicente Agapay to take Roa's letter to the Americans. The letter was received in Lico-an where Americans took Vicente to Casa Real (now the City Hall complex), the governor's residence. Americans replied that they will go to Agusan.

Later, the two companies of American soldiers came in Agusan from Lico-an and going near Lapasan, well-armed and had a battleship escort along Macajalar Bay.

The Americans passed Gusa, at Capitan Agapito Yacapin's residence; Yacapin ran to Roa in Agusan.

Americans reached the Cugman river, some of them went to the mountain and others to the sea. The bridge is also high that few enemies were stationed. Thus, Filipinos, unaware of the enemies, were surrounded.

Roa shot immediately after seeing the enemies in the river of Gusa, followed by his group firing at the Americans reaching the area, and they retreated as planned. They were chased on top of the hill. However, the Macheteros failed to come out from the hiding places and attack the Americans, due to lack of leadership and cooperation. The Americans in the seashore and the mountains fired at them. Also, the battleship at the bay bombarded Agusan Hill.

The macheteros (armed with machetes), arrived from Tagoloan, Bubuntugan and Jasaan, did not enter Agusan and ran instead.

Roa's group fought on top of the hill without dugouts nor trenches, hiding behind the cogon grass and bushes. The enemy knew their location through the smoke of guns. They were able to shoot straight because the slopes of the hills were not that steep, however, they lacked ammunition.

Roa's group fought continually until all his men were killed, leaving him severely wounded. Roa refused to surrender despite being surrounded by opponents. He ran out of bullets for his revolver and used his sword till his death.

An American soldier got one of his medals of honor, which was kept as a memento.

At the end of the battle, the soldiers of the first company of the Mindanao battalion, with their leader, Roa, died, with their bodies laid on top of the hill.

Only Dionesio Abas, the bugler, was the sole survivor. He hides with the dead.

In 1931, the remains of Roa's group were interred inside the monument in Divisoria, erected by a fellow revolutionary and then mayor Apolinar Velez, who named it the Cry of Freedom monument. Velez wrote only a simple dedication in Spanish in their memory: El pueblo a sus heroes — in English, From the town to its heroes.

Background
After the 1898 Philippine Revolution, and Spain ceding the archipelago to the United States, on March 30, 1900, Cagayan de Misamis was occupied by the American forces, whose presence caused hostilities among the local residents of the town; three battles followed.

On April 7, revolutionaries/guerilla forces led by Gen. Nicolas Capistrano lost in a battle when they raided the American barracks in the present-day Gaston Park. Capistrano and his men eventually retreated.

Battle
Capt. Vicente Roa y Racines, commanding officer, First Company, Mindanao Battalion, with other officers held a meeting in Juan Bautista's residence. They agreed to send a courier to dare the Americans for an open battle in Agusan, a village about 16 kilometers east of the town. Capt. Walter B. Elliott, the Commanding Officer of "I" Company, 40th Infantry Regiment of US Army Volunteers answered the challenge.

Capt. Roa prepared with his troops of about 500; having 200 rifles and some shotguns.

It was initially planned that the infantry and the cavalry would occupy two hills overlooking a main road to ambush the opponents; the macheteros, armed with bolos and hidden in the houses, would finish them off from behind. The start would be signaled with a bugle sound and three gunshots.

Captain Elliott's company of about 80 men was reinforced with their superior weapons and supported by the warship at Macajalar Bay.

On May 14, 1900, while the company of Capt. Elliott was approaching to its objective, Gen. Capistrano gave last minute order to the cavalry under Sgt. Uldarico Akut to move farther away from the main force, gurarding a road leading to Maitum where Capistrano was based. This significantly affected the frontlines of Roa's troops. When the enemies were sighted by the Filipino guerillas, a bugler and Capt. Roa signaled his men of the start of the the battle. Being disheartened, some of the macheteros, did not participate while others fled. Overmatched troops continued to fight. As they were to be overpowered, Capt. Roa's rifle and revolver bothe ran out of ammunition and later fought with his sword until he was killed. Capt. Roa was beheaded; his medals were taken off by an American soldier.

Casualties
Different statements:
 * The Filipino warriors were defeated with 38 guerillas, including Roa, killed, and 35 rifles captured. American soldiers only suffered 2 dead and 3 wounded.
 * According to the Historical and Cultural Commission (Hisccom) of Cagayan de Oro, the city hall listed 46 members, including Roa, killed in the raid, mostly held the rank of private; a dozen of them macheteros who all fought under the group.

Aftermath
On June 4, Filipino revolutionaries under the then-major Apolinar Velez won in the Battle of Makahambus Hill, when the advancing American soldiers, trying to negotiate the surrender of the group, were forced to retreat. Many Americans died in the offensives in the Filipinos' first victory since the Philippine–American War began in 1899.

It was said that there were indigenous people from Bukidnon who joined in these battles.

Following the battle, the Americans sent the troops from Zamboanga to Cagayan de Misamis as an augmentation force. The guerillas later abandoned their stronghold in Macahambus because of attacks by the US forces.

With the American forces winning most of the battles, and the surrender of key officials, the First Philippine Republic eventually fell in 1901. At that time, the deaths of Gen. Capistrano's troops led him, along with Akut, to surrender in Cagayan de Misamis, as well as other Filipino officers in Sumilao. On July 4, 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt granted general amnesty and pardon to those who were involved in the war.

Gen. Capistrano became an elected member of the Philippine Assembly in 1909, and a senator (1916–1919). Col. Velez became the governor of the then-undivided Misamis (1906–1909). Akut (1912–1916) and Velez (1928–1931) both served as mayor of Cagayan de Misamis.

Accounts
The Filipino resistance to the American occupation in Misamis was narrated in a manuscript by Filomeno Bautista Sr., the former Academic Supervisor of Surigao, Bukidnon, and Misamis, published in 1939.

A 1968 interview of Fortunato Yacapin, an eyewitness to the battle, was included by Catholic priest Francisco Demetrio in his book The Village: The Story of Early Cagayan de Oro.

Battle (2)
On May 14, 1900, two companies of armed American soldiers staged an offensive against the 1st Company of the Mindanao Battalion, under Capt. Vicente Roa y Racines, positioning in a hill in the village of Agusan. During the fighting, the American battleship bombarded the Filipinos from the bay. Being outnumbered, the Filipinos fought; majority of them were killed, was the last. An American snatched a medal from him, reportedly as a memento.

It was said that there were indigenous people from Bukidnon who joined in this battle.

Memorials
In 1931, as ordered by Velez, one of the former resistance leaders and then municipal mayor, the municipal government of Cagayan de Misamis exhumed the remains  of the killed revolutionaries—his former comrades-in-arms —that were buried in Agusan Hill, which were later moved and interred in the monument  that served as a common grave in Plaza Divisoria Velez had led the erection of the monument for them, calling it the Cry of Freedom Monument, where a statue of Andres Bonifacio was placed, and with engraved words: El Pueblo a sus heroes ("from the town to its heroes"). - There are four monuments in Plaza Divisoria in downtown Cagayan de Oro, the area serving as the burial place for those died while fighting the Americans.

One of these, the second to be erected, is solely dedicated to the killed freedom fighters. It only have features including a small door in its back, leading to a chamber where the remains were interred. The marker only have a brief dedication in Spanish inscribed: A pueblo a sus héroes—in English, "[From] the town to its heroes".

Its design is almost similar to the first monument of hero Andres Bonifacio, Grito de Balintawak in Quezon City; and despite the absence of Bonifacio's name, for decades, it had been mistakenly identified being built in his honor, being called Bonifacio and Balintawak. - The Hisccom said the bones belonged to resistance fighters died in the Battle of Agusan Hill. Dr. Antonio Montalván II, an anthropologist and ethnohistorian, however disputed the claim, saying that the monument contains the bones which are "rather unaccounted for as to where they come from," that the idea that the bones belonged to those from the Agusan battle was based on a legend, and that some remains of those who died in two other battles might be included. The accounts in the United States' archives were said gave estimates on the deaths.

The National Historical Commission of the Philippines installed markers acknowledging the three battles. A street in Cagayan de Oro is named after Roa.

There have been proposals in the House of Representatives to declare Filipinos who led the revolution against Spanish and American colonial rule in Mindanao as national heroes, which include Roa, along with Nicolas Capistrano, Apolinar Velez, and Apolinario Pabayo, from the present-day Misamis Oriental. In 2013, brothers Cagayan de Oro 2nd District representative Rufus Rodriguez and Abante Mindanao party-list representative Maximo Rodriguez authored House Bill No. 2508; they cited the urgency of correcting the injustice inflicted on people in the island whose sacrifices went unnoticed in the country's history. In 2022, Rufus Rodriguez filed House Bill No. 1461. -- ''Filipino resistance to the Americans in Misamis began with the bombardment of Cagayan by the American ships and the landing of the American troops; followed by the organization of a Filipino resistance army at Gango under Nicolas Capistrano. A battle occurred in Cagayan, while the Filipino headquarters in Tanculan was removed. Another battle occurred in Macahambus Hill, Filipino troops at Sumilao later surrendered.''

On May 14, 1900, in the Battle of Agusan Hill, Capt. Vicente Roa led the Cagayan revolutionaries in the east in an encounter with the 40th Regiment, U.S. Volunteer lnfantry. With all his men killed, Capt. Roa continued on fighting with his revolver until he ran out of ammunition and he also fell. An American soldier snatched one of his medals of honor. Roa, together with 34 soldiers of the First Company of the Mindanao Battalion, were killed.

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Other battles
After the 1898 Philippine Revolution, and Spain ceding the archipelago to the United States, on March 30, 1900, Cagayan de Misamis was occupied by the American forces; three battles followed.

On April 7, revolutionaries led by Gen. Nicolas Capistrano, raided the American barracks in the Battle of Cagayan de Misamis, which was occurred in the present-day Gaston Park. The forces, however, were outmatched. Capistrano, seeing defeat, ordered his men to retreat.

On May 14, American troops successfully staged an offensive against Mindanao Battalion's 1st Company, under Captain Vicente Roa, positioning in the village of Agusan. According to the Historical and Cultural Commission (Hisccom) of Cagayan de Oro, the city hall listed 46 members, including Roa, killed in the raid, mostly held the rank of private; a dozen of them macheteros who all fought under the group.

On June 4, Filipino revolutionaries under the then-major Apolinar Velez won in the Battle of Makahambus Hill, when the advancing American soldiers, trying to negotiate the surrender of the group, were forced to retreat. Many Americans died in the offensives in the Filipinos' first victory since the Philippine–American War began in 1899.

It was said thet there were indigenous people from Bukidnon who joined in these battles.

Plaza Divisoria in downtown Cagayan de Oro serves as the burial place for those died while fighting the Americans. A monument was erected there, solely dedicated to the killed freedom fighters; inscribed on it are the words: El Pueblo A Sus Héroes ("The Town to its Heroes"). The monument, similar to that of hero Andres Bonifacio, had been mistakenly identified being built in his honor.

It is said that Velez, one of the resistance leaders and then municipal president, ordered the remains of the heroes—his former comrades-in-arms—be exhumed and moved to the monument. There is a small door in the back of the monument, leading to a chamber where the remains were interred.

The Hisccom said the bones belonged to resistance fighters died in the Battle of Agusan Hill. Dr. Antonio Montalván II, an anthropologist and ethnohistorian, however disputed the claim, saying that the monument contains the bones which are "rather unaccounted for as to where they come from," that the idea that the bones belonged to those from the Agusan battle was based on a legend, and that some remains of those who died in two other battles might be included. The accounts in the United States' archives were said gave estimates on the deaths.

The National Historical Commission of the Philippines installed markers acknowledging the three battles. A street in Cagayan de Oro is named after Roa.

Following the Battle of Makahambus Hill, the Americans sent the troops from Zamboanga to Cagayan de Misamis as an augmentation force. The guerillas later abandoned their stronghold in Macahambus because of attacks by the US forces.

With the American forces winning most of the battles, and the surrender of key officials, the First Philippine Republic eventually fell in 1901. At that time, the deaths of Gen. Capistrano's troops led him, along with Uldarico Akut, to surrender in Cagayan de Misamis, as well as other Filipino officers in Sumilao. On July 4, 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt, granted general amnesty and pardon to those who were involved in the war.

Gen. Capistrano became an elected member of the Philippine Assembly in 1909, and a senator (1916–1919). Col. Apolinar Velez became the governor of the then-undivided Misamis (1906–1909). Uldarico Akut (1912–1916) and Velez (1928–1931) both served as mayor of Cagayan de Misamis. - ''Filipino resistance to the Americans in Misamis began with the bombardment of Cagayan by the American ships and the landing of the American troops; followed by the organization of a Filipino resistance army at Gango under Nicolas Capistrano. A battle occurred in Cagayan, while the Filipino headquarters in Tanculan was removed. Another battle occurred in Macahambus Hill, Filipino troops at Sumilao later surrendered.''

The Filipino resistance to the American occupation in Misamis was narrated in a manuscript by Filomeno Bautista Sr., the former Academic Supervisor of Surigao, Bukidnon, and Misamis, published in 1939.

On May 14, 1900, Cap. Vicente Roa led the Cagayan revolutionaries in the east in an encounter with the 40th US Regiment where he was killed, together with 14 soldiers in the Battle of Agusan Hill. In 2013, brothers Cagayan de Oro 2nd District representative Rufus Rodriguez and Abante Mindanao party-list representative Maximo Rodriguez authored House Bill 2508 in the House of Representatives, aiming to declare Filipinos who led the revolution against Spanish and American colonial rule in Mindanao as national heroes, which include Roa, along with Nicolas Capistrano, Apolinar Velez, and Apolinario Pabayo, from the present-day Misamis Oriental. They cited the urgency of correcting the injustice inflicted on people in the island whose sacrifices went unnoticed in the country's history.

In 2022, representative Rufus Rodriguez filed House Bill No. 1461, which proposed to declare as national heroes those who led the revolution against Spain and the United States in Mindanao, which included Roa, along with Nicolas Capistrano, Apolinar Velez, and Apolinario Pabayo from present-day Misamis Oriental.

Misamis
Article: Misamis (province) Status: PLANNING

On May 15, 1901, the United States Philippine Commission enacted Act No. 128, establishing the province of Misamis with Cagayan as its capital.

In 1903, through Act No. 579, the local civil government for the non-Christian tribes other than Moros was established. Later that year, by virtue of Act No. 787, the territory was reduced as part of the province, along with that of Surigao, were transferred to the newly-organized Moro Province. Then, by virtue of Act No. 951, the number of municipalities was reduced from 24 to 10.

NOTE: Iligan was part of Misamis by 1902.

The boundary between Misamis and provinces of Department of Mindanao and Sulu, which was established by Act No. 2711 of 1917, was later changed to present-day ones. In 1921, through Act No. 2968, the northern parts of the special provinces of Bukidnon and Agusan were annexed into the province when the boundary line was adjusted. In 1927, certain sitios in the territory segregated from Bukidnon were organized into four municipal districts (Claveria, Lourdes, Lumbia and Taglimao). On the other hand, through Act No. 3354 of the same year, the first law for the division of Misamis, the portion of Zamboanga was annexed to the newly-created Occidental Misamis, provided that the Governor-General may order such of the affected territories of Zamboanga to the municipal district or districts or barrios belonging to the new province.

Misamis was divided into the new provinces of what was then called Oriental Misamis and Occidental Misamis, with their boundaries established; since as early as 1927 by virtue of Act No. 3354, which was repealed by Act No. 3537, approved in 1929 and eventually became effective at the beginning of 1930.
 * Oriental Misamis consisted of the municipalities of: Balingasag, Cagayan (capital), Gingoog, Initao, Quinoguitan, Salay, Tagoloan, and Talisayan, the island of Camiguin with its municipalities and adjacent small islands, and the municipal districts of Claveria and Lourdes. With part of Act No. 3537 being amended by Act No. 3777 in 1930, the municipal district of Lumbia was included instead of Napaliran.
 * Occidental Misamis comprised the municipalities of Baliangao, Plaridel, Lopez Jaena, Oroquieta, Aloran, Jimenez, Tudela, Clarin, and Misamis. The capital of the province was to be designated by the majority of the local officials in a convention called by the provincial governor.

Edited
Articles recently edited (by September 2022):
 * XXXX in the Philippines (1986, 1994, 2022 )
 * 2022 in the Philippines: With some contents transferred to: (1) Killings of Kian delos Santos, Carl Arnaiz and Reynaldo de Guzman (Other removed parts pending transfer either to this subpage or to specific article.)

Articles edited (by August 2022):
 * XXXX in the Philippines (1983, 1986–87, 1990–91, 1993–96, 1999–2000, 2022 )
 * LGUs, especially municipalities, reportedly renamed pending plebiscites: (1) Alfonso Lista, (2) San Isidro, Davao del Norte, (3) Rodriguez, Rizal
 * 2022 in the Philippines: With some contents transferred to: (1) Ateneo de Manila University shooting, (2) Davao Light and Power Company, (3) 2022 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections, (4) 2022 Philippine general election, (5) Alabel (Other removed parts pending transfer either to this subpage or to specific article.)
 * Kalinga-Apayao

Earlier this 2022:
 * In line with the recently concluded 2022 PHL elections: (1) Sharifa Akeel, (2) Rommel Padilla, (3) Jason Abalos, (4) Manuel Chua, (5) Bagong Lakas ng Nueva Ecija, and (6) Candidates in the 2022 Philippine Senate election. (IP) 2022 Philippine gubernatorial elections
 * 2022 in the Philippines: With some contents transferred to: (1) Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022), (2) Community pantries in the Philippines, (3) P3PWD Party List, (4) Beatrice Gomez, (5) Hidilyn Diaz, (6) Julius Naranjo
 * Nation Broadcasting Corporation and its first radio station, DXYZ.
 * XXXX in the Philippines (1970–71, 1975–76, 1978, 1981–82, 1986–1991, 1993–2003, 2005, 2021, 2022 )
 * Updated List of maritime disasters in the Philippines
 * Nueva Ecija
 * People's Journal
 * Balitang Bayan Numero Uno
 * (IP) List of massacres in the Philippines
 * (IP) Timeline of the communist rebellion in the Philippines
 * (IP) Timeline of the Moro conflict

Table (proposed for this section):

Table used in this section:

In 2021 (complete):
 * (IP, L) List of massacres in the Philippines
 * XXXX in the Philippines (1969, 1971, 1980, '83, 1986-1990, 1992–96, 1998–2001, 2020, 2021)

In 2020 (complete):
 * XXXX in the Philippines (1993–94, 2019–2020)

In 2019 (complete):
 * (IP, L) Timeline of Philippine history, List of massacres in the Philippines
 * XXXX in the Philippines (1968–1971, 1973, '77, 1981, 1986–87, 1994–96, 1998–2001, 2004, 2017–19)
 * Ben Tumbling, Nardong Putik, List of traffic collisions (before 2000), Conrado Balweg, Mayon, List of radio stations in Metro Manila, Datu Odin Sinsuat

In 2018 (complete):
 * (IP, L) Timeline of Philippine history, List of massacres in the Philippines
 * XXXX in the Philippines (1896–97, 1985, 1994, 1996)
 * People's Journal, Pugad Baboy, Ben Tumbling, List of disasters in the Philippines, Binibining Pilipinas 2018, Nardong Putik, List of records of the Philippines
 * Tambayan Philippines/Roster

In 2017 (complete):
 * (IP, L) Timeline of Philippine history, List of massacres in the Philippines
 * XXXX in the Philippines (1896, 1961, '63, 1975–81, 1985, 2005, 2016)
 * Manila Standard, Asiong Salonga, Rogelio Roxas (and its talk page)

In 2016 (complete):
 * (IP, L) Timeline of Philippine history, List of massacres in the Philippines
 * XXXX in the Philippines (1898, 1945, 1951, '54, 1961, '63, 1969–71, '73–'74, '76–'79, 1981–87, '89, 1991–96, 2000–02, '04, '07, 2010, '14, '16)
 * List of radio stations in Central Luzon, List of maritime disasters in the Philippines, Asiong Salonga, Timeline of the People Power Revolution, List of disasters in the Philippines, 1973 Pacific typhoon season, List of international observances

NOTE: Covering Feb. 2016 onwards (as of Sept. 2, 2022 09:00 PST); to be updated. Excluding WP:RFU, as well as this userpage & its subpages, and drafts. IP: In progress; L: To be continued later.

Created

 * 1967 Cavite bus crash (Special messages sent to 4 WP users)

Removed contents from articles pending transfer
These are contents, omitted either by yours truly or by any user, that might not be suitable for certain articles but might be for another.

1995 in the Philippines

 * (June) Maria Victoria Chan, a 12-year-old elementary student, was raped and killed by Larry Mahinay, Rizaldy Celez and Boyet Gonzales in Valenzuela.

2000 in the Philippines

 * January 28 – early February – Widespread floods caused by continuous torrential rains in northeastern Mindanao affects villages in Caraga Region and the provinces of Misamis Oriental, Davao del Norte and Compostela Valley, and leaves at least 17 deaths, thousands homeless, and millions worth of damages in crops and property.
 * February 2 – A Caloocan court convicts three Filipino-Chinese men and a Filipino woman and sentences them to death regarding their involvement in illegal drug trafficking. The suspects were arrested in an entrapment operation in a motel in the city in 1999.

2022 in the Philippines
NOTE: Covering those excluded by edits from mid-2022 to Sept. 15 (as of Sept. 15, 2022 09:00 PST); to be updated. NOT yet included here are those by edits in early 2022, as well as those by edits by a WP user and a non-WP/IP contributor in Aug 28–29 UTC. (All listed remains pending transfer to specific article/s.)

February

 * February 12 – At least 9 people are killed after they were ambushed at Kalumamis Village in Guindulungan, Maguindanao.
 * February 21 – One police personnel dies while two others are confirmed injured when a helicopter of the PNP crashed in Real, Quezon.
 * February 24 – The Manila RTC, rejects the bid of 10 fraternity members implicated in the 2017 death of University of Santo Tomas law student Horacio Castillo III to junk the hazing case against them supposedly due to insufficiency of evidence.

May

 * May 26
 * One person was hurt in an explosion inside a bus in Koronadal City, South Cotabato.
 * The Sandiganbayan denies the plea of the alleged dummies of former Pres. Ferdinand Marcos and his wife Imelda to suspend their trial for an ill-gotten wealth case involving their Eastern Telecommunications Philippines, Inc. (ETPI) shares.

June

 * June 5 – Mount Bulusan is placed on Alert Level 1 after a phreatic or steam-driven eruption was reported at 10:37 a.m. and it lasted for 16 minutes.
 * June 23 – The Sandiganbayan allows former Quezon City councilor and actor Roderick Paulate to present a Commission on Audit (COA) official as witness for his defense involving the graft and falsification of public documents charges filed against him over alleged hiring of bogus employees.
 * June 24 – The Sandiganbayan allows President-elect Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos, Jr., and his family to present defense evidence in their defense in connection with an ill-gotten wealth case filed against them in 1987.
 * June 26 – A ferry sailing between the islands of Bohol and Leyte, carrying 165 passengers is engulfed with fire causing one dead and a missing person.

July

 * July 1 – Former Vice Pres. Robredo launches the Angat Buhay Foundation, a non-government organization which she earlier said aimed to be the largest volunteer network in the Philippines.
 * July 6 – Metro Manila's dengue cases increase at 16 per cent between late May to early June.
 * July 7
 * The Supreme Court (SC) suspends Manila Metropolitan Trial Court Branch 26 Presiding Judge Jorge Emmanuel Lorredo for 30 days for uttering homophobic slurs against 2 of his litigants in court.
 * Pres. Marcos creates a Private Sector Advisory Council composed of several leaders in the business sector "to be attuned" to the problems in the sector.
 * July 9 – At least two are killed in elevator crash in the Burgundy Corporate Tower along Gil Puyat Avenue in Makati.
 * July 21 – The Sandiganbayan junks the motion of detained businesswoman Janet Lim-Napoles to quash her latest graft and malversation cases in connection with the pork barrel scam.

August

 * August 21 – The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) raises the alert status of the Mayon Volcano after observing an increased level of activity.
 * August 22 – Severe Tropical Storm Ma-on (Florita) hits the northern parts of Luzon, three people were reported killed while four others were injured.
 * August 23 – The skeletal remains of the 22-year-old Jovelyn Galleno who was reported missing on Aug. 5, were found in the grassy area of Pulang Lupa in Barangay Santa Lourdes, Puerto Princesa, Palawan.
 * August 25 – The Mandaluyong City Prosecutor's Office publicly releases its decision on June 29, that recommends the indictment of Jose Antonio Sanvicente, the suspect in the June 6 hit-and-run incident involving Christian Joseph Floralde for frustrated homicide instead of frustrated murder.
 * August 26 – Cases of cholera and typhoid have increased in the country during the rainy season.

Table re: Kalinga-Apayao
Article: Kalinga-Apayao Status: DONE

Table re: Isabela
Article: Isabela (province) Status: PLANNING

Table re: Agusan
Article: Agusan (province) Status: PLANNING

Municipalities (1917): Buenavista, Butuan (provincial capital), Cabadbaran, Jabonga, Nasipit, Talacogon.

Municipal districts (1917): [Amparo], Azpitia, Bahbah, Bakingking (or Baquingquing), Balete, Basa, Baylo, Borbon, Bunaguit, Bunawan, Concordia, Corinto, Cuevas, Ebro, Esperanza, Gracia, Guadalupe, Halapitan, Langasian, La Paz, Las Nieves, Libertad, Loreto, Los Arcos, Maasin, Mambalili (or Mambabili), [Manila (Bugabus)], Manpinsahan (or Mampinsahan), Maygatasan, Milagros, Novele, Nuevo Sibagat, Nuevo Trabajo, Patrocinio, Prosperidad, Remedios, Rosario, Sagunto, Salvacion, San Ignacio, San Isidro, San Luis, [San Mateo], [San Vicente], Santa Ines, Santa Josefa, Santo Tomas, Trento, Tudela, Verdu, Veruela, Violanta, Waloe.
 * Organized into the municipality of Esperanza (EO 611, s. 1953): Bakingking, Baylo, Bunaguit, Concordia, Esperanza, Guadalupe, Maasin, Maygatasan, Milagros, Nuevo Sibagat, Nuevo Trabajo, Remedios, San Luis, Santa Ines, Verdu
 * Constituted into the municipality of Bunawan (RA 2517; 1959): Basa, Bunawan, Cuevas, Libertad, Mambili, San Isidro, San Salvacion, Santa Maria, Trento, Tudela; with the villages of San Marcos and San Ignacio
 * Constituted into the municipality of San Francisco (RA 2518; 1959): Alegria, Borbon, Cabanto, Cabawan, Ebro, Novele, Rosario, San Francisco
 * Constituted into the municipality of Prosperidad (RA 2650; 1960): Anibongan, Aspitia, Aurora, Bahbah, La Caridad, Los Arcos, Mapaga, Maug, Prosperidad, Salembuagon, San Salvador, Santa Irena, Sianib; all "in the provincial sub-division of Gibung"
 * Declared as municipalities:
 * Las Nieves (EO 42, s. 1963)
 * La Paz, Loreto, Santa Josefa, Veruela (EO 147, s. 1965)

Later created: Agusan del Norte: Carmen, Kitcharao, Tubay; (post-1967) Magallanes, Remedios T. Romualdez, Santiago; Agusan del Sur: Bayugan, San Francisco, (post-1967) Rosario, Sibagat

Table re: Maguindanao
Article: Maguindanao Status: PLANNING

Table
Article: The Outstanding Young Men of the Philippines (Uncertain) Status: PLANNING

Statistics
'''As of 10-01-2022, 12:01am PST. Edits are ongoing.'''

Other stuff

 * Issue: WP:RS. Find a Grave (Link). (See: link at WP; link 2.)
 * Philippine Headline News Online can't be accessed? By January 29, 2023, during my editing sessions, the PHNO website can't be accessed and it only says either "Error 403–Forbidden" (main page) or "Error 404–Page not found" (specific page); such a surprising thing since it has been used for years. Now, i'm having a trouble visiting the website, as i consider this as a reliable source. The problem remains even after more than a week, so i suggest to visit PHNO through this link, thanks to Wayback Machine.
 * Old articles of the Associated Press can't be accessed? While i am glad to see that the AP News website was redesigned by around June 2023, it seems that old news articles can't be accessed and it only says "PAGE UNAVAILABLE"; another surprising one. For the past months, none of them had been restored; so i suggest for now to find articles from that source at old newspapers via Google News Archive and the likes.
 * All materials from CNN Philippines now a lost media?


 * On userboxes:

Generation?

 * Gen Z:
 * The Collins Dictionary define as "members of the generation of people born between the mid-1990s and mid-2010s".
 * 1997 as starting year: Major news outlets: PBS, The New York Times, The Washington Post (to 2012), CNBC (to 2012), Bruce Tulgan writing for Forbes (saying also: "some define Millennials as being born beginning anywhere from 1978 to 1981"), Time Magazine (to 2012, or Zoomers).
 * 1995 as starting year: News outlets: United Press International (to 2005), Financial Times (to 2010).
 * 1996 as starting year: Management and consulting firms: McKinsey (to 2010).
 * Gen Alpha: Media sources: 2010–24 as per forbes.com and 2011–25 as per theguardian.com.
 * As per usatoday.com: Baby boomers, bet. 1946 & '64; Gen X, 1965/'80; Millennials, 1981/'96; Gen Z, 1997/2012; Gen Alpha, 2012–24.
 * As per www12.statcan.gc.ca: Greatest Gen: before 1928; Interwar Gen: between 1928 & '45; Baby Boomer Gen: 1946/'65; Gen X: 1966/'80; Gen Y (millennials): 1981/'96; Gen Z: 1997/2012; Gen Alpha: 2013/'21.
 * As per mentalfloss.com: Millennials: between 1981 & '96; Gen Z: 1997/2012 or 2010; Gen Alpha: 2010/'25.
 * As per the-future-of-commerce.com: The G.I. Generation, also known as the Greatest Generation, born roughly between 1901 & '27; the Silent Generation, 1928/'45; Baby Boomers, 1946/'64; Generation X, also known as Gen X, 1965/'80; Millennials, also known as Generation Y or Gen Y for short, 1981/'96; Generation Z, also known as Gen Z, 1997/2009; Generation Alpha (born roughly between 2010/'24 or '25.

Plan_8A
In preparation. Article: List of journalists killed in the Philippines. According to NPC pres. Antonio Nieva, a record of 7 journalists were killed in 1984; 8 deaths and a kidnapping in April–July 1985.
 * Enrique "Ike" Lingan, radio commentator and reporter; d. Feb. 4, 1990, Lucena. Shot by a policeman while about to file a complaint in a police station following an altercation in a nightclub. Felipe Navarro was sentenced to 14 y. 8 m. in prison.
 * Fernando Consignado, 50, Radio Veritas correspondent. Death likely related to a land dispute case.
 * Polly Pobeda, commentator of DWTI; d. May 17, 2003. Gunned down while aboard a motorcycle on his way to the station.
 * Jacobo Amatong, editor-in-chief of Mindanao Observer, and Zorro Aguilar, editor of Nandao Today and human rights lawyer; d. 1983, Zamboanga del Norte. Killed by suspected military personnel. Remained unsolved (May 2005).
 * Rafael Cimafranca, reporter at Mindanao Observer; d. 1993, Piñan, Zamboanga del Norte. Killed by a suspected member of a drug syndicate. Remained unsolved (May 2005).
 * Atty. Ferdinand Reyes, editor-in-chief of Press Freedom, lawyer; d. Feb. 2, 1996, Zamboanga del Norte. Shot in his home. Remained unsolved (May 2005).
 * Klein Cantoneros, 34, commentator at DXAA; d. May 4, 2005, Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte. Shot by 3 unidentified men while on his way home; managed to hide for two hours until he was brought to hospital wherein he died about 8 hours later. (as immediately reported)
 * Marlene Esperat, journalist; d. March 25, 2005, Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat. Killed in their home while having dinner.
 * Apolinario "Polly" Pobeda, 37, broadcaster at DWTI-am; d. May 17, 2003, Lucena. Ambushed while on his way to station. The prime suspect, Joven Geron, an alleged leader of a criminal gang whose members believed to be behind the killing, was arrested in San Juan, Batangas in April 2005, yet for another slay case. Another suspected member surrendered thereafter.
 * Arnulfo Villanueva, columnist for communnity periodical Asian Star Express Balita; d. Feb. 28, 2005, Cavite. By May, murder charges were filed by the regional Criminal Investigation and Detection Group against 7 persons involved. Incident was considered as not work-related, but a personal grudge.
 * Nine (for 2004) included in Freedom Forum Journalists Memorial: Elpidio "Ely" Binoya, Radyo Natin; June 17. Romero Binungcal, Remate/Bulgar; Sept. 29. Allan Dizon, The Freeman/Banat; Nov. 27. Rowell Endrinal, DZRC/Bicol Metro News; Feb. 11. Herson Hinolan, Bombo Radyo; Nov. 13. Gene Boyd Lumawag, MindaNews; Nov. 12. Arnnel Manalo, DZRH, Aug. 5. Rogelio Mariano, Radyo Natin-Aksyon Radyo, July 31. Eldy Sablas, DXJR-FM, Oct. 19.
 * Armando Tingoy, radio commentator, security guard; d. Aug. 1985(?) Shot by 3 gunmen as he was about to leave a company where he was also worked as security guard. (as reported)
 * Randolph Sunico, 50, editor of the weekly Philippine Chronicle; d. Sept. 23, 1985, Davao City. Shot by 4 men along a downtown street. (3rd newsmen to be killed in the city)
 * Atty. Claro Chavez, 41, columnist of the daily Philippine Tribune (Cagayan de Oro), lawyer; d. Sept. 26, 1985. Shot by 3 armed men in his house.

W/ list


 * <p style="line-height: 1">Josef Nava, editor-publisher of monthly news magazine Visayan Life Today (Iloilo City), nightly program host at now-defunct DYRP; d. Oct. 30, 1988. Shot by a man while on his way home with his son aboard a pedicab. He had been exposing fictitious loans at the GSIS; had denounced also drug syndicates. Remained unsolved (2004).
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Eddie Suede, program host, and Noel Teneso, 26, cub reporter/trainee, both from DYFM Bombo Radyo; d. July 1, 1985, Iloilo City. Shot by several men in a restaurant. Suede, known for his lampoon-style criticisms and reportedly the target, had been exposing an alleged syndicate in the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS). Police had no leads as no witnesses came out. Remained unsolved (2004).
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Severino Arcones, program anchor at DYFM Bombo Radyo; d. Oct. 17, 1989, Iloilo City. Shot by a man, accompanied by several lookouts, in front of his house. It was alleged that suspects were from the "Sparrow Unit" of the Alex Boncayao Brigade. No witnesses came out; remained unsolved (2004).
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Rolando Ureta, program director of Radio Mindanao Network–DYKR and also evening program host; d. Jan. 3, 2001, Lezo, Aklan. Shot by two motorcycle-riding men while on his way to his parents' house, also aboard a motorcycle. He had been investigating the illegal gambling and drug trafficking in the province. Remained unsolved (2004).
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Willie Vicoy, 45, news photographer for Reuters and, formerly, for United Press International, d. Apr. 25, 1986, Cagayan; & Pete Mabazza, Manila Bulletin correspondent. Along with eight soldiers, died after being shot in a communist guerrilla ambush in Cagayan. The first journalists killed while covering the country's communist insurgency.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Willy Vicoy and Pete Mabasa; d. 1986, Cagayan. Killed when a military convoy was ambushed by New People's Army guerillas.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Leo Palo, Bobby Sagado, Narciso Balani of Davao City; d. 1987, Davao City. Shot in a radio station after opposing an anti-communist vigilante warlord.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Also in 1987: Ramon Noblejas, Leo Enriquez, Manuel Sanchez, Martin Castor, Robert McDonald. Leyte, Cebu, Quezon City.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Rey Katindig, publisher and editor of Northern Sierra Madre Express; d. May 15, 1990, Tumauini, Isabela. Died of heart attack while being mauled by Land Transportation Office traffic enforcers.

<p style="line-height: 1">32 journalists killed 1972–1985. (Asian News & Features report) 11 journalists killed 1987. (CPJ)

<p style="line-height: 1">Articles from Philippine Daily Inquirer: — — —


 * <p style="line-height: 1">Virgilio Pacala, Manila Hotline; d. Mar. 24, 1987, Laguna. Ricardo Ribano, People's Journal; d. June 22, 1988, Quezon. Noli Resurreccion, DZMM; d. Nov. 17, 1988, Laguna. Cesario de Vera, DZEC; d. Nov. 23, 1989, Biñan, Laguna. Joseph Kruegger, Mindoro Weekly Reporter; d. Feb. 6, 1990, Oriental Mindoro. Enrique Ger, _____; d. Feb. 7, 1990, Oriental Mindoro. Nicasio Enciso, Manila Bulletin; d. May 26, 1991, Tagaytay, Cavite. Roberto Berbon, DZMM; d. Dec. 15, 1996, Cavite. Joy Mortel, Mindoro Guardian; d. May 31, 2001, Occidental Mindoro.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Enrique Lingan, Lucena radioman, worked also at Quezon Times; Feb. 4, 1990, Lucena. Shot; policeman jailed.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Sonny Alcantara, Celestron Cable TV & Kokus Newsweekly; d. Aug. 22, 2002, San Pablo, Laguna. Suspect/s at large (Aug. 2004).
 * <p style="line-height: 1">John Villanueva Jr., 53, broadcaster at DZGB-am Legazpi City; former vice mayor of Camalig, Albay; d. Apr. 28, 2003, Legazpi–two NPA recruits were identified by the Army as suspects. Case uncertain if politically-motivated or insurgency-related (Aug. 2004).
 * <p style="line-height: 1">"Polly" Pobeda, DWTI-am Lucena; d. May 17, 2003, Lucena. Suspects, brothers both bodyguards of a city councilor, were arrested and detained.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Noel Villarante, DZJV/The Laguna Score; d. Aug. 19, 2003, Santa Cruz, Laguna. Suspect/s at large (Aug. 2004).
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Nelson Nadura, 42, commentator at DYME Masbate, pres. of the Union of Print and Broadcast Journalists in Masbate, NPA leader; d. Dec. 2, 2003, Masbate. Ambushed.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Ruel Endrinal, broadcaster at DZRC Legazpi; d. Feb. 11, 2004; Legazpi. Had received death threats.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Arnel Manalo, DZRH/Bulgar/Southern Tagalog Public Forum; d. Aug. 5, 2004, Bauan, Batangas. Suspected lone gunman, believed to be a hired killer, was identified; murder "practically solved" by mid-Aug.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Fernando Consignado, 50, Radio Veritas correspondent; d. Aug. 12, 2004, Nagcarlan, Laguna. Shot.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Joy Mortel, reporter of community periodical Mindoro Guardian, d. May 31, 2001, Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro. Shot by unidentified men inside her home. Criminal charges were later filed against suspected New People's Army rebels, as accusations by the police were based on the evidence.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Apolinario "Polly" Pobeda, commentator at DWTI Lucena, d. May 17, 2003. Ambushed by unidentified men while on his way to station aboard his motorcycle. Two of the arrested suspects were bodyguards of a city mayor, who denied involvement. Trial is ongoing (Dec. 2003).
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Noel Villarante, Laguna-based, commentator at DZJV, stringer for (local) periodical Laguna Score; d. Aug. 19, 2003, Santa Cruz, Laguna. Gunned down. It was first reported that his death was due to his criticisms to illegal gambling in the province and of politicians accused of coddling illegal drug traffickers. A suspect, a civilian police agent, was arrested, however, was believed as a "fall guy".
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Joy Militante, newscaster at GMA TV-12 Legazpi City; d. Aug. 20, 1997, Naga City–attacked and stricken with a bamboo wood by an unidentified man in Legazpi City while she was on her way to work from her boarding house; died later in a hospital. Ramon Apuyan was charged with murder before the city's prosecutor's office; however, the case was dismissed sometime in 1998. Remained unsolved by Dec. 2003.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Beverly "Ka Claire Domingo/Ate Claire" Marmol, commentator at Bombo Radyo Legazpi, rebel returnee, former teacher, information officer, asser and agent of the Bicol police; d. Feb. 17, 2001, Legazpi. Gunned down by 3 suspected NPA Sparu members in front of the station, after her regular program. Remained unsolved by Dec. 2003.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">John Villanueva, broadcaster at DZGB Legazpi, former vice mayor; d. Apr. 28, 2003, Camalig, Albay. Shot by two unidentified motorcycle-riding men whole on his way home aboard his motorcycle, after his afternoon program. Police was suspected of being the "supporter" of the communists, who in turn accused an anti-communist group and the military as the perpetrators. Case remained unsolved by Dec.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Nelson V. Nadura, 42, commentator at DYME Masbate City; pres., Union of Print and Broadcast Journalists of Masbate, NPA rebel returnee; d. Dec. 2, 2003, Masbate City, Masbate. Shot by 2 unidentified men while on his way home aboard a motorcycle, shortly after had left the station after his morning program. (as immediately reported)

<p style="line-height: 1">Nadura: 50th as per NUJP; 73rd as per Inquirer records.


 * <p style="line-height: 1">Rey Bancayrin; d. 1998, Zamboanga City. Murdered in the announcer's booth of a radio station.

<p style="line-height: 1">2001: Two (Ureta and Cayona) of four documented by the CPJ were already established as work-related.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Roland Ureta, Aklan radio reporter; d. Jan. 2001.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Candelario Cayona, Zamboanga City d. May 2001. He had reportedly received an on air-threat from an Abu Sayyaf spokesperson.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Mohammad Yusop, religious program host at Islamic Broadcasting Co.–DXID Pagadian City; d. Feb. 23, 2001. Shot by motorcycle-riding gunmen.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Joy Mortel, Mindoro Guardian reporter; d. May 31, 2001, Occidental Mindoro. Shot by two men in her home after an argument.

<p style="line-height: 1">CPJ: 37 reported since 1986–2001.

Outside sources: [1] "Aquino recalls Sandra Burton, offers Mass" Philippine Daily Inquirer. 03-01-2004. [2] 1983 article written by C.P. for the Associated Press: —Daily News, 01-03-1984. —Lakeland Ledger, 12-29-1983. —The Press-Courier, 12-21-1983. —The Tuscaloosa News, 01-03-1984. —Williamson Daily News, 12-24-1983. [R1] Another article by the Associated Press: —The Lewiston Journal, 12-17-1983. —The Day, 12-17-1983. - [CR1] 1985 article written by D.B. for the Associated Press: —Lewiston Journal, 08-06-1985. —Ocala Star-Banner, 08-06-1985. — The Lewiston (Maine) Daily Sun, 08-07-1985. (1) [S1] United Press International report re: Tim Olivarez: —The Bulletin, 03-20-1985. — The Citizen, 03-21-1985. (2/L) Tim Olivarez, 27, correspondent for daily tabloid Tempo; disappeared Feb. 4, 1985, Metro Manila. He was believed to be held and later killed, with the military being implicated. He had wrote stories since Dec. 1984 on an alleged "smuggling lord" in Manila who had also connections with the military. Arrests were made in March. [R2] Another article by the Associated Press: —The Free Lance-Star, 12-21-1985; p. 31. —The Citizen, 12-20-1985; p. B13. ——Schenectady Gazette, 12-20-1985. - [3] "Filipino journalist, Marcos foe, killed after threat in life" Spokane Chronicle. 02-20-1986. [R] The Spokesman-Review. 01-06-1987 (Link 1) (Link 2) - Opinion pieces from the Philippine Daily Inquirer: [O1] Re: Klein Cantoneros: "Killings can destabilize government" 05-20-2005. [O2] Re: Jun Pala: "Outrage over Pala's killings swells" 09-25-2003. [O3] "Stop the killings!" 10-03-2006. [E1] Re: Rowell Endrinal, Isabelo Maghoyo, Eliseo "Ely" Binoya, Rogelio Mariano, Arnel Manalo: "Attack on democracy" 08-10-2004. [E2] Re: Roberto "Robby" Ramos: "Final solution" 11-22-2005. - Other pieces from PDI: 12-17-04 03-27-02 01-02-07 05-25-06 09-13-03 08-10-04 05-06-03 08-11-04

Plan_8b
-
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Frank Mararac, radio commentator for an affiliate of DZXL; d. July 10, 1990, Lingayen, Pangasinan. With his son, while riding a pedicab on way home, was ambushed by three unidentified gunmen. Known for his commentaries about irregularities in the local government.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Jean Ladringan, 43, local newspaper publisher; d. July 8, 1990, General Santos. With her husband, killed in a robbery. (3rd in the city since 1983)
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Edgar Damalerio, broadcaster; d. May 13, [2002]. PO1 Guillermo Wapile, Pagadian-based intelligence officer, gunman, was jailed but escaped from prison Jan. 27, 2003. The court then archived the case, as his family and two witnesses were removed from the Witness Protection Program.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Joselito Paloma, 41, editor & publisher of the weekly Surigao Star; president of a college in Mindanao, former provincial press club president; d. Aug. 20, 1985, Surigao City. Shot, later found in his car in a highway. Newspaper was reported being critical of the government. (as reported) (11th in 1985 as per NPC)
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Kenneth Lee, Depthnews; d. Jolo, Sulu, sometime in 1979. Parts of his mutilated body were found in various places.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Porfirio Doctor, editor-publisher of Nationalist Guardian; d. Dec. 28, 1982, Zamboanga City. Gunned down. Newspaper wes noted for its exposes on illegal practices of prominent businessmen.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Jacobo Amatong, Mindanao Observer, d. Sept. 23, 1984, Dipolog City.

<p style="line-height: 1">27 killed since 1979 (as of Sep. 1985) - -
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Randolf Sunico, 50, editor of weekly Southern Philippines Chronicle; d. Sept. 23(?), 1985 in Davao City. Shot by 3 unidentified gunmen while returning from an opposition rally. (as reported) (12th in 1985, 3rd in the city; 24th since [when?])
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Pete Mabasa, Manila Bulletin correspondent; d. Apr. 24, 1985, Cagayan. Killed along with six others when communist rebels ambushed a military convoy. Believed to be the 1st journalist killed while covering the (since 1969) communist insurgency. (as reported)
 * <p style="line-height: 1">(Willie Vicoy, 45, veteran photographer for Reuters and, formerly, for United Press International.) (then critically wounded; as reported)
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Philip Agustin, 54, publisher-editor of the newsweekly Starline Times Recorder; d. May 10, 2005, Dingalan, Aurora. Shot dead inside his daughter's house. There were three suspects, one of them arrested; also included a municipal government employee. He had exposed in the paper's special edition the alleged anomalies committed by the town mayor.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">George Benaojan, 27, reporter for DYDD Talisay, Cebu, columnist of Bantay Balita; d. Dec. 1, 2005, Cebu. Shot by a gunman. (as reported via condemnation)
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Ruel Endrinal, program host and commentator at DZRC Legazpi, publisher of regional periodical Bicol Metro News, former president of Prensa-Bicol; d. Feb. 11, 2004, Legazpi City. Shot while heading to work at the station. He had been receiving death threats as being critical to local politicians and criminal gangs. (as reported)
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Roberto "Robby" Ramos, 39, reporter and columnist of provincial weekly Katapat News (Cavite); d. Nov. 20, 2005, Cabuyao, Laguna. Killed by 2 motorcycle-riding men on a street. It was believed due to a raid on stores of pirated compact discs. He had received death threats following columns on illegal gambling and prostitution in the province. (as reported)
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Ricardo Uy, broadcaster; d. Nov. 18, 2005, Sorsogon City. Shot by a gunman in front of his house.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Edgar Damalerio, radio commentator; d. May 13, 2002, Pagadian City. Attacked attacked near the police station while on his way home from a press conference. Former policeman Guillermo Wapile, tagged as the gunman, was taken into police custody but disappeared in February 2003, two days before a warrant of arrest was issued. Six months later, his wife, child, & 2 witnesses, were removed from local Witness Protection Program. (CMFR records: 35th since 1986; 52nd since 1961; 3rd in the city since 1999)
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Journalists killed in 2006 before P. Agustin: Edgar Amoro (Feb. 2, Pagadian City); Arnulfo Villanueva (Feb. 28, Naic, Cavite); Romeo Sanchez (Mar. 9, Baguio); Marlene Esperat (Mar. 24, Tacurong City); Klein Cantoneros (May 4, Pagadian City)
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Philip "Apê" Agustin, 54 (b. May 1, 1951), publisher-editor of regional newsweekly Starline Times Recorder (Dingalan, Aurora; also has an office in Isabela); d. May 10, 2005, Dingalan, Aurora. Died minutes later in a municipal hospital minutes after being shot by 1 of 2 unidentified assailants in her daughter's house. He had then distributing copies of his newsweekly's special edition on the alleged slow rehabilitation of calamity-hit Dingalan. (as reported)
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Fernando Consignado, Radyo Veritas correspondent; d. Aug. 12, 2004, Nagcarlan, Laguna. Shot dead inside in his house. He had reported on anomalies on government projects in the town.
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Edgar Damalerio, Pagadian-based radio commentator. Alleged killer, PO1 Guillermo Wapile bolted the local jail in 2002.

<p style="line-height: 1">PNP count < NUJP count -
 * <p style="line-height: 1">Romeo Binungcal, 43, news correspondent of Remate and, formerly, Bulgar tabloids, former editor of the local periodical Mt. Samat Forum; former commercial photographer, former manager of a local massage parlor; d. Sept. 29, 2004, Pilar, Bataan. Died on the spot after being shot by a lone gunman while on his way home aboard his motorcycle. (as reported)

Plan 9
Time: Starting late November 2018. Location: Philippines. Cause: Methanol-laced lambanog (arrack). Deaths: 9 in Calamba, Laguna and 4 in Quezon City.

The Luzon lambanog deaths started to occur in late November 2018 in separate places in the Philippines after drinking arrack (locally known in the Philippines as lambanog) in separate places in the Philippines.

Poisoning. The case started on November 29 when the residents from Calamba, Laguna drank the lambanog (locally known for arrack) and begin to symptoms such as stomach cramps, resulting in bringing them to the hospital; they subsequently died thereafter. Person who consumed lambanog experienced other symptoms such as nausea, chest pains, and blurry vision. Meanwhile, another four person, who were tricycle drivers, were reported to have died after they consumed arrack and thirteen others were hospitalized in Quezon City.

(Temporary)
Batul was with RGMA Super Radyo and DYPR of Palawan Broadcasting Corporation. In his career on radio, he was a critic of the administration of then Puerto Princesa city mayor Edward Hagedorn. A popular, hard-hitting broadcaster and radio commentator, he tackled various issues, mainly corruption. His criticisms, even an interview, earned him the ire of government and military officials, among others.

Batul was the vice mayor of the city, with his term unfinished as his rival Lucilo Bayron won an electoral protest in 2003.

Calendar guide
Perpetual calendar formula. Retr. 11222023.
 * Ted's World
 * Archimedes Lab Project
 * Calendarios Perpetuos, Portugues
 * Mathematical Association of America
 * MATH-Inic
 * (Link)
 * (PDF link)
 * (Link?)
 * (Link?)
 * (Link?)
 * (Link?)
 * (Link?)

TC2

 * Partido Demokratiko Pilipino–Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban)
 * conservative bloc
 * progressive bloc
 * Lakas ng Bansa (new party)
 * Partido ng Bayan (PnB) (new party)
 * KBL
 * Partido Nacionalista ng Pilipinas (PNP), formed on Mar. 15, 1986
 * NP–Roy Wing, reorganized: NP–Cayetano Wing, proclaimed on Aug. 19, 1986.

(Feb. to May 1987)

Under planning
Major political parties were formed at the final years of Marcos administration.
 * United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO), formed in 1982
 * Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL), formed in 1978
 * PDP–Laban, formed in 1983

In the 1984 legislative elections, The Liberal Party split into two factions: one, led by former senator Jovito Salonga, who held the boycott; another, led by former senator Eva Estrada Kalaw, decided to participate.

The LP Salonga wing and PDP–Laban were became part of Laban ng Bayan in 1985 which was then allied with UNIDO to form a coalition, UNIDO–LABAN, in line with the 1986 presidential election. In 1987, then vice president Salvador Laurel headed a separate faction from UNIDO, which then composing the LP Kalaw wing, hence a faction with the Nacionalista Party (NP).

Meanwhile, KBL was divided into factions, including:
 * NP–Roy wing in 1981. NP members absorbed into KBL became part of a faction led by former Senate President Jose Roy to serve as Marcos' "loyal opposition". Former defense minister Juan Ponce Enrile took over the faction in 1987.
 * A faction known as the Partido Nasyonalistang Pilipinas, formed in 1986, led by former Marcos labor minister Blas Ople.

Presidential brother Peping Cojuangco led the turncoats from the KBL and pro-Aquino faction of UNIDO, which formed Lakas ng Bansa (1987–88).

Under planning
Day 4: (2: Mexico*) (4: Rappler) (5: PNA) (6: SET*) (7: NDI)  {.....}(8: ELib USA tag*){.....}(9: JSTOR) (10: SC E-Library*)  (12: JSTOR) (13: DataTalk '16*){.....}(14: ABS-CBN '22*){...}(15: Sage*)

Elections held during the presidency of Corazon Aquino were:
 * Ratification of the Constitution in a plebiscite held, February 2, 1987.
 * Elections for the newly-restored Congress, May 11, 1987.
 * Local election, January 18, 1988.
 * Barangay election, March 28, 1989.
 * First general elections under the 1987 Constitution, May 11, 1992.

Day 3:

(PDF) (3: JSTOR) (4: CR) (8: SETph*) (10: OGph) (11: LP tag) (13: AI*)

The Commission on Elections reported that 149 people were killed in the 1988 local elections, compared to 150 in the 1986 presidential elections and 87 in the 1987 legislative polls.

<!---In the January 18, 1988 local election, more than 150,000 candidates are competing for local government offices. The Commission on Elections estimated the number of positions at stake, between 14,000–16,000.

Among the candidates reportedly were political families; also the mother of a right-wing warlord and a popular folk singer. In Cagayan, Rodolfo Aguinaldo, a renegade Army colonel who quit the armed forces after endorsing a coup attempt in August 1987, appeared the leading gubernatorial candidate. One of his opponents complained to Comelec on his intimidation during the campaign.

While almost every candidate claims to be a supporter of the President Corazon Aquino, at the time, she endorsed only few contenders and campaigned mainly to Metro Manila.

Candidates endorsed by the main political party in her ruling coalition were predicted to win about three-quarters of all the seats; meanwhile, some of them were right-wing warlords with questionable loyalty to the government.

In the provinces, rivalries between power blocs have resulted in election-related violence.

As of late January 12, at least 68 were killed, including as many as 34 candidates. Among them were a pro-government mayoral candidate who was slain in Nueva Vizcaya and an opposition mayoral candidate who was gunned down during her public address at a campaign rally on Leyte island. (Three candidates and one other were killed, January 14.) The death toll surpassed 55 from a coup attempt on August 28, 1987.

In addition, 24 candidates have been kidnaped, presumably by communist guerrillas who hold them briefly while extracting concessions or promising support in exchange for favors. Fifteen of the them were later freed.

At least a candidate has committed suicide.

For these violence, The Philippine Star publisher and columnist Max Soliven, described the election campaign as "a survival course" because the last surviving candidate surviving on the election day "is the one most likely to win."

The Comelec postponed the elections in 10 of the 73 provinces, and took over direct supervision of that in 30 towns and districts identified as "hot spots."

Nevertheless, officials insist that this campaign is relatively peaceful, at least when compared to previous elections. The armed forces reported 104 deaths in 1987 legislative elections, 141 in the 1986 presidential election, and 154 during the campaign for the parliamentary in 1984.

The New People's Army, whose rebel forces was reportedly active in three-fourths of the country's provinces, perpetrated guerrilla attacks including murdering right-wing candidates; some candidates were reportedly paying ₱10,000 (about US$500) each for their protection.--->

By virtue of Republic Act No. 6636, signed on November 6, 1987, from November 9, 1987, the local elections was reset to January 18, 1988.

<!---President Aquino hoped that the election would usher in a new political order in the country. Her "people power" coalition struck political alliances with candidates who are philosophically opposed to her, in an effort to expand her control over regions controlled either by the radical left or right.

The election was held in January 1988, in 62 of 73 provinces; those in others were rescheduled due to concerns on peace and order.

The Commission on Elections reported that about 80% of the 27 million eligible voters cast ballots.

Many of the 103,000 precincts are in remote parts, thus early results were unavailable. Reportedly, there were no independent poll-watcher groups performing "quick counts". Nevertheless, unofficial returns showed that candidates of the administration's "people power" coalition were leading in contests for seven governorships and six mayoral offices.

Early returns showed some gubernatorial and mayoral candidates endorsed by President Aquino leading. However, in many places where Aquino personally campaigned for local candidates, several of them were losing to veteran politicians.

Old-time politicians in key areas in Metro Manila and the rural provinces were leading, indicating a return to traditional, patronage politics. Candidates were supported both by political leaders who have broken from Aquino's ruling coalition and by the country's right-wing opposition, some even have an ongoing graft case. In several provinces in the north where former President Ferdinand Marcos still enjoys considerable support, candidates still loyal to him were leading.

In Quezon City, Mila Aquino–Albert, the president's sister-in-law, along with at least three other mayoral candidates in Metro Manila suburbs handpicked by the president, were losing. Same as her nephew, Vic Sumulong, a candidate for governor of Rizal. However, her choice for Manila, Mel Lopez, was leading.

Candidates close to Marcos were leading in northern Luzon. Constabulary colonel Rodolfo Aguinaldo, who was implicated in the August 1987 coup attempt and left the police thereafter, was leading the race for governor of Cagayan.

In Ilocos Norte, home province of former President Ferdinand Marcos, former Laoag mayor Rodolfo Fariñas, a Marcos supporter and a gubernatorial candidate, was leading over Manuela Ablan, whose son, Rep. Roque Ablan Jr., was another Marcos supporter. Meanwhile, Rolando Abadilla, another Marcos loyalist yet endorsed by the administration, a former army colonel who had been in military custody in Manila for his role in January 1987 coup attempt, was leading for vice governor.

Since the beginning of campaign period on December 1, 1987, at least 87 people were killed, 39 of them candidates; the armed forces blamed most of these on New People's Army guerrillas.

Local elections were marred by violence. The military recorded more than 20 violent incidents on election day, including ballot box snatchings, one where an election officer was shot dead in Bacolod, as well as attacks of polling places and voter harassment. At least nine soldiers were reported killed in three separate clashes with Communist rebels. While Chief of Staff Fidel Ramos condemning the violence, he added that the death toll nationwide was "really very, very low" compared to 905 in 1971 elections and 130 in 1980.

The reduction seemed to stem from a change of tactics by the Communist insurgents which, for the first time in their war against the government since 1969, effectively used the elections to raise money for arms purchases abroad and consolidated local power bases through kidnappings and selective support for hundreds of candidates, as stated by military and rebel sources.

Ramos, in a statement during the election, said the Communist Party of the Philippines–New People's Army viewed the elections as an opportunity to build toward an attempt to seize presidential power in 1992, the end of Aquino's term.

Guerilla leaders, in separate interviews, confirmed Ramos' accusations of charging candidates to permitted them to campaign in guerrilla zones. They had amassed money from candidates seeking protection, ranging from more than $150,000 in Bicol Region alone, to an estimated more than $2 million nationwide, the money would be spent on arms for their members.--->

(Philippines Free Press Online) (JSTOR 1) (JSTOR 2) (ResearchGate)

(Vera Files)

Day 2:

(Official Gazette, tag)

For finalization
The 1980 local elections was the last to be held under the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos which was ended following the 1986 revolution; thereafter, the government under Corazon Aquino replaced local elective officials by appointed officers-in-charge (OICs). - Prior to the 1986 revolution, Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL), led by then President Ferdinand Marcos, was the ruling party then. It dominated two-thirds of the Batasang Pambansa, as well almost monopolized local elective positions nationwide.

KBL, along with the opposition's United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO)–Laban ng Bayan coalition, mainly contested the 1986 special presidential election, with leftist forces under BAYAN held the boycott. Parties not aligned into these groups, the LP-Kalaw Wing and Social Democratic Party, unsuccessfully fielded their candidates.

With Marcos administration ended and as a result of the replacement of local elective officials by the government, KBL disintegrated rapidly, eventually reducing to a minor party. Its members remained, some either joined:
 * Partido Nacionalista ng Pilipinas (PNP), formed on March 15, composed of KBL reformists and led by Blas Ople.
 * NP–Cayetano Wing, proclaimed on August 19. Rafael Palmares, successor of the late former Senator Jose Roy as the leader of the NP–Roy Wing, had reorganized the Nacionalista Party with Renato Cayetano of KBL as the secretary general.

For the parties under the ruling coalition, UNIDO had difficulty maintaining strength; while PDP–Laban, in contrast, grew rapidly. The latter divided into two blocs, the progressives led by Aquilino Pimentel Jr., and the conservatives led by Jose Cojuangco Jr.

Lakas ng Bansa, a pro-Aquino movement, was launched on November 10. It eventually became a political party prior to the legislative elections of May 1987; recruited members later abandoned their membership in the former various parties. While some PDP–Laban members were transfered, Cojuangco remained as its chairman; Pimentel of the party's progressive bloc, as well as top officials of UNIDO, did not join the group. Same as the Liberal Party (LP)–Salonga Wing (Jovito Salonga) and National Union of Christian Democrats (NUCD) which were revitalized upon arrival of Raul Manglapus from exile and remained in relatively low profile despite increase of their strength.

The Mindanao Alliance, led by former Misamis Oriental governor Homobono Adaza, and Christian–Social Democratic Party (CSDP), led by Francisco Tatad, eventually left the ruling coalition to join the opposition, along with the LP–Kalaw Wing (Eva Kalaw).

Partido ng Bayan (PnB), a legal party of leftist forces, was proclaimed on August 30.

By the time of the February 1987 constitutional plebiscite, realignment of political parties reflected with their preferences during the campaign. For opposition parties, however, PNP, whose leaders were members of the Constitutional Commission, campaigned for the constitution, while PnB preferred the deferment of the ratification. Nevertheless, the constitution was ratified.

In the legislative elections on May 11, four major groups of political parties emerged:
 * Lakas ng Bayan (ruling coalition): Lakas ng Bansa, PDP–Laban, UNIDO, the LP–Salonga Wing, & NUCD; supported by BANDILA.
 * Grand Alliance for Democracy (GAD; opposition): NP–Cayetano Wing, PNP, Mindanao Alliance, the LP-Kalaw Wing, CSDP, a segment of KBL, & Muslim Federal Party.
 * Union for Peace and Progress–Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (UPP–KBL): composed mainly of those KBL members still closely identified with former President Marcos.
 * Alliance for New Politics: leftist forces, including PnB and BAYAN.

The ruling coalition won the majority of legislative seats; GAD won a few. The rest, including independents, composed those remaining in the lower house.

Shortly after a coup attempt in August, vice president Salvador Laurel, head of UNIDO, left Aquino and attempted to form an opposition group, leading to the revival of the old NP, the NP–Enrile Wing with Juan Ponce Enrile as its titular head, which was joined by former NP politicians who were under KBL, resulting to KBL only composed of Marcos loyalists. On the other hand, UNIDO, constituting the NP–Laurel Wing, opposed the move of Laurel and remained in the ruling coalition, leading to a reconciliation between Aquino and Laurel in December, at the beginning of the campaign period of the local elections.

As the local elections approached, other political parties tried to expand and to consolidate their organizations. The LP–Salonga Wing, which expanded most visibly as BANDILA joined with them, and UNIDO, fielded their candidates. Another two major parties under the ruling coalition, PDP–Laban headed by Cojuangco, and Lakas ng Bansa headed by Paul Aquino in acting capacity, formed a tactical alliance to field common candidates to be proclaimed by the president; PDP–Laban's Pimentel's bloc, however, did not follow such alliance. - Results show major victory among the ruling coalition, particularly Lakas ng Bansa and PDP–Laban, both had affiliated governorships increased while that of United Nationalist Democratic Organization otherwise; except for Ilocos and Cagayan Valley regions which were dominated by opposition and independent candidates. Fifty-four elected governors were from this coalition. On the other hand, the opposition, particularly KBL, had results remained insignificant.

In the 1988 local elections, a total of 150,000 candidates competed for 15,946 local seats that included provincial governorship, city and municipal mayoralty, and membership in the legislative assemblies in provincial, city and municipal levels; 80% of 20.5 million registered voters participated.

Political parties declared "open zones" in which members supported candidates, either independent or from another party. Commission on Elections (COMELEC) recorded that 60% of the seats were won by pro-administration candidates.

It was observed that the traditional nature of politics in the country was reinforced. Candidates with familiar names were elected in the urban areas, as voters in the rural areas supported their relatives and friends.

The alliance between the PDP–Laban and the Lakas ng Bansa produced a common ticket in 53 provinces. It preceded the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino which was organized later that year as a merger of those supporting the Aquino administration. Its membership in the lower house grew prior to the 1992 elections.

2nd version
The 1988 local elections was the first such elections and the second national elections under the new Constitution; the third electoral exercise in 11 months.

On May 11, 1987, the first national, legislative elections was held under the new constitution which was ratified in a plebiscite on February 2.

The Commission on Elections said thee were some 150,000 candidates seeking for a total of 16,454 local positions, Local officials including provincial governors and vice governors, city and municipal mayors and vice mayors, and members of the provincial board, city and municipal councils; positions consisted of 60 city mayors, 75 provincial governors, 1,548 municipal mayors, about 14,000 provincial members, vice mayors, and councilors nationwide.

Prior to the elections, the Liberal Party (LP) and UNIDO split up from the ruling coalition. Contest in several areas was between LP and Lakas ng Bansa–Partido Demokratiko Pilipino Lakas ng Bayan coalition. Opposition parties Kilusang Bagong Lipunan and Nacionalista Party were unable to endorse candidates as most of their members are endorsed by the administration. The administration was led by presidential relatives: Lakas ng Bayan by Paul Aquino, her brother-in-law, and Emigdio Tanjuatco, her cousin; PDP–Laban by her brother Jose Cojuangco Jr. On the other hand, the LP, while most of its leaders and members had been adopted by other administration parties, regained its strength after the Marcos presidency; refusing to be part of common administration ticket, endorsed its own candidates.

The election saw for the first time movie stars, television personalities, and newsmen became interested to these positions.

The COMELEC, for the first time, implemented campaign rules, whose violations resulted to several disqualification proceedings.

To give the opposition a fair chance, the president required the OICs to resign 45 days prior to the local elections.

Of 27.641,982 million registered voters in 103,504 polling precincts nationwide, some 23 million were expected to vote on the election day. In Metro Manila, 4,595,267 registered voters in 16,631 (or 16,681 or 16,391) precincts. The election was held 7 a.m.–4 p.m.

Cities outside Metro Manila can vote for provincial offices, except: Angeles, Bacolod, Baguio, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu City, Dagupan, Davao City, Iligan, Iloilo City, Naga, Olongapo, Ormoc, San Carlos, Zamboanga City.

COMELEC put at least 39 places under their control, citing political tensions: provinces (18) of Sultan Kudarat, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Abra, Quezon, Ilocos Sur, Kalinga-Apayao, Masbate, Sorsogon, Samar, Northern Samar, North Cotabato, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi; districts (2) including the 2nd district of Cebu, the 5th district of Iloilo; cities (10) of Caloocan, Olongapo, Danao, Iligan, Marawi, Cotabato City, Pasay, Cavite City, Trece Martires, Tagaytay; municipalities (9) of Santo Tomas, Pangasinan, Magallanes, Cavite, Caluya, Antique, Balaoan, La Union, Santo Tomas, La Union, Parañaque, Makati, Pandi, Bulacan, Kumalarang, Zamboanga del Sur.

Reasons included presence of armed men; terrorism, fraud, harassment; intense political rivalry and participation of insurgents; as well as violent incidents; and kidnapping.

Voting in 14 places were deferred citing concerns on peace and order: Abra, Quezon, Ilocos Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Northern Samar, Ifugao, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi; Iligan, Marawi, Cotabato City.

The COMELEC reset that in Leyte to February 1. Tension built up in the province following the postponement and disqualification of a Lakas ng Bansa gubernatorial candidate.

Prior to the elections, the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Integrated National Police were deputized to assist the COMELEC in election duties.

Since January 16, all military and police units had been on red alert in relation to the election. The AFP ordered all service commands in Metro Manila for possible attacks following reports of destabilization attempts to be launched by Marcos loyalists.

On election day, COMELEC deployed some 17,000 Citizens Military Training cadets for poll duties in all urban areas in the country, including some 6,500 in Metro Manila.

Running political dynasties were observed at least in Olongapo and in Cagayan where warlords were the candidates as well.

In Western Visayas, the Regional Unified Command reported 23 election-related incidents prior to the elections, with 9 deaths, 4 wounded, 3 missing. Most of which were in Capiz with 6 incidents and 3 deaths. The region, being the free zone, had many of the candidates were associated with former president Ferdinand Marcos. Meanwhile, New People's Army reportedly asked ₱10,000 for each candidate to permit them to campaign in NPA-controlled areas.

In Cagayan, among the candidates was gubernatorial candidate Rodolfo Aguinaldo, a former military intelligence officer and provincial commander who later resigned following the Aug. 27, 1987 coup attempt. No violent incidents were reported in the province. Vote buying was reported in Tuguegarao.

The COMELEC granted a one-day extension of the campaign.

The military allowed former Col. Rolando Abadilla to vote in his precinct in Batac, Ilocos Norte while being under military detention; but denied the request of Col. Orlando Dulay to vote in his hometown in Isabela as his detention was ordered by the Supreme Court.

In Ilocos Norte, there were no election-related violence amid intense rivalry. Soldiers were fielded on January 16.

There were reported shootings in Makati and Plaridel; bombings in Olongapo.

-

''The first local elections held after 7 years, as well under the new Constitution. The campaign started on December 1. Between 85%–90% of 27 million voters participated to elect 16,000 local officials.''

Known political warlords formerly associated with the Marcos regime began to became part of the Corazon Aquino government since OIC appointments in 1986. They were among those endorsed by the administration in the 1988 elections. Marcos loyalist politicians were installed in the the legislature following the 1987 elections.

Results show that administration candidates were leading in majority of Metro Manila, as well as some politicians replaced in 1986, most were guest candidates of the PDP–LP–Lakas ng Bansa ruling coalition. In Ilocos Norte, home province of former president Ferdinand Marcos, candidates identified with Marcos were leading in top provincial posts. Final official results from the provinces were expected until the following week.

The Commission on Elections, reacting to reports on cessation or postponement of counting of election returns in five Metro Manila suburbs, ordered all boards of canvassers a continuous count.

Poll-related incidents were reported nationwide, including vote buying, flying voters, harassment, terrorism, ballot switching, snatching of election paraphernalia, absence of polling booths, disobedience of assigned teachers, and even the low-quality indelible ink, as well as "open balloting" especially in Western Visayas. There were reports also of presence of armed men, shooting, and ballot stuffing, as well as missing ballot boxes, electioneering, and barring of poll watchers, in some precincts in Metro Manila.

COMELEC received protests prior to the end of voting time at 4 p.m. During the campaign period, COMELEC received a total of 14 complaints against local candidates, which included overspending and oversized billboards, while 20 others were dismissed.

In Quezon and Leyte, voting continued in a number of remote barangays despite the postponement, whose order came late. The COMELEC postponed the elections in Leyte to Feb. 1, with political tensions and rebel activities as reasons. It was questioned by residents and the Liberal Party, citing normal peace and order situation. Meanwhile, the COMELEC decided to move the elections in Quezon from Feb. 8 to Jan. 25 upon the request of the political parties and candidates.

Nineteen more were killed a day before and on the election day; most incidents were perpetrated by communist rebels.

Two incidents occurred during political rallies of PDP–Laban gubernatorial candidates. In Labo, Camarines Norte, OIC governor Roy Padilla was shot. In Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, 29, including a candidate for provincial board member, were wounded in a grenade explosion while OIC governor Noli Santos escaped unhurt.
 * Nine military personnel were ambushed by New People's Army rebels in Kalinga-Apayao while on their way to Lubuagan from Tabuk.
 * In Sison, Surigao del Norte, an explosion inside an Iglesia ni Cristo compound killed three.
 * Three soldiers and an NPA rebel were killed in a gunfight when the military rescued five people kidnaped by NPA rebels in Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte.
 * Assassinations were also reported in Arayat, allegedly by NPA rebels, in Belison and Toboso.
 * Rebel attacks were also reported in Bantay, Monkayo, Surigao City and Davao Oriental; shooting incidents in Makati, Mandaluyong, Tanza, Daraga, Goa. Abductions in Calinog; prison break in Antique. Explosions in Indang and Bacolod.

On election day, AFP revealed through military intelligence documents that some 157 candidates were supported by the CPP–NPA. Its CAPCOM (Capital Regional Command) received reports on eight election related incidents in Metro Manila. Nevertheless, The PC-INP stated that the elections were generally peaceful.

Some 10,000 voters in three barangays in Quezon City were reportedly casted ballots in an open space.

Peaceful election was observed in San Juan. There were apprehensions in Pampanga and Tarlac due to firearms ban.

Makati were among those placed under COMELEC control.

-

Within a 45-day campaign period which ended on January 16, there were 81 fatalities, 32 of them candidates; 51 people were wounded; 17 others kidnaped. (27-M voters troop to polls today amid fears of violence, Arnold Atadero; Facts & figures; pp. 1, 8) (The blind cast their vote, too, Lynette Ordoñez; pp. 1, 8)

There were 91 reported incidents; 66 killed, 31 of them candidates. (Many 'firsts' will be recorded in today's polls, Lolita Rivera; p. 2)

89 deaths in election-related violence; 40 were blamed on the NPA Sparrow Unit. (Solarz brushes off intervention by US; p. 2)

Since Dec. 1 (the start of campaign; and with addition of 19 persons killed—including a candidate—and 38 wounded in several violent incidents on Jan. 17–18), 95 were killed, some 33 were kidnaped, 18 of them were released until the election day. (Bet, 18 others slain on D-Day, Antero Soriano; pp. 1, 8)

Out of 86 election-related deaths as of that morning, 38 were candidates for local posts. The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) attributed these to the intervention of the NPA rebels in the electoral process. The Philippine Constabulary placed the fatalities in election-related incidents at 95. (CPP–NPA growth feared after polls; p. 2)

User's guide on time zones
Breaks:
 * Transition to new year: 1223.2200–0108.0200 PST

Holidays
Regular holidays, 2024 Special non-working holidays, 2024 Special working days, 2024 Islamic holidays (tentative dates) Observances Seasons (S1) (S2)
 * Jan 1: New Year's Day
 * Mar 28: Maundy Thursday
 * Mar 29: Good Friday
 * Apr 9: The Day of Valor
 * May 1: Labor Day
 * Jun 12: Independence Day
 * Aug 26: National Heroes Day
 * Nov 30: Bonifacio Day
 * Dec 25: Christmas Day
 * Dec 30: Rizal Day
 * Feb 10: Lunar New Year's Day
 * Mar 30: Black Saturday
 * Aug 21: Ninoy Aquino Day
 * Nov 1: All Saints' Day
 * Nov 2: All Souls' Day
 * Dec 8: Feast of the Immaculate Conception
 * Dec 24: Christmas Eve
 * Dec 31: New Year's Eve
 * Jan 23: First Philippine Republic day
 * Sep 3: Yamashita surrender day
 * Sep 8: Feast of the Nativity of Mary
 * Regular holidays
 * Apr 10: Eidul-Fitar
 * Jun 17: Eid al-Adha (Feast of the Sacrifice), day 1
 * Common local holidays
 * Feb 7: Lailatul Isra Wal Mi Raj
 * Jun 18: Eid al-Adha, day 2
 * Jul 8: Amun Jadid
 * Sep 16: Maulid un-Nabi
 * Observance
 * Mar 11: Start of Ramadan
 * Feb. 25: People Power Anniversary
 * Mar 31: Easter Sunday
 * Mar 20: March equinox
 * Jun 21: June solstice
 * Sep 22: September equinox
 * Dec 21: December solstice

<!---

https://www.weather.gov/cle/Seasons

https://www.weather.gov/dvn/Climate_Astronomical_Seasons

<<< Solstices are often marked by various celebrations, the most well known is the Christmas holiday celebrated a few days after the December Solstice. >>>

Equinox in March and September dates, most places on the planet experience roughly as much night time as day time.

https://www.farmersalmanac.com/equinox-solstice

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/equinox/

https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/weather/seasons/equinox-and-solstice

https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/solstices-equinoxes

--->