User:Ratyosyann1/Poaching and Abuse of Dolphins in Japan

Summary
Poaching is an illegal practice of hunting animals that may be endangered or protected under a specific law from hunting a species. Taiji is a town in Japan clouded by admiration for dolphins and whales. In Taiji, Japan, a region that already had whale-hunting problems, the Japanese began to poach dolphins as well. The poaching begins in September and ends in March; these poachers slaughter 23,000 dolphins each year. Although the hunting is done illegally, the people involved go out of their way to make use of the dolphin meat. In the documentary “The Cove” following Ric O'Barry, a retired dolphin trainer trying to stop dolphin poaching and captivity, uncovers the truth about the fisherman being paid to poach these creatures. In the article, eavesdropping in The Cove: Interspecies ethics, public and private space, and trauma under water, in an interview with Ric O’Barry, he states that “the popular tendency to misinterpret the ‘dolphin smile’ as a reflection of the animal’s emotional state”.

Methods
Fishermen use the method of cornering the dolphins into doing as they are instructed to do, using spear like weapons to kill these mammals. They lure the dolphins by taking advantage of their sensitivity to sound and echolocation.



How they are captured
The method of capturing these beautiful creatures is truly horrifying. Usually occurring at night, the poachers would get on their boats with long rods, carrying hammers in which they would hit the rods with to creating a “wall of sound” that would cause the dolphins to be filled with fear and concern. The poachers would then round up the dolphins with a net, and gear them towards the shore, boxing them in with nets and boats so that they could not escape. Once they were captured between land and the people who had the motive to kill, the people would take advantage of the helpless dolphins and begin to slaughter them. The parents would be separated from their young, causing the dolphins to cry out. This execution of emotion was their way of coping with what was about to happen.

What tools they use
The dolphins were killed with long spear like weapons that would be thrusted into the dolphins to sever their spines and render them defenseless. In the article A Veterinary and Behavioral Analysis of Dolphin Killing Methods Currently Used in the “Drive Hunt” in Taiji, Japan, it states that The process of spinal transection carried out in a fully conscious large animal is likely to be profoundly distressing, traumatic, and painful and create unnecessary suffering and distress because a complete transection is difficult to achieve .The fisherman would then have hooks on staffs and pull them into the boats, as they would drive them to bigger areas to dump the lifeless bodies after harvesting the meat that they needed. This method is now illegal in Japan, but the act of poaching them, is not. In other areas, the method of murder was different compared to the fishers in Taiji. In the Faroe Islands, they would cut around the blood vessel plexus and cervical spine with a whaling knife, once again rendering them defenseless and most likely dead. Others in which they keep alive for different purposes dolphin drive hunting.

Uses
The dolphins are used for entertainment and for food. The Japanese Government also lied to the fisherman and told them that the reason they had to slaughter the dolphins was because they were eating all of the populations of fish that were sold in the markets.



What they do with the remaining young
When these dolphins are slaughtered, the young are separated from their mothers and are killed on sight. The young females are then tested by trainers, which have lined up to see if they have the ability to be trained into performers in aquariums or if the fishermen should kill them. They are tested in the same waters in which they are to be killed if the fishermen feel they are not suited for performing in an aquarium. The dolphins are sent all around the world to aquariums that are in business that want to put these mammals on exhibit. The film claims that a live “show dolphin” can sell for upwards of $150,000 whereas a “meat dolphin” fetches around $600. The poachers then sell the slaughtered dolphins to markets and sell the meat in local market places in Taiji, Japan. The meats were purchased by schools and would be served in school lunches. In schools in Japan, lunch is "compulsory". Sometimes, when the businesses don't have whale meat so they substitute the meat for dolphin meat and the people buying the meat can't tell the difference. The dolphin meat is also prepared and sold at local dolphinariums so when people are watching dolphins perform; they can also feast on them in multiple forms. The issue with selling the dolphin meat was that there are high mercury levels, which increased by 3% each year since the industrial revolution. The dolphin meat also did not meet government set standards, being set at a maximum level of 0.4 ppm (Parts per million); meanwhile, the dolphin meat contained 2000 ppm.

Protests
The act of poaching the dolphins is legal, therefore going out and trying to save them is also a conflict of interest. Usually the poachers are fisherman and simply profit from selling the bodies of the dolphins. The fishing occurs in private areas so when the dolphins are captured and slaughtered, they are in a secluded area in which others may not observe. In Taiji, it is illegal to protest or trespass on these lands. When tourists come into the country, they are put under investigation to make sure that they are not involved in these ways. Divers have gone undercover to try and prevent these proceedings to occur but are unsuccessful and are simply arrested or kicked out of the country.

Organizations
Some organizations such as The Dolphin Project tried to get involved and prevent these slaughterings to occur while others stated their support but simply did not go out of their way to do anything like the World Wildlife Fund Foundation.

Acts
Ric O’Barry has multiple films that follow the lives of dolphins and how they are abused and slaughtered and how he tries to save them. After working with five dolphins who were all “Flipper”, and watching a dolphin commit suicide in his arms, Ric O’Barry made it a priority of his to keep any other dolphin from having to face these difficulties. At the end of “The Cove”, O’Barry walked around a peace conference in Taiji, Japan with a television strapped onto him, displaying the slaughters occurring in secrecy during an International Whaling Commission meeting. Aside from this, there is an act in which is still valid called the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. The act protects marine mammals in the United States.

Events
The World Wildlife Fund Foundation also protects animals who may be endangered or on the verge of endangerment, including dolphins. Although this may be true, according to Ric O’Barry, none of these huge organizations are doing anything about the slaughtering.