User:SCHolar44

Subpages to this User page
My sandbox and other pages that I use when developing articles simultaneously:

Each of these has a Talk page for comments and queries about the article content.

Help directory
See the Help Directory for the directory of Wikipedia's how-to and information pages, alongside other related administrative pages in the Wikipedia and Help namespaces.

Help desk
Wikipedia: Help desk

Wikimedia Commons: Help desk

[All pages with prefix (User namespace)]

Article structure
Manual of Style/Layout

Manual of style

 * WP:MOS

or
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style

Reliable sources (guidelines on)

 * Reliable sources

"Wikipedia requires inline citations for any material challenged or likely to be challenged, and for all quotations."

Meaning of "published"
See Published.

"All reliable sources must be both published and accessible to at least some people."

"For Wikipedia's purposes, published means any source that is made available to the public in some form. The term published is most commonly associated with text materials, either in traditional printed format or online. However, audio, video, and multimedia materials that have been recorded then broadcast, distributed, or archived may also meet the necessary criteria to be considered a reliable source. Like text sources, media sources must be normally produced by a third party and be properly cited, although self-published sources are also considered "published" for Wikipedia's purposes and can sometimes be used in articles. Additionally, an archived copy of the media must exist and be available to the general public. ... The definition also encompasses material such as documents in publicly accessible archives, inscriptions on monuments, gravestones, etc., that are available for anyone to see." [CH: Similarly, signs -- .]

Self-published and user-generated sources
Self-published sources are largely not acceptable. Self-published books and newsletters, personal pages on social networking sites, tweets, and posts on Internet forums are all examples of self-published media. Self-published expert sources may be considered reliable when produced by an established expert on the subject matter, whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable, independent publications.

Content from websites whose content is largely user-generated is generally unacceptable. Sites with user-generated content include personal websites, personal and group blogs (excluding newspaper and magazine blogs), content farms, Internet forums, social media sites, fansites, video and image hosting services, most wikis and other collaboratively created websites. See tag here.

Verifiability, not truth
See essays: Verifiability, not truth and Truth.

New page
For Wikimedia Commons, use the Upload Wizard page.

For Wikipedia, this can be used to create an article:

REMEMBER to add   on a separate line after entering the page content.

User subpage, creating
From User pages:

In the Wikipedia search box type User:SCHolar44/subpageN <== (Where N is the numeral of the next page -- 1 to start with) and press ENTER. This will bring you to a page with the title User:SCHolar44/subpageN. Now click the CREATE button next to the Wikipedia search box and your new subpage will be created for you. Click on EDIT, enter a few test words (perhaps a mention of what you'll be putting on it) and click the "Publish changes" button. You may also wish to tick "Watch this page" and/or "This is a minor edit". You will notice that, differently from your User page, the subpage contains a backlink to your User page.

On my User page I prefer to have a linked list of subpages, so I type in the User page: /subpage1 – contains a draft article on [The title in bold], which renders as: /subpage1 – contains a draft article on [The title in bold]

Page information (including visitor details)
From the page on which you want information, click "Page information", at the bottom of "Tools", in the sidebar.

Notice when editing is in progress
To signify that a page is actively undergoing a major edit, see Template:In use.

Put the code at the top of the article -- or section in the case of  .

  will render as:

To "reserve" a more specific length of time and/or provide a message, you can use the text parameter to tell visitors of your intentions:

 

Example:  

-- which renders as:

Redirect (Wikipedia)
Redirect

With a  right, just use the "Move & Replace" tab as you would normally do to a regular page.

Or enter the title to be created here (from How_to_make_a_redirect):

Redirect (Commons)
See File renaming

To move a [re-named] page, with a  right, just use the "Move & Replace" tab as you would normally do to a regular page; otherwise see File renaming.

To create a Redirect in Commons from a commonly used search term to an existing article:

In a Commons page (e.g. my User Page but anywhere will do, temporarily), in Edit mode, type -- in double square brackets -- the Redirect term you want to have, then click "Show Preview". Since the page does not exist,  the link appears in red . Click on it to create the page (click "Leave page", which will cancel the page you've been on). Then in the new page, in Edit mode, enter):


 * 1) REDIRECT name of the target page, preceded by "File:"

Click the Preview button to check all is correct. In the Edit summary, type in e.g. Redirect from common search term. Un-tick "Watch this page" and click Publish page. Check that the link works.

If it is a Category redirect, type the Redirect term you want to have and place it within double square brackets, preceded by a colon and the word "Category" – this prevents the redirect appearing in this category – then follow with the name of the existing category page.


 * 1) REDIRECT Category:Name of the existing target page

Delete the temporary article name that you put in square brackets.

Reaching consensus – the BRD cycle
BOLD, revert, discuss cycle

"The BOLD, revert, discuss cycle (BRD) is an optional method of reaching consensus. It can be useful for identifying objections, keeping discussion moving forward and helping to break deadlocks. In other situations, you may have better success with alternatives to this approach. Care and diplomacy should be exercised. Some editors will see any reversion as a challenge, so be considerate and patient."

Dispute resolution

 * WP:DR

or
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution

Reverting
See Help:Reverting.

Vandalism
See Template:Uw-vandalism1 for various levels of severity of warning.

Request deletion of a Commons page
Click the "Delete this page" link in the sidebar.

See (in Wikimedia Commons): Nominate for deletion. (Remember I have moving rights in Commons.)

For deletion policy for articles in Wikipedia, see: Deletion process

For extending the period over which a nominated deletion article (in Wikipedia) is discussed, see: Relisting discussions.

Over-linking, under-linking
See Overlinking and underlinking.

Essay on Community and communication
How Wikipedia Works – Chapter 12

Images in a gallery
See my documentation in Word, e.g. Gallery coding 2 across.docx. Based on Editing Wikitext/Pictures/Images in Containers.

Remember to consider a tag leading to a Commons category collection:

Getting hold of sources
(Dead link; find new one) ####

"Main article:" and "Further info:" pointers
In its own paragraph (often under a heading):

 

-- which renders as:

 

-- which renders as:

Within a paragraph:  

-- which renders as:

... the localities where the "Old Ghan" was serviced. Blah blah blah.

Lead section (lede)
Manual of Style/Lead section

Commonwealth/Australian/American spelling
 AusE   BE   AE   CwthE 

Example (shows a tooltip when you hover):


 * ... streetcars (AE) / trams (CE) ...

Present tense
My Typinator abbreviation to point to the "Relative time references" article: wpresent – which renders as: The statement is likely to become outdated: see the guidance here. ← Links to here.

Articles include:
 * Manual of Style/Words to watch
 * Manual of Style/Dates and numbers
 * Manual of Style

See Wikipedia: Statements likely to become outdated.

If it is possible to predict when a statement will need updating, use the   template to indicate when it should be updated.

See  for coding.

This paragraph is especially relevant to careless "now/at present/currently" usage: "When material in an article may become out of date, follow the As of guideline, which allows information to be written in a less time-dependent way. (The 'as of' technique is implemented in the template; it additionally tags information that will become dated. produces the text  and categorises the article appropriately. 'A new widget is currently being developed' can usefully become something like 'a new widget was under development ' or, if supported by a source, 'it was announced in November 2007 that a new widget was being developed' (no need for  template). The  template will always display current age when the text is displayed in Wikipedia, but will not be correct for printouts and non-live text: a person born on 25 December 2000 will be 23 [entered as ] years old now.) There are also several templates for alerting readers to time-sensitive wording problems. (For example, the template  is available for editors to indicate when a sentence, or part of one, should be worded more precisely. The template may be used when an article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information.)"

Quoting CC0 and CC-BY text
See Template:Reflist-talk

'''

-- for CC0 ("cc=zero") this renders as:

Creating a new Wikipedia category
See: FAQ/Categorization and Contents

To check which categories already exist, the best way is to browse. Either start at Browse or start at Category:Articles, which shows the "top" level categories, to which all other categories should be connected. A list of all categories can be found at Special:Categories – there are many thousands listed but you can jump through them using the search box. Category:Wikipedia categories is the standard top-level category provided by the MediaWiki software, but orphan categories (categories without any parent categories) can exist. Category Tree browser at the Toolserver is a JavaScript category browser, but it is marked "deprecated". Cat Scan, also at the Toolserver, can be used to find subcategories.

Deleting a Wikipedia category
If you believe a category falls within Category deletion policy, bring it up on Categories for discussion.

Principles for naming/choosing Commons categories
See Commons:Categories.

Navigate the category structure starting from a generic category (but don't choose it). Narrow your search down to subcategories until you find the most specific category that fits the file you uploaded, and choose that. You can navigate the category structure by following links to subcategories, or expanding the tree of subcategories by clicking on the little ▶ symbols on subcategory names. Always place an image in the most specific categories, and not in the levels above those – and those categories should in turn be placed in their most specific categories.

Content depicting a given subject from a common vantage point are grouped in Views of Subject from Viewpoint categories such as Views of Cathedral of Seville from the Giralda. Such categories should be subcategories of both the subject's category (Cathedral of Seville in this example) and the viewpoint's category (Giralda in this example).

In this example, the Views of Cathedral of Seville from the Giralda category is not placed directly in the subject and viewpoint categories, but in Views of the Cathedral of Seville and Views from Giralda. Such intermediate categories are often necessary to create structure and avoid over-categorization, particularly for views of a city from a vantage point located within the city. For example, Views of Rome from the Pincio needs the intermediate category Views of Rome to avoid placing it directly in Rome, which would constitute over-categorization.

Creating a new category in Commons
See Creating a new category

To see whether the category exists, type in "  category:  " followed by the name of a category that may exist, then click "Find category":

NB: Commons ↓ 

To create a new category:
 * 1) Make sure there isn't an existing category that will serve the purpose: do a thorough search.
 * 2) Find images (or a gallery or other pages) that should be put in the new category. Edit that page, and at the end insert the new category reference. e.g..
 * 3) Save the edited page. The new category appears as a red link at the bottom of the page.
 * 4) Click on that red link. The new, empty, category page appears for editing.  You can now edit the category like any other wiki page.

A category page should contain the following information (in order of importance):
 * Category-links that put it into one or more parent categories. At the bottom of the new page, insert lines of the form.
 * If the title is not clear or unambiguous enough on its own, add a short description that explains what should be in the category.
 * Add interwiki or interlanguage links to the article or category with the same topic in Wikipedia by adding the appropriate sitelinks on the corresponding Wikidata page. After creating the category page, to add the links click "Add links" under "In Wikipedia" on the bottom of the sidebar to the left.
 * If the category should be sorted according to a string different from the category title, add a . For instance, the title of a category about a person would not be the right sort string. For such categories, insert just before the categories a line like   with the correct sort string. See meta:Categories for more information.

See also How to categorize: guidance by topic for guidance on specific classes of category, e.g. categories about People.

Renaming a category in Commons
See Commons:Rename a category

Category redirect
See Template:Category redirect

This tag should be used on existing categories that are likely to be used by others, even though the "real" category is elsewhere. Redirected categories should be empty and not categorised themselves.

 

Deleting a Commons category
Go to the category page (Category:[cat name]); in sidebar, click "Nominate category for deletion"; give reasons.

Inclusion of "et al" in citation
Include in the citation:  |display-authors=etal 

Inclusion of footnote reference in citation
 

-- which renders as:

Inclusion of two refs in citation, one inside the other
Include within the ref (citation) details  |postscript=, TEXT  (note the comma, which is required for setting the punctuation in the list of references) followed by: quoted in

Inclusion of "Cited in" in citation
South Australian Railways (1967). Weekly Notice 44/67. Cited in  

-- which renders as:

South Australian Railways (1967). Weekly Notice 44/67. Cited in

Inclusion of quotation in citation
See Template:Citation.

Example:

Inclusion of copied CC BY text in citation
 

-- which renders, for example, as:



Inclusion of comment in citation (postscript)
Include within the ref (citation) details ''' |postscript=. TEXT OF COMMENT ''' (note the full stop, which is required for setting the punctuation in the list of references)

-- which renders as, for example:

Inclusion of search details in citation
 

-- which renders as, for example:

Citation to implement location found via Google Earth or Google Maps
If in Google Earth, click and hold down the locality marker, then click on the link "Learn more in Google Maps". The Google Maps web page appears.

Copy the URL from the Google Maps web page. Insert the title you want (or omit the "title=" parameter -- but that will add yet another "Google Maps" to the citation).

Example:

 

-- which renders as:

Citing an archived website (archive-url)
See Template:Citation.

My Typinator abbreviation: warchive

– which renders as:

 

Citation of Australian Acts (manually)
Discussed in Template talk:Cite Legislation AU.

With austlii as the source, this ought to work:  

– which renders as, for example:

or this:

 

– which renders as, for example:

However, if austlii is faulty (most likely with the code number, tntsa946o1907453 in this case) manual formatting may be necessary.

This is the formatting described below:


 * The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862 authorised ...

The Cite Legislation AU template can fail. I've come to prefer coding manually to achieve a plain-and-simple linked footnote reference (the same output) with: This is not difficult. Two complications arise, but they are easily overcome.
 * the Act in italics
 * jurisdiction in roman
 * a link to Austlii or a jurisdiction register via a box-and-arrow (Go-to-file icon.png) icon.

By default, an unwanted number in square brackets (undefined) will appear at the end of the footnote, as in Reference no. 1 below.
 * 1. Remove the superfluous number from the footnote

A little trick easily removes it. In Edit view, immediately after the URL (i.e., before the closing square bracket) add a space followed by a non-breaking space :



If the Act's title is included in the body of the article and doesn't include the jurisdiction after the enactment year – e.g. The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862 – italicising may cause the last character to impinge on the footnote number that follows it, as in:
 * 2. Make space to clear italics in the body text


 * ... blah blah. The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862 was assented to on 18th December.

This is best countered by adding a thin space after the last character:


 * ... blah blah. The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862 was assented to on 18th December.

The above formatting can be applied equally to an Act that isn't listed by Austlii; for example:
 * Citation for an Act not listed by Austlii


 * Sydney Railway Company Act 1849

 


 * ↑ Coding of this box is covered in Reflist on a Talk page (in a panel).

70-year terms
Public domain


 * 70-year copyright terms came into effect in 2005 when the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) amendments were made to the Copyright Act. Prior to 2005, terms were generally 50 years. But, the 2005 changes were not applied retrospectively or to government publications, therefore, to calculate the copyright status of older works, it is necessary to determine whether or not copyright had expired by 2005.


 * – from How long does copyright last? (NLA)

PD, copyright and CC selection (TOC)
Note: the year in this section advances annually.

The article covering the main template used in the following licence notices is Template:PD-because ← in Wikimedia Commons.

Australian Government copyright policy: https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/duration-provisions-table-may-2018.pdf


 * PD DEDICATIONS   Cc-zero.svg


 * GOVERNMENT WORKS    &#127970;      &#128248;     &#128196;    🇦🇺


 * NON-GOVERNMENT PHOTOS    &#128100;      &#128248;


 * NON-GOVERNMENT, NON-PHOTOGRAPHIC WORKS    &#128100;     &#128196;


 * U.S. COPYRIGHT RELEVANT TO AUSTRALIA (FOR COMMONS UPLOADS)   🇺🇸

PD dedication (CC0) as owner
My Typinator abbreviation: wpdowner
 * Unattributed, when I own copyright

 

– which renders as:

PD dedications (CC0) as author (attributed)
My Typinator abbreviation: authorattrib
 * Attributed when desired (if I am the author ; links to my Talk page at Wikipedia)

 

– which renders as:


 * Alternatively, use an "Attribution only" licence

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdattrib only

 

– which renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

Government works – before 1 January 1946
My Typinator abbreviation: wpdgovpre1946

Government works – 1946 and later
Note: Works created by Australian governments enter PD after 50 years – i.e. in 2024, if made before. However, works hosted on the Wikimedia Foundation's servers, which are located in the US, must comply with US copyright law. US PD for Government works made in Australia expires on the URAA date (1 January 1996) – i.e., in respect of works made after 31 December 1945.

For government works made on/after 1 January 1946, follow the procedure at:


 * CC BY Australian Government
 * CC BY SA Government
 * CC BY Victorian Government
 * CC BY Northern Territory Government.

Collage of PD drawings made by government and assembled by me
See my file: Copyright notices -- collage of SAR PD drawings pre-1946.pdf. An example is at

If the original drawings were created before 31 December 1945, enter this (because of US copyright jurisdiction for Wikimedia Commons):


 *  |Permission=  The original drawings were created by an agency of an Australian government and were published ca. 1945. Due to the 50 year Crown Copyright term for Australian government works, the copyright expired at the end of 1995. As such they were in the public domain on the URAA restoration date for Australia (1 January 1996) and are also in the public domain in the US. The collage with headings and captions, created by User:SCHolar44, contains insufficient creative input to attract separate copyright as a derivative work. The creator has also pre-emptively released any such copyright, should one arise, under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication.

Licence is  

If after 1 January 1946, invoke blanket CC BY (Australian governments).

PD pre- photos (not SLSA)
Note: the year in the above heading and in the wording of the first ("PD-because") tag advances annually.

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1902photo

For Australian photographs (not from SLSA) taken before 1 January .

Relevance (Australia): None (only aspect relevant is that it is pre-1955).

Relevance (United States for Wikimedia Commons): Works created before are unequivocally PD in the US; the PD-US-unpublished template can therefore be used in addition to the Australian statement.


 * On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
 * On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
 * enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
 * copy, first, this wikitext into the window.



The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):


 * next, copy this wikitext, which covers pre- PD in the US:

-- which renders as:


 * finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:
 *  ↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy. 

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

If an amendment is needed, it can be entered in Edit mode under the  int:license-header  heading.

PD pre- images (not photo or engraving or SLSA)
My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1902image

For Australian non-photographic images (not from SLSA) made before 1 January .

Relevance (Australia): The author died pre-1955. Rationale: author was at least 25 in (few if any young artists were published at that time) and did not live beyond age 80 – life expectancy in Australia in 1955 was 69.81 years (https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/AUS/australia/life-expectancy).

Relevance (United States for Wikimedia Commons): Works created before are unequivocally PD in the US; the PD-US-unpublished template can therefore be used in addition to the Australian statement.


 * On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
 * On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
 * enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
 * copy, first, this wikitext into the window.



The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):


 * next, copy this wikitext, which covers pre- PD in the US:

-- which renders as:


 * finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:
 *  ↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy. 

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

If an amendment is needed, it can be entered in Edit mode under the  int:license-header  heading.

Photo repair (blemishes) notice – SLSA
My Typinator abbreviation: wblemish

Added (after location=) when a photo has been repaired. The final sentence is for the reason field. Delete mention of SLSA when applicable.


 *  This image originates in a medium-resolution download available free of charge from the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"). Changes made before uploading to Wikimedia Commons included rotation, improvements to exposure, contrast and other values, and removal of blemishes, scratches, dust and chemical marks. The image with its faults can be downloaded free from the library's website. The website states that a higher-resolution image is available for purchase from the library. •••Note about restoration of damage.••• 

PD pre- images (SLSA)
My Typinator abbreviation: wpdSLSApre1902

For Australian photographs curated by SLSA taken before 1 January .

Relevance (Australia): None (only aspect relevant is that it is pre-1955).

Relevance (Wikimedia Commons): Works created before are unequivocally PD in the US; the PD-US-unpublished template can therefore be used in addition to the Australian statement.


 * On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
 * On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
 * enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
 * copy, first, this wikitext into the window.



The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):


 * next, copy this wikitext, which covers pre- PD in the US:

-- which renders as:


 * finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:
 *  ↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy. 

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

Pre-1955 SLSA photos
My Typinator abbreviation: wpdSLSApre1955

For Australian photographs curated by SLSA taken between 1 January and 31 December 1954. Reason: Photos created in Australia before 1 January 1955 are PD in Australia. In the US jurisdiction (which applies to Wikimedia Commons because their servers are in the US), (Applies before  too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)
 * For pre- SLSA photos, see here.
 * For ΩΩΩ


 * On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
 * On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
 * enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
 * copy, first, this wikitext into the window.



The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):


 * next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):


 * finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:
 *  ↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy. 

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

Pre- SLSA images
My Typinator abbreviation: wpdSLSApre1955

For Australian photographs curated by SLSA taken between 1 January and 31 December 1955.

Reason: Works created in Australia before the URAA date (1 January 1996) are PD in the US jurisdiction, which applies because Wikimedia's servers are in the US. (Applies before too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)


 * On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
 * On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
 * enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
 * copy, first, this wikitext into the window.



The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):


 * next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):


 * finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:
 *  ↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy. 

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

Pre-1955 works (non-government) (not photos or engravings)
My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1955nonGovNonPhoto

For Australian works (not made by a government, not photos or engravings, author unknown) made public before 1 Jan 1955.

Rationale: Works created in Australia before the URAA date (1 January 1996) are PD in the US jurisdiction, which applies because Wikimedia's servers are in the US. (Applies before too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)


 * On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
 * On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
 * enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
 * copy, first, this wikitext into the window.



The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):


 * next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):


 * finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:
 *  ↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy. 

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

Pre-1955 photos (non-government)
 #### To come 

1955- photos (non-government)
My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1955

For Australian photographs (not made by a government) taken between 1 January and 31 December .
 * For pre-, see here).
 * For pre-1955, see [[#

Rationale: Works created in Australia before the URAA date (1 January 1996) are PD in the US jurisdiction, which applies because Wikimedia's servers are in the US. (Applies before too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)


 * On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
 * On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
 * enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
 * copy, first, this wikitext into the window.



The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):


 * next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):


 * finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:
 *  ↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy. 

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

Public domain – Commonwealth or state government TEXT
(50 years after publishing; but see the over-riding CC BY releases under the Open Data Policy, which generally render public domain factors as irrelevant for my purposes.} See: 
 * Australian Government CC BY
 * SA Government CC BY

CC BY all Australian governments
My Typinator abbreviation: wccbyallgovs


 * On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
 * Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
 * Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
 * Copy the following wikitext into the window.



This is a mockup (NB: with different coding) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

CC BY Australian Government
My Typinator abbreviation: wagccby


 * On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
 * Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
 * Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
 * Copy the following wikitext into the window.



This is a mockup (NB: with different coding) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

CC BY SA Government
My Typinator abbreviation: wsagccby


 * On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
 * Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
 * Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
 * Copy the following wikitext into the window.



This is a mockup (NB: coding is different from that on Commons page) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

 ↑  If the work was downloaded from an SA Government website, a CC BY Attribution notice should be at the bottom of the Home page. In that case, replace the last sentence with: ''' The web page from which this work was downloaded (see "Source") contained the statement, "This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution [version] licence." '''
 * Work on an SA Government website (not sa.gov.au)

↑ If text was downloaded from the sa.gov.au website, place this between }} and in the citation: ''' Copyright in text copied from this source is owned by the  Government of South Australia and made available under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. '''
 * Text at sa.gov.au

-- which renders in the References section as:

Copyright in text copied from this source is owned by the Government of South Australia and made available under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.

CC BY Victorian Government
My Typinator abbreviation: wvicgccby


 * On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
 * Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
 * Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
 * Copy the following wikitext into the window.



This is a mockup (NB: with different coding) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

CC BY Northern Territory Government
My Typinator abbreviation: wCCBYntGov

For Australian photographs taken after 1955, curated by LANT (Library & Archives NT), for which a CC BY licence is shown on the download page.

For photos created before 1955, use pre-1955 PD.


 * On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
 * On the next page, click on the CC BY 4.0 licence.


 *  The page in the Library & Archives Northern Territory website from which the image file was downloaded (see "Source") states that the photograph is licensed CC BY. 

Then complete the attribution!
 * Open the completed upload of the file and click Edit.
 * In the Licensing section, after ====, enter  .

CC BY NSW Government
My Typinator abbreviation: wnswgccby


 * On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
 * Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
 * Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
 * Copy the following wikitext into the window.



This is a mockup (NB: coding is different from that on Commons page) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

 ↑  If the work was downloaded from an NSW Government website, a CC BY Attribution notice may be at the bottom of the Home page. In that case, replace the last sentence with: ''' The web page from which this work was downloaded (see "Source") contained the statement, "This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution [version] licence." '''
 * Work on an NSW Government website (not nsw.gov.au)

↑ If text was downloaded from the nsw.gov.au website, place this between }} and in the citation: ''' Copyright in text copied from this source is owned by the  State of New South Wales and made available under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. '''
 * Text at nsw.gov.au

-- which renders in the References section as:

Copyright in text copied from this source is owned by the State of New South Wales and made available under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.

US PD policies most relevant to Australian works
''Extremely complex. See Cornell University summary (Hirtle table) – in which the most relevant is here:''


 * This date advances annually. Dates shown are valid for .

PD fair use in the US


My Typinator abbreviation: wfairuse

See Template:Non-free use rationale

''To follow an Australian PD notice when US fair use is the only possible basis for the image to be hosted on Wikimedia servers. For uploads to Wiki PEDIA only.''


 * Copy wikitext below and paste in Edit mode under the int:license-header heading.

''' ↑ The image has been uploaded to Wikipedia because its public domain status in Australia is established and its usage would be considered fair use within Wikipedia policy and US law. '''
 * Follow that with:

PD fair use in the US -- CHECK/DELETE THIS!!!!


My Typinator abbreviation: wfairuse

See Template:Non-free use rationale

''To follow an Australian PD notice when US fair use is the only possible basis for the image to be hosted on Wikimedia servers. For uploads to Wiki PEDIA only.''


 * Copy wikitext below and paste in Edit mode under the int:license-header heading.

''' ↑ The image has been uploaded to Wikipedia because its public domain status in Australia is established and its usage would be considered fair use within Wikipedia policy and US law. '''
 * Follow that with:

Fair use of a dustjacket image
See an argument for a non-free image in the Description at.

Public domain – HTSA amended copyright tags
My Typinator abbreviation: wpdHTSA

Reason for it: HTSA have the wrong licensing notice.

 

 

''' ↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy. '''

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a simulation of the appearance in Commons):

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

OTRS pending
See Template:OP (or Template:OTRS pending -- currently prohibited -- if the articles are merged).

In the "Source" area on the Wikimedia Commons page for an image, add as the first characters after the Description heading, i.e. starting in the next space after "=" in "Description=". .

A date-stamped version of the notification will appear on the file. The file will be categorised by date automatically but the category will not appear on the actual file page.

Copyright permission -- my pre-approved railway-related
See Permission templates.

Copyright permission -- material already online
See Donating copyrighted materials

Asking for copyright consent
Example requests for permission are here.

My example (Flickr) is here.

Copyright, wording of consent e-mail
See the templates in: Commons and Wikipedia.

Place   as the last element in the Description text.

Tips and solutions
From Reliable sources:

"Published" means, for Wikipedia's purposes, any source that was made available to the public in some form. The term is most commonly associated with text materials, either in traditional printed format or online; however, audio, video, and multimedia materials that have been recorded then broadcast, distributed, or archived by a reputable party may also meet the necessary criteria to be considered reliable sources. Like text, media must be produced by a reliable source and be properly cited. Additionally, an archived copy of the media must exist. It is convenient, but by no means necessary, for the archived copy to be accessible via the Internet.

More detail is at Published.

Useful tips on a User page
Tom Reding's user page

Nowiki
My Typinator abbreviation: wnwk1 (for opening code) and wnwk2 (for closing code)

See Help:Wikitext.

   TEXT    

Link to a URL without showing the URL
 [  URL GOES HERE FOLLOWED BY A SPACE THEN DESCRIPTIVE WORDS  ] 

– which renders as, for example: Short Guide to Copyright

SLSA photos URL
See and insert new number after "B+".

Maps showing Aboriginal languages distribution
Of Queensland, but some are relevant to SA: 

Route map icon coding
See BSicon/Catalogue and sub-pages such as BSicon/Catalogue/junctions.

Permission templates
In Commons. NB:  Case sensitive .

    ← Note either upper or lower case.


 * Permission (upper case P): Hugh S. W..., M... (surname only), Richard T. H....


 * permission (lower case p): N...R...M....

Wikimedia Commons: upload documentation
These are useful to remember:  |source= 
 * For listing a source for an existing image on which the current image is based (e.g. before cropping):


 * -- which renders as:
 * source=Map of Central Australia Railway and Marree line.tif


 * For approximate dates:  |date= 


 * -- which renders as, for example:  |date=circa 1925 


 * For other dates / complex dates: see Commons:Template:Other date. Many variables shown in the article include: possibly, probably, presumably, from-until, unknown, between, or, before, after, by, from, first half.

which renders as: probably 15 January 1884 which renders as: between circa 1999 and circa 2000
 * -- for example:  
 * -- and:  


 * For unknown authors:  author 


 * Linked Username in licensing description:  


 * -- which renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

Wikimedia Commons: amending filename of an image
(Check the criteria at COM:FR to make sure the renaming is appropriate.)

Don't use Template:Requested move to tag articles that aren't controversial or potentially controversial to move. For uncontroversial/technical requests, go to Requested moves/Technical requests and edit the "Uncontroversial technical requests" subsection by inserting the following code, adding 2 page titles and the reason (remove nowiki from the code):

current page title

This will automatically insert a bullet and include your signature. No edits to the article's talk page are required.

Article title, and change of (move)
See Article titles.

See Help:How to move a page.

See Requested moves.

Pictures / images
See Help:Pictures -- a comprehensive article. Includes Pixel counts vs upright factors, which reads:

Although pixel counts are easier to understand than upright factors, they adjust less well to user preferences. For example, suppose a picture contains some detail and by default is a bit too small, and you want to increase it by about 10%. Although  and   do the job equally well for the common case where the default width is 220 pixels, many of the users who set the default width to 300 pixels to work better with their high-resolution screens will be annoyed with   because it will make the picture a third smaller than their preferred size. In contrast,  will display the picture to them with a width of 330 pixels, and this is more likely to work well on their displays.

Pixel counts are typically better than upright factors for displaying combinations of pictures, some of which have known and limited sizes, and for displaying tiny icons that are intended to be combined with text.

Linking to a map using a mapbox
Presents an overlay on a map by OpenStreetMap, Google, Bing or GeoHack.

Before using, always read the Template:Mapbox page and, if relevant, the Template:Maplink page.

 

(PortLINK options 2016.map leads to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_Harbor_railway_line#/maplink/0)

-- which renders as:

Displaying a small map of a location
Copy the code; note trasposing of latitude and longitude.

 { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ {     "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 138.61283579085176,         -34.92922177880179        ]      }    }  ] }

A good .gif sequence
... is

Free images
A long list is here

Modifying an image in Commons
Extracted (without other changes) :

In the Summary area of the extracted file, put an "Extracted" tag in the  area of the Summary:  

-- which renders as follows, for example:

If desired, text can be added to the parent file on the "Other versions=" line, such as: Cropped to show two locomotives: South Australian Railways locomotives Rx201 and 607 at Tailem Bend locomotive depot, 1952 (LEBates).jpg

Retouched :

Put a Retouched tag in the  area of the Summary:  

-- which renders as follows (with an example of reasons):

Substantially modified :

My Typinator abbreviations: wimagemod1 for offspring image, imagemod2 for parent image.

On the offspring page, put a tag in the  area of the Summary:

-- which renders as, for example:



On the parent page, put a tag in the  area of the Summary:

-- which renders as, for example:



-- and:

NSWGR loco 3026 with ARHS train passes through RAAF Base Wagga with aircraft in background, 1983 (distant).jpg

Click on radio button to show a second image
Copy the coding for this example →

See example: National War Memorial (South Australia)

Doesn't work on smartphones: all of the images are displayed.

Click on cropped image to show a larger image


Example: a thumb might be cropped to show a smaller, more important part of the image; clicking on it leads to the full image.

Use  preceded by the smaller image's file name and succeeded by the file name of the larger image:

 

Annotated image (incorporates notes and/or a crop to exclude or enlarge)
See Template:Annotated image.

Image name, to change (move)
See Commons:Overwriting existing files. For Wikipedia articles, see Help:How to move a page.

(My addition to ‪autopatrollers (at my discretion‬) and file movers (RFR)‬ was received on 7 Apr 2020.)
 * With File Mover privilege

See, especially Commons:File renaming.

The file rename function allows renaming (or "moving") of files, which works basically the same way as "normal" page moves. The function is only available to stewards, administrators and file movers, who just use the "Move & Replace" tab as you would normally do to a regular page.

For reasons, see Which files should be renamed?

For Wikimedia Commons, see Commons:File renaming.
 * Without File Mover privilege

You have to request the renaming of a file.

You can do this via the "More" menu pop-down next to the star near the top of the image page (it won't be visible on your User page); select "Move". (If there isn't a "More" menu next to the star, see the note below.)

This will bring up a page with guidance notes on, and provision for, the new file name and reasons to be entered.

Alternatively, in the Edit view of the image file's Summary section you can add as the first line, i.e. immediately after "  |Description=  ".

An example:

* The number here is one of the six in the table here.

and specifically:

However, this option doesn't initiate extra checks that the first method will carry out.

If on the image page there isn't a "More" menu next to the star, you can put it on by changing your preferences here » go to the 3rd heading (Interface: Files and categories) » tick the RenameLink box » Save.

An editor with filemoving rights will perform the move if it conforms to the guidelines described [at Commons:File renaming]."

Colon trick to produce a conventional wikilink (no image)
From Help:Colon trick: "The colon trick is a method of providing a link to a category, image or interwiki link without adding the page to the category, displaying the image, or adding the interwiki link to the interlanguage links. It also allows for linking to pages with titles beginning with a recognised external link prefix, such as http://

By adding a colon just inside the opening double square brackets of the link, the default behaviour of the MediaWiki software will be bypassed. It will appear as a conventional wikilink.

Examples:
 * lists this page in Category Help but  will produce a link to Category:Help


 * displays an image ( [[Image:SmilingBruce.png]] ) but  produces a link to the image


 * displays an image inline ([[Image:Go-to-file icon.png|15px]]) that is reduced in size (in this case ~200 » 15 px) but  produces a link to the image.

Font sizes
See Help:Advanced text formatting

Over-linking, under-linking
See Overlinking and underlinking.

De minimis
De minimis use of a copyrighted work is such a trivial use that the consent of the copyright owner is not required.

See De minimis.

Anchor
See template:Anchor An example is in the article on Menzies.

Consider adding:  

When naming the anchor, it's preferred to start with a capital letter. Case sensitive. Don't name it the same as a heading. Can be used in tables.

The anchor is at the "landing" place. To set it up, enter "subst" text (commonly at the end of a section heading):  ==Section heading Anchor name == 

which will be saved in the article as:

 ==Section heading == 

Non-heading link to anchor:  Anchor name  

which will be saved in the article as:

   

At the "launching off" place:
 * Within the same page as the anchor:   display text   
 * On another page:   display text   

For coding of links to anchors formatted as buttons, see under PD, copyright and CC selection (TOC).

"Sic" in reference footnote
  ERRONEOUS LETTERSour [sic]

Habour [sic]

===Put '''

-- which renders as

Put text in green serifed font
Used especially to format words from a Wikipedia article being quoted.  TEXT  

-- renders as TEXT

This template cannot be used in mainspace (the article namespace). It is not for use as wikitext markup for quotations on talk pages; use   instead.

Cheatsheet and other wiki html Help pages
WP:CHEATSHEET is a quick reference for basic wiki markup – including collapsed sections at the end and links to more in the See also section. It's also worth going through Help:Wikitext.

Wikisource has original text related to this article
 

-- which renders as on the right: →

As of
See Template:As of. Caution re writing in present tense: here

 

 

Lower case:  

Variants:
 *   → Since April 2022,
 *   → Beginning in early 2022,

Comprehensive list of cleanup tags
See Template messages/Cleanup.

Unreferenced articles cleanup
There is a project for this. Useful resources are at WikiProject Unreferenced articles (WP:UAR). Also see tags below.

Tags with messages
See Template messages.

Also see the video on how templates work (8 mins): here

A list of comment tags is here. Links in the Article-related namespace table lead to more detail, such as Cleanup, including e.g.. Also   and notices when an article or section is undergoing a major edit.

For message subjects, search here:

List of cleanup tags in Wikipedia
Table of links (only) to cleanup tags: Template:Inline cleanup tags.

Information page (also includes full list of cleanup tags): Template index/Cleanup– including inline tags.

Tags inline with article text
These are from Template index/Cleanup.

Tag for articles with no citations
See Template:Unreferenced. The template   is for articles with no references at all.

-- The template renders as:

Tag for articles needing more citations
See Template:More citations needed

The template   is for articles where there are some, but insufficient, inline citations to support the material in the article.

-- The template renders as:

Tag for sections with no citations
The template   is for individual sections that have no citations in articles that have at least one citation somewhere else.

-- The template renders as:

Tag for sections needing more citations
The template   is for articles where there are some, but insufficient, inline citations to support the material in the section.

-- The template renders as:

Tag for empty section
Template:Empty section

A bot will add the date, or it can be done manually (month+year).

 

-- which renders as:

Tag for "citation needed"
See this and others at Template:Citation needed.

This template is used to identify claims in articles, particularly if questionable, that need a citation to a reliable source.

   ←  As per Typinator

or:

 

or:

 

-- these render as shown here (roll over for expansion):

Tag for "better source needed"
See this and others at Template:Citation needed.

 

-- which renders as:

Tag for "Lead not subsequently referenced"
Template:Lead rewrite

 

-- which renders as:

Tag to create "bare URL" alert
  The tag puts the page into two categories for cleanup.

The date must be inserted by coding (as here) or manually entered since  doesn't work inside   tags.

If placed inside a citation (just before the closing c tag), the tag will not clutter the body text with "[bare URL]" but will appear in the References section.

Example: – which renders in the References section as shown here ↓ :

Tag for dead link
  produces:

Alternatively:

 

Advice in the Template:Dead link article includes:


 * Before considering whether to use the dead link template it is often useful to make a search for an archive copy of the dead link and thereby avoid using the tag altogether. All cite templates have the facility for adding archive-date and archive-url parameters for linking to an archive copy. Non-cite citations can use webarchive.


 * Using Dead link will place a note by the URL and add the article to one of the Category:Articles with dead external links categories.


 * Append this template directly after the link (after the link code's terminating if you are using wikitext), or, if you are using a cite template, directly after the cite transclusion (not inside it), but inside the reference, if any, i.e. before the, in all cases leaving the original link intact:




 * Not doing so might hinder detection by automated tools.

Tag for incomplete citations
See the Usage section in Template:Full citation needed.

Tags for "needs update"
See: Template:Update

Sentence or paragraph:   – which renders as:

  – which renders as:

  – which renders as:     ← roll-over reveals the reason

  – which renders as:     ← roll-over reveals the reason

Section:   – which renders as simulated here:

Tag for "page no. needed in reference"
  

For the plural, substitute "Pages".

"Do not use these tags to label statements which you suspect to be false. Instead, use a dispute template such as  , or move those statements to the talk page and ask for evidence."

Tag for recentism
Can be used at article or section level.

At Template:Recentism:"'Wikipedia articles are supposed to be written from a neutral point of view, regarding any relevant aspect of the topic. This also includes appropriate coverage of relevant historical information. However, articles are sometimes biased towards placing undue emphasis on recent events which may be due to a systemic bias. In such cases, this maintenance template can be used to raise awareness of that shortcoming. As with all maintenance templates (also called 'tags'), the preferred course of action is to boldly edit and fix the problem rather than slapping a tag on it.'"

Place the tag at the top of the article page if the entire article is slanted towards recent events, or at the top of the relevant section if the rest of the article properly includes relevant historical information. Use the article/section parameter to change the standard wording "article or section" to specifically refer to the article or only a section by using:

  which renders as:

or    which renders as:

Tag for ambiguous content
Example:  

-- which renders as:

Tag for confusing content
Example:  

-- which renders as: -- and when a whole section is confusing: Example:  

Tag for further explanation
Example:  

-- which renders as:

Tag for clarification needed
Example:  

-- which renders as:

Tag for overly detailed content
Example:   -- which renders as:

Tags for needing expansion
Section needs expansion:   -- which renders as:

Section needs expansion (plus details of what):   -- which renders as:

Article:   -- which renders as:

Tag for unreliable source
  produces:

Tag for user-generated content
Includes fanzine / fan sites such as Railpage.

  ← =y eliminates a question mark.

-- which renders as:

Tag for advertising
 

-- which renders as:

Tag for speculation
 

-- which renders as:

Tag for disputed or dubious statement
See Template:Disputed inline and Template:Dubious, which is milder.

Includes: "[The "dubious"] inline template helps highlight a disputed particular statement or alleged fact, in contrast to the and  templates which mark a whole article or section as disputed. This is particularly helpful when there are reliable sources supporting two or more different claims.  should not be used without also raising the issue on the talk page. When used on an article page, the word "disputed" links to Wikipedia:Disputed statement, and the article is placed in Category:Accuracy disputes or one of its dated sub-categories. This template is a more strongly worded version of , which indicates a potential dispute, most often a question about reliable sourcing for the statement/fact at issue;  indicates that at least one editor believes there is no question that the statement has a verifiability problem."

 should not be used without also raising the issue on the talk page.

Also includes links to disputed factual accuracy, accuracy + POV, disputed neutrality.

Tag for worldwide view
"Place this template following a section or statement which doesn't represent a global perspective."

See Template:Globalize for nominating country/region, whole article or section, or link to Talk page.

For an article:

  creates a panel:

or (adding a country):

 

For a section (and adding countries manually, which fixes punctuation:

  creates a panel (here with countries):

For an inline annotation:

 

creates a superscripted blue note:

Tag for failed verification
Template:Failed verification

My Typinator abbreviation: wfailedverification (includes the date via subst)

   — which produces:  plus a default roll-over tooltip.

Can also insert, within the brackets, the title of a Talk page or additional tooltip text:

 |reason=  A sentence here.

Tag according to whom ("Says who?")
  -- which renders as:

Tag for vagueness
  -- which renders as:

Tag "when?"
My Typinator abbreviation: wwhen (a bot will add the date: don't subst)

 

or:

 

-- renders as:

Tag for "sources too closely associated with the subject"
For the tag "This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral", see. See Light Railway Research Society of Australia for an example.

Tag for one-country perspective
 

--renders as:

Tag for attribution (in Commons)
This adds details in bold letters.

In the Licensing section »» Edit »» after ==== :

 

For NRM and other BY-SA licences:

 

For  "because"  licences: after end of notice (usually "... has expired", add:

   Attribution: Name       and ensure the existing closing pair of brackets  }}  follows immediately. With the NRM template, add it on the line above the template name.

For example:

Attribution: Author Name

Tag for digital retouching (in Commons)
 |source= 

Tag for subscription paywalls (padlocks)
 Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal the access restrictions of the external links included in a citation. Nota bene: access icons do not display correctly for editors who use Modern skin.

Include this in citation:  |url-access=subscription  Alternatively, with icons – add at the end of the reference, between the  }}  and the   :

Four access levels can be used (see Help:Citation Style 1): '''      : the source is only accessible via a paid subscription ("paywall"). '''
 * Lock-red-alt-2.svg : the source is only accessible via a paid subscription ("paywall").
 * -- coded as

'''      : there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views) to freely access this source. '''
 * Lock-gray-alt-2.svg : there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views) to freely access this source.
 * -- coded as

'''      : a free registration is required to access the source. '''
 * Lock-gray-alt-2.svg : a free registration is required to access the source.
 * -- coded as

      : the source is free to read for anyone (not supported by url-access) 
 * Lock-green.svg : the source is free to read for anyone (this applies in particular to articles in open access).
 * -- coded as

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, these values are attributed to a particular external link.

Reflist on a Talk page (in a panel)
Shows a references section for a talk page discussion within a bordered box:

 

See Template:reflist-talk

Separate footnotes in tables etc
See Template:Efn, especially for work-arounds for various errors.

Sometimes it is better to have separate notes in tables – i.e., separately from the main listing of footnotes. The following generates lower-case alphabetical footnotes; other options are available, including lower-case roman numerals (i, ii et seq.), which are triggered by '''. '''

1. Put this in the table (will appear as "[a]" et seq.):



2. Either add in the bottom cell of the table:



or add after the "Notes" section at the end of the article (example is a gallery; the wording of the heading can be anything):

 
 *  ==Notes to gallery photos== 

Example are in the galleries here.

Notelist on a Talk page (in a panel)
See Template:Notelist-talk for additional advice.

'''  

'''

Shows a Notes section for a talk page discussion within a bordered box, the same as "Reflist on a Talk page", above, does for references.

– which renders as:  

The tag also gathers footnotes if they have been added with.

Notes + Reflist on a Talk page (in a panel) when refn is used
In a Talk page discussion, shows both a Notes and a References section within a bordered box when refn is used:

'''  



'''

– which renders as:  



Changing width of an infobox image
See Template:Infobox Australian place.

In the infobox, use  |image_upright = 0.9 

Otherwise, try  |imagesize =280px  or  |image_size =280px 

The default 1.0 is equivalent to 220px. Other sizes:


 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;
 * &rarr;



Notes group (for simple footnotes)
 

Ensure the article includes this before the References list:

 ==Notes== 

 

Start of article (prelims): short description, dmy dates, Aust English
My Typinator abbreviation: wprelims

See Shortdesc helper.

Before the lede.

Tag for "short description"
This defines words that will outline the article in searches, including in web browsers.

 

Tag for "not to be confused with"
Use "distinguish" tag:  

--An example of the template's rendering is:

Tag for "use dmy dates"
   (Note that updating of the dmy date parameter is encouraged by the template -- to let editors and bots know when dates were audited. There is confusion about its use; the idea that the date is presented as when the specified format was first introduced is false. Its use is documented on the template, Template:Use dmy dates, including that it shows "the month and year that an editor or bot last checked the article for inconsistent date formatting and fixed any found".)

--This template renders as:  

Tag for "use Australian English"
My Typinator abbreviation: wozenglish

 

--This template renders as:  

Tag for "About"
 

Briefly:  

Example:

 

--which renders as:

''This article is about the present-day region in the Northern Territory, Australia. For the territory of Australia that existed from 1927 to 1931, see Central Australia (territory). For other uses, see Central Australia (disambiguation) .''

Tag for "In Use" notice (during long edits)
See Help:Edit conflict.

Wikipedia has an "In Use" notice in its Template namespace that people may use when editing a page over a long period of time. This may discourage other editors from editing while you are editing. Simply put inuse on an article before proceeding with a major edit, and remove the template when the editing is complete.

Tag for omission of Table of Contents
 

TOC at top and text flowing around
  

Tag for "advancing" start/end dates in infoboxes

 *  | established = July 31, 1995 


 * When e.g. dissolution is suppressed:  |dissolved = 

Notes/footnotes containing a reference
 

Two or more instances of a note in text, only one appearance in Notes section
See: WP:REFB

and: "Template:Note" in Wikisource: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Template:Note

Example of first instance: mysamenote is notional, group="note" is required:

 

Second and subsequent:

 

which produces in the Notes section:

1.  ^ a b   Text of the note I do not want to be repeated.

For subsequent instances, change the name of the group note from mysamenote group to something else.

Weblink that doesn't generate a number
The requirement is to avoid a number appearing in a weblink.

... the address can be found here: produces:

... the address can be found here:

Or referring to a Wikipedia article (note that the weblink icon isn't present):

... my draft is here produces:


 * ... my draft is here.

Weblink that retains its URL
Good for infoboxes.

http://www.natrailmuseum.org.au/ produces:

http://www.natrailmuseum.org.au/

Bulleted lists
See Template:HTML lists.

Start line with asterisk  * , which renders as:
 * 1st [asterisked] bullet item
 * 1st [asterisked] bullet item
 * et seq.

or

''' • 1st bullet item

• 2nd bullet item

• et seq. ''', which renders as:

• 1st bullet item

• 2nd bullet item

• et seq.

In Commons:  ampersand["bullet"]semi-colon 

Use Typinator abbreviation: w2bulletlists
 * Multiple-column bulleted lists

-- which renders as:

Tree lists
See Template:Tree list, including for "descendancy" charts.

Using only one level gives a form of listing in lieu of bullets.

   *    Heading (linked in this case)   

** 1st item

** 2nd item

**   3rd item (link to an article)   

*** 4th item

** 5th item

** et seq.

 

-- which renders as:


 * Heading (linked in this case)
 * 1st item
 * 2nd item
 * 3rd item (link to an article)
 * 4th item
 * 5th item
 * et seq.

Numbered lists
 , which renders as:

Unbulleted lists
Include the colon if you want to indent.

''' : 1st bullet item

2nd bullet item

et seq. ''', which renders as:


 * 1st list item

2nd list item

et seq.

Symbols
  List of XML and HTML character entity references   

Return text to margin on Talk pages (outdent, indent)
See Template:Outdent.

Indent with colons

 :::::  TEXT

Outdent with template 

Threading of replies on talk pages is done using indentation and lists. The Outdent template is used for outdenting a reply back to the margin when indentation gets too deep.

Either copy the colons and incorporate them into the outdent tag –   – or insert the number of colons –   .

--which renders as:

"Not bold" (nobold)
 TEXT  

Expandable narrative panel formatting
With heading and "Show" link (quote box):

 

-- which renders as:

Without heading (table):

''' {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0 0 1em; width:100% background:white;"
 * style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #BFBFBF; background:#F9F9F9;"
 *  Narrative here  |} '''

-- which renders as:

Floating TOC
See Floating the table of contents.

For similar formatting related to a table, see my notes on collapsed table on right with text flowing around.

TOC limit
See here, especially shortening the TOC.

"   " sets the heading level(s) for the table of contents to display. For example, set at 2:

 

Abbreviations – wiki markup tag
The  undefined  template can be used for abbreviations and acronyms; hovering over the rendered text causes a tooltip of the long form to pop up.

'''Note: Do not link, or use any other wikimarkup or HTML markup, in the meaning (popup) – only plain text. This includes simple things such as italics.'''

 SA  

Big quotation marks
 Text of quote   renders as: Text of quote

Tables
Help:Table

My notes and examples: Coding of tables in Word for wikitext.docx.

Instead of specifying a fixed width, consider using min-width or max-width instead. Never specify as pixels!

See Help:Table: "At the start of a cell, add your parameter followed by a single pipe. For example,  style="width:  300px  "|  sets that cell to a width of 300 pixels. To set more than one parameter, leave a space between each one."

Vertical alignment in cells, rather than default alignment with the vertical middle of the cell:Help:Table

Centring a table
Use CSS and set margin-left and margin-right values to "auto" (top and bottom margins can be set to whatever you want):

 style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;" 

Example: Table with more than one heading inside
Full-width heading row inside a table (see here for example with several): With a heading outside the table ("caption") above it:

Collapsible tables
Collapsed when page is opened:

 {| class="wikitable floatright mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" border= "1" style= "width:35%; font-size: 80%; float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-right:3em; margin-bottom:2em" 

Collapsible but un-collapsed when page is opened:

as above but with "mw-collapsed" removed:

 {| class="wikitable floatright mw-collapsible" border= "1" style= "width:35%; font-size: 80%; float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-right:3em; margin-bottom:2em" 

Collapsed table on right with text flowing around
See "Adelaide tram trackage after 2018 extensions" table in Tramways revival in Adelaide. Code starts off as:

 {| class="wikitable floatright mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=margin:0.5em auto; width:40%; "text-align="center; font-size:86%; margin-left:1em; margin-right:2em; margin-bottom:1em" ! colspan="10"|  

Table makes heading below it disappear
This appears to result from both "width 100%" and "float:left" being present, as in  style= "width:100%; ...; float:left;  . The browser may be trying to display the heading in a space of width 0 to the right of the table. I removed "float:left", but you can remove either style.

Collapsible and sortable columns in table
Example: table under "Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda" heading in Garratt. Starts off with:

 {|class="wikitable sortable floatleft mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" border= "1" style= "width:95%; font-size: 86%; margin-left:2em; margin-right:2em; margin-bottom:2em"  INSERT RETURN HERE ''' ! scope="col" | Class !! scope="col" | Type !! scope="col" | Qty!! scope="col" | Loco nos !! | Built !! scope="col"| Formerly!! scope="col" | Notes '''

Sortable columns (not collapsible) in table
See table table under "Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda" heading in Garratt (as above). To remove collapsible attribute, delete  floatleft mw-collapsible mw-collapsed .

Link to another wiki (e.g. in Wikimedia Commons, linking to a Wikipedia article, and so on)
See Help:Interwiki linking.

See "c:Template:W" in Wikimedia Commons.

Link from Wikipedia to Commons  


 * This is an extract from   a larger drawing   

– renders as:


 * This is an extract from a larger drawing.

Link from Commons to Wikipedia  


 * In the Wikipedia article on the  

– renders as:


 * In the Wikipedia article on the

Link to Wikibooks is  

Link to another Commons page from within Commons
These avoid the image appearing in a gigantic size, and also make the filenames clickable. Necessary especially when uploading a significantly modified version of another image.

1. On the Upload details page, go into Edit mode, then Information → Source:


 *  |source=  ← (Note the curly brackets)

– renders the filename as a clickable  Oodnadatta track.jpg 

Alternatively:


 *  |source=File:Oodnadatta track.jpg  ← (Note the preliminary colon)

– renders the filename as a clickable  File:Oodnadatta track.jpg 

2. On the Upload details page, go into Edit mode, then Information → (Free text at end of summary)


 * This is a cropped version of   

– renders:


 * This is a cropped version of  Oodnadatta track.jpg 

[Note that  Oodnadatta track.jpg  will only take you to the main page of Wikimedia Commons.]

Link to a Wikipedia article from another Wikipedia article
 name of Wikipedia article 

Link to a section in another Wikipedia article

List the main article title and the heading under which the section appears (omitting any intermediate heading(s):


 * It was a new type of  brake van  ←(note the pipe) Also, after  # , insert the heading that immediately covers the section. In the example, "Country overview" is a level 2 heading but the section we want appears under the level 3 heading, "Australia".

– renders as:


 * It was a new type of brake van

Link to a section in the same article (self link)
Remember: in Edit mode, remove "nowiki".

See Help:Self link:

"A link to a section of the same article ... should usually be written without the page name ... because this method does not cause the page to reload (if the reader initially arrived at the page via a redirect) and is thus more efficient. A useful application is links from article leads or overview sections to detail sections buried deeper in the same article."

 -- which renders as.

To eliminate the "#" character: Tips and solutions renders as Tips and solutions.

To add a section symbol to indicate it's a link to a section in the same article: -- which renders as.

Links enabled by anchors
At Anchor

Ping
See https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Notifications/Types  and   Help:Notifications

To ping someone in wiki markup, you must sign using  FOUR TILDES .

You can alert someone in the Edit summary with the same code.

Colours for fonts, panels etc
See Help:Using colours

Sample panel from the Help page:

Bold but not too black (including grey headings)
See Help:Advanced text formatting

Bold-faced text can be softened, or visually thinned, by using dark grey text, rather than black, as the text font-colour.

Example code:    One     

– which renders as:  One 

Dark grey colours – using,   and   – will appear respectively as:

One – Two – Three

Compare these against the starker contrast of the default black boldfacing results:

One – Two – Three

In Wikipedia, bold-faced text is mainly used to highlight words that are: Bold-faced text could be confusing when used in other ways, so the use of a lighter bolded text allows for this style of highlighting with less ambiguity.
 * the title of the article, repeated in the lead
 * alternative names of the article's or section's topic, that redirect to this location
 * section headings
 * table headers
 * terms in glossaries
 * and a few other special uses.

Coloured reminder text in a draft
To colour text, e.g. for a reminder on a sandbox page ("kbd" changes to monospace font):

 <span style="color:  #nnnnnn TEXT   '''

 #nnnnnn  TEXT

-- where #nnnnnn is as follows:

Red: [text – #FF0A15]

Maroon: [text – #800080]

Blue: [text – #0000DE]

Indigo: [text – #251F86]

Orange: [text – #FF740C]

Brown: [text – #9F3F1B]

Green: [text – #006628]

Grey: [text – #676767]

Black: [text – #000000]

Omit "kbd" to display as the same font as article text:

red / red

maroon / maroon

blue / blue

indigo / indigo

orange / orange

brown / brown

green / green

grey / grey

black / black.

Colours are from the colour wheel, e.g. in Pages.app or a Word doc » Font; copy the hex code.

Remember colours render differently in different web browsers.

Highlight pen effect
See Help:Using colours.

With "text in front of highlighter" coloured darkish blue:

text before   text in front of highlighter     and text after

– which renders as: text in front of highlighter

With "text in front of highlighter" not coloured:

text before   text in front of highlighter     and text after

– which renders as: text in front of highlighter

Highlighter colours:


 * blue:    #cedff2
 * lemon: #FFFF00
 * pink:    #F5D7CD
 * beige:  #ECDFBA

Block quote
In line, in body text:

 " Text " 

Coord
See Template:Coord

 °N, °W 

In the infobox, this can be used:

 °N, °W 

By default, the georeference precision is about 0.3 metres or 1/100 of a second on the equator. To show fewer digits, add parameter "prec" with a measurement of precision expressed in metres. For example, 40-metre uncertainty would be expressed as "prec=40". At the moment this parameter only affects the display of the coordinates.
 * Degree of uncertainty

At the equator, an arc-second of longitude approximately equals an arc-second of latitude, which is 1/60th of a nautical mile (or 101.27 feet or 30.87 metres). Arc-seconds of latitude remain nearly constant, while arc-seconds of longitude decrease in a trigonometric cosine-based fashion as one moves toward the earth's poles. Hence at 49 degrees latitude, an arc-second of longitude equals 30.87 metres x 0.6561 (cos 49 degrees) or 20.250 metres. Darwin (-12°): 30 metres; Alice Springs (-23°): 28 metres; Adelaide (-35°): 25 metres

Examples of uncertainty:
 * 100m uncertainty in Adelaide:  |prec=100 
 * with a 2 km uncertainty:  |prec=2000 

 

For precision of decimal places in display (1st decimal place, 11km; 2nd, 1.1 km; 3rd, 110m; 4th, 11m):
 * Wikipedia: same number as input
 * Commons: Against

Nested infoboxes
See infobox at Milang railway line.

Coding for Location SA Map Viewer references
 

For listing in the infobox, precede the above with:

 |coordinates = -26.96986°N, 133.36858°W 

Link to Manning Index of SA placenames, SLSA
Example is for "D":

 https://published.collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/placenamesofsouthaustralia/D.pdf 

IPA pronunciation coding
(  }}  )

-- which renders as, for example:

Nested collapsible boxes (containing graphic)
See "Station track layouts" box at Milang railway line.

Conversions coding
Significant figures can be controlled, e.g. by  |2 .

Note "comma=5" suppresses commas until 5 digits are reached; hence 9999 but 10,000. For simple numbers, "comma=off" can be used.

With "convert", you can specify abbreviation on/off (e.g.  |abbr=off  ); "cvt" has''  as the default.

For comprehensive info on rounding, see here.

For errors, see Help:Convert messages. See also: Template:Convert/list of units. For the master list of conversion data used by the Convert module, see here.

For adjectival expressions (i.e., hyphenated, such as "100 km-long route"), add  |adj=on  or:  30  m  -- which renders as: 30 m

Conversions, track gauges
For other track gauge (rail gauge) examples, see here.

Conversions, significant figures in
See Help:Convert.


 * "By default, the output value is rounded to adjust its precision to match that of the input. An input such as 1234 is interpreted as 1234 ± 0.5, while 1200 is interpreted as 1200 ± 50, and the output value is displayed accordingly, taking into account the scale factor used in the conversion."

If the default is not wanted, the precision of output values can be specified using:
 * (where  is a number) displays N digits after the decimal mark (round output to N decimal places).
 * (where  is a negative number) replaces N digits before the decimal mark with zero (round output to nearest 10N).
 * (where  is a positive number) to specify the number of significant digits (round output to N significant figures).
 * to round the output to the nearest multiple of 5. The  value can be 0.5, 5, 10, 25 or 50.

Examples:
 * → 1234 ft
 * → 1234 ft
 * → 1234 ft
 * → 1234 ft
 * → 1234 ft
 * → 1234 ft
 * → 1234 ft
 * → 1234 ft
 * → 1234 ft
 * → 1230 ft
 * → 1230 ft
 * → 1230 ft
 * → 5670 sqft
 * → 5670 sqft
 * → 7 x

An input value such as 5000 is assumed to have one significant figure, while 5001 has four. If wanted, "5000." can be used to specify an input number that has four significant figures.
 * → 5000 m
 * → 5000. m

Census coding
Don't enter in the infobox unless the LGA is different from previously. Enter:  | pop = 

My Typinator abbreviation: wcensus

In the  , TOWN and the surrounding area had a population of NNNN.  

-- which renders as:

In the, TOWN and the surrounding area had a population of NNNN.

The citation included is:

Fractions
 $1/2$  -- which renders as $1/2$   Example: 8$1/2$
 * Plain vanilla half:

 1 / 2 
 * Without using Unicode but reducing digit sizes:

-- which renders as 1 / 2    Example: 8 1 / 2

See https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Help:Fractions_and_functions#Fractions,_matrices,_multilines

Commonly occurring fractions in UTF-8 (start with &# -- then follow with 3 digits as below):
 * half ( 189 ): &#189; (e.g. 4 ft 8&#189; ins versus 4 ft 8$n⁄n$). (Typinator abbrev is whalf.)
 * quarter ( 188 ): &#188;
 * three-quarters ( 190 ): &#190;

Fraction in standard gauge: copy in Edit view to produce: 1435 mm (4 ft 8&#189; in) (Typinator abbrev is w1435)

Other gauges: copy in Edit view to produce:

1600 mm (5 ft 3 in) (Typinator abbrev is w1600)

1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) (Typinator abbrev is w1067).

Requesting editing of a template
after consensus reached: See Template:Edit template-protected.

Fields that update (birthdays, year)
To "turn over" on 1st January:  24 

This will return, as in this 1900 example → 0 years. To avoid the expression of a two-year range, code as:  24 .

When the exact date is known, format so that it "turns over" on that day and month each year:  24 .

Non-breaking hyphen
or

is now deprecated.

There is no point in using the alternative code, [ampersand]#8209; (see fourth bullet point at Hyphen) — a bot will end up changing it to a plain hyphen.

For compound page numbers, e.g. MRSAC, use:  as in   (note that it's a simple hyphen, not an en dash).

For soft hyphen (aka discretionary or optional hyphen) see, in the Hyphen article, Soft and hard hyphens and Unicode.

Non-breaking en dash
or

or

Spaced en dash
Includes a non-breaking space before the en dash; normally an ordinary space is typed in after it.

Code for for keyboard characters
Such as square brackets:  &amp;#91;  for opening bracket and  &amp;#93;  for closing bracket.

See Codes for keyboard characters and List of XML and HTML character entity references.

Unicode to html converter:

You can copy an emoji (e.g. from ) and paste it into this ↑ page; the hex code is created.

Spaces -- nbsp & others
From Template:Spaces

is an alias for

      produces n consecutive non-breaking spaces of the type specified by the second parameter, which in decreasing order of size is: (non-breaking space is here in the hierarchy -- same width as a standard space)
 * em
 * fig
 * en
 * thin
 * hair.

      produces a single non-breaking space of the type you specify.

If the type isn't specified, n non-breaking spaces are produced.

Examples:


 * 2 ems in first space, standard in second: Blah   blah blah.
 * Single spaces of the values of em, fig, en, standard, thin, hair: Blah   blah    blah    blah    blah    blah    blah.

This template, usually as its alias  , may be used with    and    to control line-breaking in bulletless lists in infoboxes, to prevent wrapped long entries from being confused with multiple entries. See here for details.

Also see, under the "See also" heading in the article, links to Help:Advanced text formatting and to separate template articles on these topics:
 * add inline spacing in units of px, em or ex
 * add invisible characters
 * stop the linewrapping of any part of item
 * insert five non-breaking spaces
 * indent by a specified number of spaces (with leading newline)
 * indent by five or a specified number of spaces (with no leading newline)
 * indent an entire block of content, similar to a block quotation (uses div and CSS margins)
 * add regular, breaking space.

Nowrap (no wrap)
Keeps the term intact. For example:

 2-8-4 

Line breaks (newline)
See Help:Line-break handling, especially the " or " section.

" the rather common form  causes this incorrect display in some of them, and is thus better avoided for the time being. Please correct invalid occurrences – such as, , or  – to  as you encounter them, though preferably as a part of a more substantive edit."

Also: "For content that is semantically a list, such as in infoboxes, actual list markup is preferred."

For line breaks in lists, which should not be separated with blank space (WP:LISTGAP), and on Talk pages, use ''' ''' as follows:

 

This makes the paragraphs more noticeable in Edit view.

Pointing finger
 &#9758 ;   

-- which renders as: &#9758;

Organisation charts
A good example, all by hwiki markup, is in the article on Viterra.

Honorifics, post-nominals, honours
 

-- which renders as:

Signature
My Typinator abbreviation: wsignoff ← includes "Cheers, Simon" and date+time

Or copy this: