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Subdivisions of Belgium
🇧🇪 Subdivisions of Belgium
 * 3 communities
 * 3 regions
 * 4 language areas
 * 10 provinces
 * 27 judicial arrondissements
 * 43 administrative arrondissements
 * 189 police zones
 * 208 electoral cantons
 * 225 judicial cantons
 * 589 municipalities
 * ? municipality sections (incl. 9 districts)

Open Vld

 * 1992–1995 Guy Verhofstadt
 * 1995–1997 Herman De Croo
 * 1997–1999 Guy Verhofstadt
 * 1999–2004 Karel De Gucht
 * 2004 Dirk Sterckx

In June 2009, Bart Somers resigned as VLD chairman (following 2009 Flemish elections). Guy Verhofstadt becomes interim chairman.

In October 2012, Alexander De Croo becomes Deputy Prime Minister. Vincent Van Quickenborne becomes interim chairman.

Early elections (Rutten as only candidate):

Flemish elections
From Template:Scottish Parliament election results graph (percentage)

Ratification of treaties by Belgium
Since the state reform of 1993, Belgium is officially a federal state, with powers given exclusively to either the federal State, the Communities or the Regions. Remarkably, as article 167 of the Constitution specifies, the ius tractandi (right to conclude treaties) has been given to these federated entities as well, and both the federal government and the several federated entities each are allowed to conclude treaties concerning their respective legislative powers ("exclusive treaties"). This means e.g. that only Communities can conclude treaties concerning education, without any interference by the federal government. However, when dealing with treaties concerning powers of multiple entities ("mixed treaties"), all the concerned entities must ratify that treaty.

In essence, "Community Powers" are given to the Flemish Community, French Community and the German-speaking Community whereas "Region Powers" are given to the Flemish Region, Walloon Region and the Brussels-Capital Region. However,
 * (making use of Article 137 of the Constitution) the Flemish Community and Region have merged their institutions, so there is one Flemish Parliament but it still has to vote separately for Community and Region Powers, especially for treaties.
 * in the Brussels-Capital Region, some Community powers are exercised by the Common Community Commission, of which the United Assembly is identical in composition to the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region.
 * (making use of Article 138 of the Constitution) the French Community has devolved powers to the Walloon Region and the French Community Commission in Brussels. The latter is composed of the majority of the Brussels Regional Parliament.
 * the Flemish Community Commission does not have legislative power and remained an executive branch of the Flemish Community.
 * (making use of Article 139 of the Constitution) the Walloon Region has devolved certain Region powers to the German-speaking Community, but they do not have to vote separately since it concerns the same area and population.

Taking this into account, to ratify a "mixed treaty" concerning entire Belgium, the following assemblies have to ratify it:
 * On the (bicameral) federal level, the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate.
 * The Flemish Parliament, separately for Community and Region powers.
 * The Walloon Parliament, separately for Region and Community powers.
 * The Parliament of the French Community, for Community powers.
 * The Parliament of the German-speaking Community, for Community (and Region) powers.
 * The Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region, for Region powers.
 * The United Assembly of the Common Community Commission (of Brussels), for Community powers.
 * The Assembly of the French Community Commission (of Brussels; informally "French-speaking Brussels Parliament"), for Community powers.

A working group "mixed treaties" (as part of the Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs) decides which competences a certain treaty touches, so in which way the treaty is considered to be "mixed", and the working group also decides on the composition of the Belgian delegation to the treaty negotiations.


 * http://www.lne.be/themas/beleid/internationaal/multilateraal-milieubeleid/multilaterale-verdragen/hoe-verloopt-de-verdragsprocedure
 * http://www.vlaanderen.be/int/artikel/internationale-verdragsbevoegdheid-vlaanderen
 * http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/05/236905.pdf
 * http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/change_lg.pl?language=nl&la=N&cn=1994030842&table_name=wet 8 MAART 1994. - SAMENWERKINGSAKKOORD Tussen de federale overheid, de Gemeenschappen en de Gewesten over de nadere regelen voor het sluiten van gemengde verdragen.

Parliaments
Interesting how few or how many representatives some countries have to "represent" the people.

Places
Armboutskappel · Arneke · Bambeke · Bavinkhove · Belle · Berten · Bieren · Bissezele · Blaringem · Boeschepe · Boezegem · Bollezele · Borre · Bourbourg · Bray-Dunes · Broekkerke · Broksele · Buisscheure · Drinkam · Duinkerke · Ebblingem · Eke · Ekelsbeke · Eringem · Gijvelde · Godewaarsvelde · Grand-Fort-Philippe · Grevelingen · Groot-Sinten · Hardefoort · Haverskerke · Hazebroek · Herzele · Holke · Hondegem · Hondschote · Hooimille · Houtkerke · Kaaster · Kapelle · Kapellebroek · Kassel · Killem · Koudekerke-Dorp · Kraaiwijk · Krochte · Kwaadieper · La Gorgue · Lederzele · Ledringem · Leffrinkhoeke · Linde · Loberge · Loon-Plage · Meregem · Merkegem · Merris · Meteren · Millam · Moerbeke · De Moeren · Niepkerke · Nieuw-Berkijn · Nieuw-Koudekerke · Nieuwerleet · Noordpene · Ochtezele · Okselare · Oostkappel · Oud-Berkijn · Oudezele · Pitgam · Pradeels · Rekspoede · Rubroek · Ruisscheure · Sint-Janskappel · Sint-Joris · Sint-Mariakappel · Sint-Momelijn · Sint-Pietersbroek · Sint-Silvesterkappel · Sint-Winoksbergen · Soks · Spijker · Stapel · Steenbeke · Steenvoorde · Steenwerk · Stegers · Stene · Strazele · Terdegem · Tetegem · Tienen · Uksem · Vleteren · Volkerinkhove · Waalskappel · Warrem · Waten · Wemaarskappel · Westkappel · Wilder · Winnezele · Wormhout · Wulverdinge · Zegerskappel · Zerkel · Zermezele · Zoeterstee · Zuidkote · Zuidpene

Belgian municipalites
Flanders

Wallonia

Brussels

Flanders

Timeline
I don't have much experience with these timelines... But I'm trying.