User:Seth Whales/Sandbox7

5WA was a British Broadcasting Company (later BBC) radio station which broadcast from Cardiff, Wales, between 1923 and 1927.

"A plaque commemorating the first public broadcast in Wales on 13 February 1923, from the radio station 5WA, an indirect ancestor of BBC Radio Wales. It broadcast from a tiny studio at the former Castle Picture Theatre." from https://www.thecastleemporium.co.uk/the-history

Birmingham was the first British city outside London to have a radio service from the newly formed British Broadcasting Company, with 5IT starting regular broadcasting from its Witton base at 17:00 on 15 November 1922, one day after 2LO started daily BBC broadcasting from London  and one hour before the 18:00 launch of Manchester's 2ZY. 5IT pioneered many innovations in early broadcasting, launching Children's Hour in 1922, developing sophisticated methods of programme control and employing the first full-time announcers in 1923. The station's first announcer on its opening night was its general manager Percy Edgar, who was to be the dominant figure in Birmingham broadcasting and the BBC's most influential regional director until his retirement in 1948.

5IT moved its studios from Witton to a former cinema in New Street in 1923, moving again in 1926 to a completely new building in Broad Street with two studios – one of the largest the country, if not Europe. The Broad Street studios now controlled and made programmes for a region stretching across central England from The Potteries to Norfolk.

From 21 August 1927 the low-powered city station 5IT was replaced by the 5GB (the BBC Midland Region) – the first of the BBC's regional services – broadcast from the new high powered Daventry transmitting station at Borough Hill near Daventry.

Cardiff claims to have the largest concentration of castles of any city in the world. As well as Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch, there is also the ruined Llandaff Bishop's Palace, also known as Llandaff Castle, which was the home of the medieval bishops, which was destroyed about 1403–1404 by the Welsh leader Owain Glyndŵr. Now only the ruined gatehouse remains. Not strictly a castle in the historical sense, St Fagans Castle is a preserved 17th-century manor house, once the seat of the Earls of Plymouth. In addition, there have been four motte-and-bailey castles in Cardiff, the ruined Morganstown Castle Mound in Morganstown, Twmpath Castle in Rhiwbina, and Caer Castell in Rumney, and lastly the former Treoda Castle Mound in Whitchurch which was completely removed by a housing development in the 1960s.

https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/resident/Planning/Documents/Scheduled%20Monuments%20%20-%20Eng.pdf http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/Welshsites/430.html https://ancientmonuments.uk/130566-morganstown-castle-mound-radyr-and-morganstown#.YpxoXoPMLy8

http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/Welshsites/412.html LLANDAFF BISHOPS PALACE

Parc Cefn Onn
 * https://www.cardiffnewsroom.co.uk/releases/c25/22669.html#:~:text=The%20land%20now%20known%20as,the%20death%20of%20his%20wife.
 * https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/parkgarden/FullReport?lang=&id=211
 * http://www.cardiffparks.org.uk/otheropenspaces/cefnonn/info/index.shtml
 * http://www.friendsofcefnonn.org.uk/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/History-of-Parc-Cefn-Onn-updated-May-2017-FINAL.pdf
 * https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tragic-story-behind-popular-cardiff-16622663. Cefn Onn factfile:
 * The name Cefn Onn means "ridge of ash trees"
 * It is more than 30 acres in size
 * The tree collection includes Dawn Redwoods (28m high) and a Grand Fir (48m)
 * The park and surrounding lands were bought by Cardiff council in 1944 for £7,500.
 * In 2016, it was given a £459,000 grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund
 * https://www.geograph.org.uk/of/cefn+onn
 * https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/301655

The bridge measures 43m long between land piers, with an overall length of 61m, by 3.5m wide between the parapet walls. The bridge, built of squared and coursed sandstone, has two segmental ribbed arches, each with a span of 18.4m


 * https://www.bridgesonthetyne.co.uk/warkold.html Warkworth Old Bridge
 * https://www.warkworthvillagenorthumberland.co.uk/index_htm_files/Warkworth%20Bridges.pdf Warkworth Bridges
 * https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/stunning-14th-century-bridge-head-8121223

Warkworth Bridge, also known as Warkworth Old Bridge or the Warkworth Medieval Bridge, and its fortified gateway bridge tower is a double-arch stone footbridge, which spans the River Coquet at Warkworth in Northumberland, England. Both the gateway tower, called the Bridge Head Tower and the bridge itself have statutory protection as a scheduled ancient monument and are grade II listed structures. Both structures were built in the late 14th century. Historic England believe that it is the only remaining fortified bridge left in England. A new bridge was constructed and opened on 8th July 1965, which today carries the main A1068 road, and is known as the Warkworth New Bridge.

Warkworth Bridge
When John Cook of Newcastle died in 1379 he left the sum of 20 marks, or about GB£14, towards the building of a new bridge at Warkworth, on the one condition it was built within two years, otherwise the money would go towards a bridge over the River Tyne at Bywell. It is also possible that Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland also provided some of the funding towards the cost of construction.

There may also be evidence that this bridge replaced an even earlier stone arched bridge on the same site, but it is also unclear why that earlier bridge had to be replaced. Documentary evidence shows that wardens were in charge of the bridge from at least the 15th century.

Historic England believe that the bridge is the last remaining fortified bridge still standing in England. The bridge is one of only two fortified bridges in the whole of Great Britain, the other being Monnow Bridge in Monmouth. The bridge has been closed to vehicular traffic since the 1960s but is still open to pedestrians.

Warkworth Bridge Head Tower


The Bridge Head Tower was a gated tollbooth The bridge tower at the southern end originally funnelled all traffic through the arch in its lower storey, which was also gated. This end of the bridge was later widened, presumably to ease congestion under the arch. The bridge tower has a guard chamber on the west side, and there was a room at first floor level, complete with windows allowing an outlook in all four directions. The upper storey is now little more than a roofless ruin, with the walls reduced nearly as far as the base of the windows. It would seem that once the bridge was built it was continuously manned, under the supervision of a custodian, until some time in the 1700s.





History
The first dartboards looked like a small archery target and were made of wood which were cut from the end of a tree-trunk from either an elm or a poplar tree. its circular shape and concentric rings giving rise to the standard dartboard pattern in use today. An older name for a dartboard is "butt"; the word comes from the French word but, meaning "target" or "goal". These dartboards were home-made by carpenters and wireworkers for their local pubs. Before the 1920s there was no major dartboard manufacturer in England.

Most regions of the United Kingdom at some time had their own version of dartboard. However, the person acknowledged as inventing the modern standard order of numbers on a dartboard (from the top position going clockwise: 20, 1, 18, 4, 13, 6, 10, 15, 2, 17, 3, 19, 7, 16, 8, 11, 14, 9, 12, 5) is Brian Gamlin. Gamlin was from Bury, and was both a carpenter and a showman. The dartboard was designed in 1896, so that big numbers were placed next to small ones, and therefore rewarding accuracy but punishing inaccuracy. However, there is no evidence that Gamlin ever existed. Darts historian Patrick Chaplin believes that the man responsible for the modern standard order of numbers on a dartboard was a Leeds wireworker Thomas Buckle, who designed the sequence in about 1912.

In 1935, chemist Ted Leggatt and pub owner Frank Dabbs began using the century plant, a type of agave, to make dartboards. Small bundles of sisal fibres of the same length were bundled together. The bundles were then compressed into a disk and bound with a metal ring. This new dartboard was an instant success. It was more durable and required little maintenance. Furthermore, darts did little or no damage to the board; they simply parted the packed fibres when they entered the board.

Types of dartboards

 * London dartboard — This is now the traditional dartboard that is played all over the world.
 * Yorkshire or doubles dartboard — This dartboard has not have triples, or the outer bull (also known as the iris or half bull).
 * Tonbridge (or Sevenoaks League) dartboard — Used in the Tonbridge and Sevenoaks areas of Kent, England. The double ring is the triple ring. It has no outer bullseye. The double is a small triangular sections inside the triple ring.
 * Staffordshire or Burton dartboard —
 * East End dartboard (also known as the Fives dartboard or the East End Fives dartboard) —
 * Manchester or Log–End dartboard — 4, 20, 1, 16, 6, 17, 8, 12, 9, 14, 5, 19, 2, 15, 3, 18, 7, 11, 10, 13. (http://darts-uk.co.uk/Manchester.html)
 * Lincoln dartboard —
 * Kent (double) dartboard —
 * Irish black dartboard —
 * Champions Choice dartboard —
 * Uadro dartboard —
 * Bath dartboard —
 * Grimsby dartbpard —
 * Norfolk dartboard —
 * Club or tournament dartboard —


 * https://www.darts501.com/Dartboards_Other.html