User:Spesh531/sandbox/1923 Major League Baseball season

1923 MLB season
1923 MLB season
League	American League; National League; Negro National League; Eastern Colored League
Sport	Baseball
Duration	April 17 – October 15, 1923
Number of games	154 (AL, NL); 53–86 (NNL); 33–59 (ECL)
Number of teams	8 (AL, NL, NNL); 6 (ECL)
American League
AL champions	New York Yankees
Runners-up	Detroit Tigers
Season MVP	AL: Babe Ruth (NYY)
National League
NL champions	New York Giants
Runners-up	Cincinnati Reds
World Series
Champions	New York Yankees
Runners-up	New York Giants
Negro National League
NNL champions	Kansas City Monarchs
Runners-up	Chicago American Giants
Eastern Colored League
ECL champions	Hilldale Club
Runners-up	Cuban Stars (East)
Colored World Series
Champions	Kansas City Monarchs
Runners-up	Hilldale Club
MLB seasons
	← 1922 1924 →

Red Sox

White Sox

Indians

Tigers

Athletics

Browns

Yankees

Senators

Locations of teams for the 1923–1931 American League seasons

American League

Braves

Robins

Cubs

Reds

Giants

Phillies

Pirates

Cardinals

Locations of teams for the 1920–1931 National League seasons

National League

American Giants

Stars

ABCs

Monarchs

Bears

Stars

Tigers

Locations of teams for the 1923 Negro National League season

Negro National League
Traveling team: Cuban Stars (West)

Bacharach Giants

Black Sox

Royal Giants

Hilldale

Lincoln Giants

Locations of teams for the 1923 Eastern Colored League season

Eastern Colored League
Traveling team: Cuban Stars (East)

The 1923 major league baseball season began on April 17, 1923. The regular season ended on October 7, with the New York Giants and New York Yankees as the regular season champions of the National League and American League, respectively. The postseason began with Game 1 of the 20th World Series on October 10 and ended with Game 6 on October 15. In the third consecutive iteration of the Subway Series, the Yankees defeated the Giants, four games to two.

The Negro National League and Eastern Colored League seasons would be contested from April to September (exact dates are unknown due to poor record keeping) with the Kansas City Monarchs and Hilldale Club as pennant winners, respectively.

This was the second of eight seasons that "League Awards", a precursor to the Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (introduced in 1931), were issued. Only an American League award was given in 1923.

Major League Baseball officially designated the Negro National League and Eastern Colored League as major leagues on December 16, 2020.^[1]

PLEASE NOTE: INFOBOX INCLUDES 1924 COLORED WORLD SERIES FOR THE SAKE OF FORMATTING. THE ACTUAL 1923 PAGE WOULD NOT HAVE THIS.

Teams w/ shaded Leagues[edit]

An asterisk (*) denotes the departure from a ballpark mid-season.

League	Team	City	Stadium	Capacity	Manager
American League	Boston Red Sox	Boston, Massachusetts	Fenway Park	35,000	Frank Chance
	Chicago White Sox	Chicago, Illinois	Comiskey Park	28,000	Kid Gleason
	Cleveland Indians	Cleveland, Ohio	Dunn Field	21,414	Tris Speaker
	Detroit Tigers	Detroit, Michigan	Navin Field	30,000	Ty Cobb
	New York Yankees	New York, New York	Yankee Stadium	58,000	Miller Huggins
	Philadelphia Athletics	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Shibe Park	23,000	Connie Mack
	St. Louis Browns	St. Louis, Missouri	Sportsman's Park	24,040	Lee Fohl, Jimmy Austin
	Washington Senators	Washington, D.C.	Griffith Stadium	27,000	Donie Bush
National League	Boston Braves	Boston, Massachusetts	Braves Field	40,000	Fred Mitchell
	Brooklyn Robins	New York, New York	Ebbets Field	30,000	Wilbert Robinson
	Chicago Cubs	Chicago, Illinois	Cubs Park	20,000	Bill Killefer
	Cincinnati Reds	Cincinnati, Ohio	Redland Field	20,696	Pat Moran
	New York Giants	New York, New York	Polo Grounds	43,000	John McGraw
	Philadelphia Phillies	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Baker Bowl	18,000	Art Fletcher
	Pittsburgh Pirates	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Forbes Field	25,000	Bill McKechnie
	St. Louis Cardinals	St. Louis, Missouri	Sportsman's Park	24,040	Branch Rickey
Negro National League	Chicago American Giants	Chicago, Illinois	Schorling's Park	15,000	Rube Foster
	Cuban Stars (West)	Traveling team, no home ballpark			Tinti Molina
	Detroit Stars	Detroit, Michigan	Mack Park	6,000	Bruce Petway
	Indianapolis ABCs	Indianapolis, Indiana	Washington Park	20,000	Dizzy Dismukes
	Kansas City Monarchs	Kansas City, Missouri	Muehlebach Field Association Park*	17,476 Unknown	Sam Crawford, José Méndez
	Milwaukee Bears	Milwaukee, Wisconsin	Borchert Park	4,800	Pete Hill
	St. Louis Stars	St. Louis, Missouri	Stars Park	10,000	Joe Hewitt, Candy Jim Taylor
	Toledo Tigers	Toledo, Ohio	Swayne Field	11,800	Dicta Johnson, Candy Jim Taylor
Eastern Colored League	Atlantic City Bacharach Giants	Atlantic City, New Jersey	Bacharach Park	4,400	Dick Lundy
	Baltimore Black Sox	Baltimore, Maryland	Maryland Park	Unknown	Louis Miller, Anthony Mahoney, Blainey Hall
	Brooklyn Royal Giants	New York, New York	Dexter Park	Unknown	Eddie Douglass
	Cuban Stars (East)	Traveling team, no home ballpark			Pelayo Chacón
	Hilldale Club	Yeadon, Pennsylvania	Hilldale Park	8,000	John Henry Lloyd
	New York Lincoln Giants	New York, New York	Catholic Protectory Oval	Unknown	Joe Williams

Schedule[edit]

The 1923 schedule consisted of 154 games for all teams in the American League and National League, each of which had eight teams. Each team was scheduled to play 22 games against the other seven teams of their respective league. This continued the format put in place since the 1904 season (except for 1919) and would be used until 1961 in the American League and 1962 in the National League.

National League Opening Day took place on April 17 with all teams playing, while American League Opening Day took place the following day with all teams playing. The final day of the regular season was on October 7. The World Series took place between October 10 and October 15.

Due to poor record keeping, the exact dates played for the Negro National League and Eastern Colored League are unknown. Both leagues would see an inconsistent number of games played for each team. The Negro National League teams (that did not fold mid-season) saw between 53 and 86 non-exhibition in-league games played, while the Eastern Colored League saw between 33 and 59 non-exhibition in-league games played. Both leagues saw teams play a number of games against major-league tiered independent teams, increasing their game totals to 62 and 98 for Negro National League teams, and 40 and 61 for Eastern Colored League teams.

Standings[edit]

American League[edit]

v t e American League	W	L	Pct.	GB	Home	Road
New York Yankees	98	54	0.645	—	46–30	52–24
Detroit Tigers	83	71	0.539	16	45–32	38–39
Cleveland Indians	82	71	0.536	16½	42–36	40–35
Washington Senators	75	78	0.490	23½	43–34	32–44
St. Louis Browns	74	78	0.487	24	40–36	34–42
Philadelphia Athletics	69	83	0.454	29	34–41	35–42
Chicago White Sox	69	85	0.448	30	30–45	39–40
Boston Red Sox	61	91	0.401	37	37–40	24–51

National League[edit]

v t e National League	W	L	Pct.	GB	Home	Road
New York Giants	95	58	0.621	—	47–30	48–28
Cincinnati Reds	91	63	0.591	4½	46–32	45–31
Pittsburgh Pirates	87	67	0.565	8½	47–30	40–37
Chicago Cubs	83	71	0.539	12½	46–31	37–40
St. Louis Cardinals	79	74	0.516	16	42–35	37–39
Brooklyn Robins	76	78	0.494	19½	37–40	39–38
Boston Braves	54	100	0.351	41½	22–55	32–45
Philadelphia Phillies	50	104	0.325	45½	20–55	30–49

Negro National League[edit]

vs. Negro National League					vs. Major Black Teams
Negro National League	W	L	Pct.	GB	W	L	T	Pct.
Kansas City Monarchs	54	32	.628	—	61	37	0	.622
Chicago American Giants	39	24	.619	3½	48	29	1	.622
Detroit Stars	39	27	.591	5	41	30	0	.577
Indianapolis ABCs	44	32	.579	5	51	33	0	.607
Cuban Stars (West)	24	33	.421	15½	27	35	0	.435
St. Louis Stars	29	43	.403	18	32	48	1	.401
Toledo Tigers†	10	17	.370	14½	10	17	0	.370
Milwaukee Bears	11	42	.208	26½	14	52	1	.216

†Toledo Tigers folded in July. The independent Cleveland Tate Stars returned to the NNL as an associate member to finish the Tigers' schedule. The team was not considered a full member of the NNL.

Eastern Colored League[edit]

vs. Eastern Colored League						vs. Major Black Teams
Eastern Colored League	W	L	T	Pct.	GB	W	L	T	Pct.
Hilldale Club	37	21	1	.636	—	40	21	1	.653
Cuban Stars (East)	22	16	0	.579	5	22	16	0	.579
Brooklyn Royal Giants	16	16	1	.500	8	16	16	1	.500
Atlantic City Bacharach Giants	23	25	1	.480	9	28	30	1	.483
New York Lincoln Giants	17	23	0	.425	11	18	23	0	.439
Baltimore Black Sox	19	33	1	.368	15	23	35	1	.398

Independent teams[edit]

A loose confederation of teams existed that were not part of either established Negro League.

vs. All Teams
Independent Clubs	W	L	T	Pct.	GB
Memphis Red Sox	15	7	0	.682	—
Cleveland Tate Stars	15	16	1	.484	4½
Washington Potomacs	14	19	0	.424	6½
Harrisburg Giants	5	7	0	.417	5
Birmingham Black Barons	16	25	4	.400	8½

Postseason[edit]

Bracket[edit]

World Series

AL	New York Yankees	4

NL	New York Giants	2

Managerial changes[edit]

Off-season[edit]

Team	Former GM	Reason For Leaving	New GM	Notes
Boston Red Sox	Hugh Duffy	Unknown	Frank Chance
Indianapolis ABCs	Ben Taylor	Unknown	Dizzy Dismukes	Player-manager
Philadelphia Phillies	Kaiser Wilhelm	Unknown	Art Fletcher
St. Louis Stars	Bill Gatewood	Unknown	Joe Hewitt	Player-manager
Washington Senators	Clyde Milan	Unknown	Donie Bush

In-season[edit]

Team	Former GM	Reason For Leaving	New GM	Notes
Baltimore Black Sox	Louis Miller	Unknown	Anthony Mahoney	Player-manager
Baltimore Black Sox	Anthony Mahoney	Unknown	Blainey Hall	Player-manager
Kansas City Monarchs	Sam Crawford	Unknown	José Méndez	Player-manager
St. Louis Browns	Lee Fohl	Fired	Jimmy Austin	Player-manager
St. Louis Stars	Joe Hewitt	Left St. Louis for Milwaukee Bears	Candy Jim Taylor	Player-manager
Toledo Tigers	Dicta Johnson	Unknown	Candy Jim Taylor	Player-manager

League leaders (v.1/current format)[edit]

American League[edit]

Hitting leaders
Stat	Player	Total
AVG	Harry Heilmann (DET)	.403
HR	Babe Ruth (NYY)	41
RBI	Babe Ruth (NYY) Tris Speaker (CLE)	130
R	Babe Ruth (NYY)	151
H	Charlie Jamieson (CLE)	222
SB	Eddie Collins (CWS)	48

Pitching leaders
Stat	Player	Total
W	George Uhle (CLE)	26
L	Herman Pillette (DET) Eddie Rommel (PHA)	19
ERA	Stan Coveleski (CLE)	2.76
K	Walter Johnson (WSH)	130
IP	George Uhle (CLE)	357.2
SV	Allen Russell (WSH)	9

National League[edit]

Hitting leaders
Stat	Player	Total
AVG	Rogers Hornsby (SLC)	.384
HR	Cy Williams (PHP)	41
RBI	Irish Meusel (NYG)	125
R	Ross Youngs (NYG)	121
H	Frankie Frisch (NYG)	223
SB	Max Carey (PIT)	51

Pitching leaders
Stat	Player	Total
W	Dolf Luque (CIN)	27
L	Wilbur Cooper (PIT)	19
ERA	Dolf Luque (CIN)	1.93
K	Dazzy Vance (BKN)	197
IP	Burleigh Grimes (BKN)	327.0
SV	Claude Jonnard (NYG)	7

Negro National League[edit]

Hitting leaders
Stat	Player	Total
AVG	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC)	.406
HR	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC) Candy Jim Taylor (TOL/SLS)	20
RBI	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC)	120
R	Heavy Johnson (KC)	91
H	Heavy Johnson (KC)	152
SB	Oscar Charleston (IND)	25

¹ Negro National National League Triple Crown batting winner

Pitching leaders
Stat	Player	Total
W	Bullet Rogan (KC)	16
L	Joe Strong (MIL/CAG)	15
ERA	Ed Rile (CAG)	2.53
K	Bullet Rogan (KC)	151
IP	Bullet Rogan (KC)	248.1
SV	Andy Cooper (DES)	6

Eastern Colored League[edit]

Hitting leaders
Stat	Player	Total
AVG	Biz Mackey (HIL)	.423
HR	George Johnson (HIL)	8
RBI	George Johnson (HIL)	46
R	Otto Briggs (HIL)	52
H	Biz Mackey (HIL)	77
SB	George Johnson (HIL)	13

Pitching leaders
Stat	Player	Total
W	Rats Henderson (AC) Nip Winters (HIL)	10
L	Rats Henderson (AC)	10
ERA	Nip Winters (HIL)	2.36
K	Rats Henderson (AC)	100
IP	Rats Henderson (AC)	152.2
SV	Nip Winters (HIL)	3

League leaders (v.2/combined current format; not separate hitting and pitching boxes)[edit]

American League[edit]

Hitting leaders			Pitching leaders
Stat	Player	Total	Stat	Player	Total
AVG	Harry Heilmann (DET)	.403	W	George Uhle (CLE)	26
HR	Babe Ruth (NYY)	41	L	Herman Pillette (DET) Eddie Rommel (PHA)	19
RBI	Babe Ruth (NYY) Tris Speaker (CLE)	130	ERA	Stan Coveleski (CLE)	2.76
R	Babe Ruth (NYY)	151	K	Walter Johnson (WSH)	130
H	Charlie Jamieson (CLE)	222	IP	George Uhle (CLE)	357.2
SB	Eddie Collins (CWS)	48	SV	Allen Russell (WSH)	9

National League[edit]

Hitting leaders			Pitching leaders
Stat	Player	Total	Stat	Player	Total
AVG	Rogers Hornsby (SLC)	.384	W	Dolf Luque (CIN)	27
HR	Cy Williams (PHP)	41	L	Wilbur Cooper (PIT)	19
RBI	Irish Meusel (NYG)	125	ERA	Dolf Luque (CIN)	1.93
R	Ross Youngs (NYG)	121	K	Dazzy Vance (BKN)	197
H	Frankie Frisch (NYG)	223	IP	Burleigh Grimes (BKN)	327.0
SB	Max Carey (PIT)	51	SV	Claude Jonnard (NYG)	7

Negro National League[edit]

Hitting leaders			Pitching leaders
Stat	Player	Total	Stat	Player	Total
AVG	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC)	.406	W	Bullet Rogan (KC)	16
HR	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC) Candy Jim Taylor (TOL/SLS)	20	L	Joe Strong (MIL/CAG)	15
RBI	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC)	120	ERA	Ed Rile (CAG)	2.53
R	Heavy Johnson (KC)	91	K	Bullet Rogan (KC)	151
H	Heavy Johnson (KC)	152	IP	Bullet Rogan (KC)	248.1
SB	Oscar Charleston (IND)	25	SV	Andy Cooper (DES)	6

¹ Negro National National League Triple Crown batting winner

Eastern Colored League[edit]

Hitting leaders			Pitching leaders
Stat	Player	Total	Stat	Player	Total
AVG	Biz Mackey (HIL)	.423	W	Rats Henderson (AC) Nip Winters (HIL)	10
HR	George Johnson (HIL)	8	L	Rats Henderson (AC)	10
RBI	George Johnson (HIL)	46	ERA	Nip Winters (HIL)	2.36
R	Otto Briggs (HIL)	52	K	Rats Henderson (AC)	100
H	Biz Mackey (HIL)	77	IP	Rats Henderson (AC)	152.2
SB	George Johnson (HIL)	13	SV	Nip Winters (HIL)	3

League leaders (v.3/single table)[edit]

	American League		National League		Negro National League		Eastern Colored League
Stat	Player	Total	Player	Total	Player	Total	Player	Total
AVG	Harry Heilmann (DET)	.403	Rogers Hornsby (SLC)	.384	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC)	.406	Biz Mackey (HIL)	.423
HR	Babe Ruth (NYY)	41	Cy Williams (PHP)	41	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC) Candy Jim Taylor (TOL/SLS)	20	George Johnson (HIL)	8
RBI	Babe Ruth (NYY) Tris Speaker (CLE)	130	Irish Meusel (NYG)	125	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC)	120	George Johnson (HIL)	46
R	Babe Ruth (NYY)	151	Ross Youngs (NYG)	121	Heavy Johnson (KC)	91	Otto Briggs (HIL)	52
H	Charlie Jamieson (CLE)	222	Frankie Frisch (NYG)	223	Heavy Johnson (KC)	152	Biz Mackey (HIL)	77
SB	Eddie Collins (CWS)	48	Max Carey (PIT)	51	Oscar Charleston (IND)	25	George Johnson (HIL)	13
W	George Uhle (CLE)	26	Dolf Luque (CIN)	27	Bullet Rogan (KC)	16	Rats Henderson (AC) Nip Winters (HIL)	10
L	Herman Pillette (DET) Eddie Rommel (PHA)	19	Wilbur Cooper (PIT)	19	Joe Strong (MIL/CAG)	15	Rats Henderson (AC)	10
ERA	Stan Coveleski (CLE)	2.76	Dolf Luque (CIN)	1.93	Ed Rile (CAG)	2.53	Nip Winters (HIL)	2.36
K	Walter Johnson (WSH)	130	Dazzy Vance (BKN)	197	Bullet Rogan (KC)	151	Rats Henderson (AC)	100
IP	George Uhle (CLE)	357.2	Burleigh Grimes (BKN)	327.0	Bullet Rogan (KC)	248.1	Rats Henderson (AC)	152.2
SV	Allen Russell (WSH)	9	Claude Jonnard (NYG)	7	Andy Cooper (DES)	6	Nip Winters (HIL)	3

¹ Negro National National League Triple Crown batting winner

League leaders (v.4/single table with section headers)[edit]

	American League		National League		Negro National League		Eastern Colored League
Stat	Player	Total	Player	Total	Player	Total	Player	Total
Hitting leaders
AVG	Harry Heilmann (DET)	.403	Rogers Hornsby (SLC)	.384	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC)	.406	Biz Mackey (HIL)	.423
HR	Babe Ruth (NYY)	41	Cy Williams (PHP)	41	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC) Candy Jim Taylor (TOL/SLS)	20	George Johnson (HIL)	8
RBI	Babe Ruth (NYY) Tris Speaker (CLE)	130	Irish Meusel (NYG)	125	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC)	120	George Johnson (HIL)	46
R	Babe Ruth (NYY)	151	Ross Youngs (NYG)	121	Heavy Johnson (KC)	91	Otto Briggs (HIL)	52
H	Charlie Jamieson (CLE)	222	Frankie Frisch (NYG)	223	Heavy Johnson (KC)	152	Biz Mackey (HIL)	77
SB	Eddie Collins (CWS)	48	Max Carey (PIT)	51	Oscar Charleston (IND)	25	George Johnson (HIL)	13
Pitching leaders
W	George Uhle (CLE)	26	Dolf Luque (CIN)	27	Bullet Rogan (KC)	16	Rats Henderson (AC) Nip Winters (HIL)	10
L	Herman Pillette (DET) Eddie Rommel (PHA)	19	Wilbur Cooper (PIT)	19	Joe Strong (MIL/CAG)	15	Rats Henderson (AC)	10
ERA	Stan Coveleski (CLE)	2.76	Dolf Luque (CIN)	1.93	Ed Rile (CAG)	2.53	Nip Winters (HIL)	2.36
K	Walter Johnson (WSH)	130	Dazzy Vance (BKN)	197	Bullet Rogan (KC)	151	Rats Henderson (AC)	100
IP	George Uhle (CLE)	357.2	Burleigh Grimes (BKN)	327.0	Bullet Rogan (KC)	248.1	Rats Henderson (AC)	152.2
SV	Allen Russell (WSH)	9	Claude Jonnard (NYG)	7	Andy Cooper (DES)	6	Nip Winters (HIL)	3

¹ Negro National National League Triple Crown batting winner

League leaders (v.5/single table truncated; #### in baseball page format)[edit]

	American League		National League		Negro National League		Eastern Colored League
Stat	Player	Total	Player	Total	Player	Total	Player	Total
AVG	Harry Heilmann (DET)	.403	Rogers Hornsby (SLC)	.384	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC)	.406	Biz Mackey (HIL)	.423
HR	Babe Ruth (NYY)	41	Cy Williams (PHP)	41	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC) Candy Jim Taylor (TOL/SLS)	20	George Johnson (HIL)	8
RBI	Babe Ruth (NYY) Tris Speaker (CLE)	130	Irish Meusel (NYG)	125	Heavy Johnson¹ (KC)	120	George Johnson (HIL)	46
W	George Uhle (CLE)	26	Dolf Luque (CIN)	27	Bullet Rogan (KC)	16	Rats Henderson (AC) Nip Winters (HIL)	10
ERA	Stan Coveleski (CLE)	2.76	Dolf Luque (CIN)	1.93	Ed Rile (CAG)	2.53	Nip Winters (HIL)	2.36
K	Walter Johnson (WSH)	130	Dazzy Vance (BKN)	197	Bullet Rogan (KC)	151	Rats Henderson (AC)	100

¹ Negro National National League Triple Crown batting winner

Awards and honors[edit]

League Award
- Babe Ruth, New York Yankees, OF

Home field attendance[edit]

Team name	Wins	%±	Home attendance	%±	Per game
New York Yankees^[2]	98	4.3%	1,007,066	-1.9%	13,251
Detroit Tigers^[3]	83	5.1%	911,377	5.8%	11,836
New York Giants^[4]	95	2.2%	820,780	-13.2%	10,659
Chicago Cubs^[5]	83	3.8%	703,705	29.8%	9,139
Pittsburgh Pirates^[6]	87	2.4%	611,082	16.7%	7,936
Cincinnati Reds^[7]	91	5.8%	575,063	16.5%	7,373
Chicago White Sox^[8]	69	-10.4%	573,778	-4.8%	7,650
Brooklyn Robins^[9]	76	0.0%	564,666	13.2%	7,239
Cleveland Indians^[10]	82	5.1%	558,856	5.8%	7,165
Philadelphia Athletics^[11]	69	6.2%	534,122	25.6%	7,122
St. Louis Browns^[12]	74	-20.4%	430,296	-39.6%	5,517
Washington Senators^[13]	75	8.7%	357,406	-22.1%	4,524
St. Louis Cardinals^[14]	79	-7.1%	338,551	-37.0%	4,340
Boston Red Sox^[15]	61	0.0%	229,688	-11.4%	2,945
Philadelphia Phillies^[16]	50	-12.3%	228,168	-1.9%	3,042
Boston Braves^[17]	54	1.9%	227,802	35.6%	2,958

Note: Attendance data for Negro National League and Eastern Colored League teams are unavailable.

References[edit]

^ "MLB officially designates the Negro Leagues as 'Major League'". MLB.com. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
^ "New York Yankees Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Detroit Tigers Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "San Francisco Giants Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Chicago Cubs Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Pittsburgh Pirates Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Cincinnati Reds Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Chicago White Sox Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Los Angeles Dodgers Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Cleveland Indians Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Oakland Athletics Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Baltimore Orioles Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Minnesota Twins Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "St. Louis Cardinals Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Boston Red Sox Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Oakland Athletics Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ "Atlanta Braves Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

External links[edit]

1923 Major League Baseball season schedule at Baseball Reference

[1] "MLB officially designates the Negro Leagues as 'Major League'". MLB.com. Retrieved October 23, 2022.

[2] "New York Yankees Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[3] "Detroit Tigers Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[4] "San Francisco Giants Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[5] "Chicago Cubs Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[6] "Pittsburgh Pirates Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[7] "Cincinnati Reds Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[8] "Chicago White Sox Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[9] "Los Angeles Dodgers Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[10] "Cleveland Indians Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[11] "Oakland Athletics Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[12] "Baltimore Orioles Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[13] "Minnesota Twins Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[14] "St. Louis Cardinals Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[15] "Boston Red Sox Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[16] "Oakland Athletics Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[17] "Atlanta Braves Attendance, Stadiums and Park Factors". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]