User:Yug/Sources Language Acquisitions

Keywords
Second language learning (SLA), Computer-assisted language learning, vocabulary acquisition research, cycle, e-learning, attitude, Piaget, Four stages of competence, Stephen Krashen, Acquisition-learning hypothesis, Language learning, Language Learning Strategy (LLS), Vocabulary Learning Strategies (VLS), Rote_learning (=repetition), Augmented learning (=e-learning with data mining)Bloom theory, Natural Language processing (NLP), Computer-assisted language learning (CALL).

Vocabulary acquisition

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 * Sagepub.com (not check elsewhere)
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 * 1⁄4 Gbook:
 * p89: Sternberg, "most vocabulary is learned from context"
 * p89: Sternberg, "most vocabulary is learned from context"




 * From:
 * From:


 * (First chapter)


 * Gass & Selinker, 2001: Outline - SLA Glossary
 * Gass & Selinker, 2001: Outline - SLA Glossary


 * Schmitt & McCarthy, 1997 : First chapter - Vocabulaire acquisition's Glossary
 * Schmitt & McCarthy, 1997 : First chapter - Vocabulaire acquisition's Glossary




 * Eric's
 * (Abstract) - on Michael H. Long's Interaction Hypothesis




 * Jstor.org
 * (used)


 * (used)


 * 1⁄4Somewhere else
 * (First chapter)


 * (Ellis, 1991) on Long's works :
 * Long, 1990: the Negotiation of meaning has been shown to contribute greatly to the acquisition of vocabulary;
 * Negotiation of a word/lexical unit: The Negotiation of meaning has been shown to contribute greatly to the acquisition of vocabulary (Long, 1990)
 * Generative use of words: the use of words in new contexts which stimulate a deeper understanding of their meaning.

Unsecure

 * To search again




 * Not found WP/Gl/GlS/ScD.
 * Institut Supérieur des Langues Vivantes (I.S.L.V.), Université de Liège, Belgium
 * Dale, E. & O'Rourke, J., 1986, Vocabulary building. Columbus, OH: Zaner-Bloser.


 * Citations to search again:

Whatever the context (stand alone ; example sentence ; short context ; in text), words glossed in the learner's L1 are always better retention scores compare than those glossed in L2. (Laufer & Shmuli, 1997) Words presented in lists and in sentences were remembered better than words presented in text and elaborated text. (Laufer & Shmuli, 1997) We can conclude to statements supporting our view: 1. lexicon's list such dictionaries are a good tools for vocabulary acquisition. 2. bilingual approach (definition in L1) is better for vocabulary acquisition.
 * Tool approach


 * Zone proximale de développement Zone of proximal development
 * fr:Apprentissage
 * Epistemology
 * genetic epistemology
 * Piaget > Piaget's theory of cognitive development
 * Second_language_acquisition & Language_acquisition
 * Glossary of language teaching terms and ideas
 * List_of_language_acquisition_researchers > Stephen Krashen

Krashen oriented
Instructional scaffolding

Lexicology & Lexicography (Chinese ~)

 * Linguistics: scientific study of natural language.
 * Lexicology: study of words, their nature and meaning, words' elements, relations between words (semantical relations), word groups and the whole lexicon.
 * Lexicography: creating dictionaries based on Lexicology's concepts.


 * Lexical semantics: study of how and what the words of a language denote/symbolyse (Pustejovsky, 1995). mapping of words to concepts in a Semantic net.
 * Semantic net: net of words lexical units linked by Lexical relations like synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy and hypernymy - and to a certain degree homonymy
 * Genus-differentiæ : definite a word as a precision of a general and know concept (stare: look fixedly... at someone/something)

Terms of lexicology:
 * Lexicon: complete vocabulary of a language, with words and expressions.
 * Idiolect: language unique to an individual. Ex: /le frère !/
 * Glossary/idioticon/vocabulary/clavis: alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with the glosse/definitions for those terms. Usually ending a chapter/book.
 * Glosse : brief notation of the meaning of a lexical unit of a text.
 * Lexemes: list of variations of a word, such: Run (run, runs, ran, ...)
 * Lemma: the canonical form of the lemme's list > RUN
 * Chereme (Greek: "hand") : basic unit of signed communication. Ex: pointing with a finger


 * ?Word: common definition of a lexical unit loosely definite as a succession of graphemes having a semantic value and bordered by two space.
 * 中文詞語:由兩個或多個單字所組成，持有獨立的意思
 * Lexical entry/items/unit: are a single word or chain of words that are the basic elements of a language's lexicon (vocabulary).
 * * ?Lexis: one meaning of a lexical entry ?
 * Utterance (speech): a complete unit of speech in spoken language, generally but not always bounded by silences.
 * Vocable (speech): an utterance, term, or word that is capable of being spoken and recognized.


 * Morpheme : smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. Ex: im|possible, 2 morphemes.
 * Grapheme : smallest unit in a written language. ex: /bag/, 3 graphemes ; but /a/ = /ɑ/ = 2 glyphs = 1 grapheme.
 * Glyphs: existing variation of a grapheme.
 * Phoneme : smallest segmental unit of sound employed to form distinctive words. Ex: /p/, /k/, etc."box" = 3 graphemes, but 4 phonemes: /ˈbɒks/.
 * ?Sememe : smallest semantic language unit of meaning, correlative to a morpheme. Ex: im(negation) |possible (can be done), 2 sememes
 * ?Seme: smallest unit of meaning recognized in semantics. existing variation of a sememe.

Papers: The discrepancies of word in phonetics, morphology, [grammar] and semantics determine the differences that the word expresses in its quality and effect. (CAO Wei, 2004)
 * Sciencedirect.com: 2006, Chinese Lexicography, Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, Pages 362-365
 * CAO Wei (College of Humanities, Shueparchy University, Jiangshu215021);The Definition of Heterograph and the Difference between Heterograph and Synonym[J];Chinese Language Learning;2004-01



Memory: memorization cycle & memorization´s cost

 * Bloom taxonomy: Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
 * Learning Cycle : http://www.agpa.uakron.edu/p16/btp.php?id=learning-cycle
 * Language Learning & Technology: http://llt.msu.edu/default.html
 * Stages of Second Language Acquisition www.everythingesl.net/inservices/language_stages.php
 * Frayer Model (Word Categorization) : Def ; MyDef ; Specifics ; Examples ; Non-examples.
 * What is learning: http://km4meu.wordpress.com/category/learning/
 * Recall_(memory)

Computing

 * Computing

Questions about Memorization cost
Hello Looie,

I currently read articles about memory for my master thesis (Vocabulary acquisition and Chinese lexicon), and I'm particularly interested by associative memory and vocabulary acquisition, but I don't find the answers or scientific article/book names to satisfy my curiosity. According to your user page ("neuroscientist specializing in learning and memory" !), I hope (pray) you can give me some ideas/ways to explore. There I my question: In my opinion, "the memorization of a lexical unit is the memory processing (encoding/storage) of its constituents, namely new graphemes set, new phonemes set, and new seme such ① grand-parent (as new-unknow combination of graphemes) / ② ɡʁɑ̃.pa.ʁɑ̃ (new combination of phonemes) / ③ parents of someone's parents (new semes) and associating/grouping ① ② ③ altogether, in order to recall this lexical unit later".
 * Associative learning/memory: I read somewhere that "learning goes is easier when based on previous knowledge".
 * What is new vocabulary/lexical unit learning for the brain.
 * harder that learning an association (all english : ① grand-parent (grand + parent = know↔know) ↔ ③ parents of someone's parents (new combination)

compound method - associative method - combinatory method