User talk:Carissa.Raines512

Hey guys, i'm a Sociology major at California State Univeristy of Channel Islands and I am adding to the Carol Gilligan page for a class assignment.

Sure, we should definitely do some research on Carol Gilligan before the week ends. Uhlexah (talk) 20:11, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

3-5 articles I'm considering working on
Research and list 3–5 articles on your Wikipedia user page that you will consider working on as your main project. 1) Sociology of Culture 2) Carol Gilligan 3) Race and ethnic relations 4) Death penalty 5) Gender equality Carissa.Raines512 (talk) 21:06, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

Hi Guys, I will add to this page later tonight or tomorrow for the outline. Our teacher explained in class that she will be looking at our articles and rough outline this saturday. — Preceding unsigned comment added by LLP210 (talk • contribs) 21:24, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

Week 7
Finally getting the hang of Wikipedia and how it works, still behind on assigments though. I have decided to update her background and career section because there is such little information. And considering im a little behind on the assignment, I plan to put together an annotated bibliography of whatever I can find on her, in regards to her background and career tonight. Carissa.Raines512 (talk) 19:53, 2 March 2015 (UTC)

Annotations
Gould, Ketayun. (1988) "Old Wine in New Bottles: A Feminist Perspective on Gilligan's Theory." National Association of Social Workers, Inc. Web. 3-7-2015.

"The author critiques Gilligan's psychological vision of gender and "male" and "female" normative ethics as an example of a theory that may contribute to the justification, rather than to the transformation of professional and societal roles. Further, a feminist perspective is proposed that can serve as an alternative model for interpretating gender-based reality and that can provide an ethical and political framework encompassing guidelines for professional and societal intervention." Carissa Raines 06:15, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Graham, Ruth. "'Voice' of an Era." Boston GlobeJun 24 2012. ProQuest. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

"By the 1970s, developmental psychology had largely dropped such sweeping conclusions about gender differences for a more egalitarian view, but this conviction, too, led researchers into problematic territory: Men make decisions based on individual rights, Gilligan argued, while women are concerned with responsibilities to others. Because of imprinting in their early years-an essentially unprovable notion Gilligan drew from the feminist psychoanalyst and sociologist Nancy Chodorow-women view the world in terms of connectedness, while men view it in terms of separation."

Research Log
Date, website or book used for research, keywords used, What were you thinking?

Week 3/3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_feminism

Keywords: Carol Gilligan, Difference Feminism, and Ethics of Care

The purpose of this research was to decide between difference feminism or ethics of care to focus on for my proposal. I used wikipedia first to get a general idea of each theory.

Week 3/9

http://www.feministvoices.com/assets/Feminist-Presence/Gilligan/Carol-Gilligan-Oral-History.pdf

Keywords: Feminism, Carol Gilligan, Theories

Still looking for information about the psychologist and to understand her reasoning for her feminist identity and to learn more about her. This interview was pretty interesting and informational. She ancouraged a lot of people to speak up and use their voice to make a change. ——————————————————————

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_a_Different_Voice

Keywords: In a Different Voice, Carol Gilligan, Gender Studies

Seeing as this is a very popular book and that it is mentioned in several webpages, I decided to wikipedia it to get a better understanding of what it is about. After reading over the page, I learned that is it about Gilligan criticzing Kohlberg's stages of moral development of children; which is what Alexa is focusing on for her project. "Kohlberg argues that girls on average reached a lower level of moral development than boys did. Gilligan noted that the participants in Kohlberg's basic study were largely male. She also stated that the scoring method Kohlberg used tended to favor a principled way of reasoning (one more common to boys) over a moral argumentation concentrating on relations, which would be more amenable to girls.[2]"

Week 3/16

http://www.butterfliesandwheels.org/2002/difference-feminism/

Keywords: Difference Feminism

"It explains how her research has been sharply criticised,[1] even though Gilligan’s views were and are indeed popular. The book, in a different voice was based on interviews with 135 women, claims that women are uncomfortable with argument and disagreement, and that they have a different approach to knowledge that emphasizes collaboration, consensus, mutual understanding. Women’s Ways of Knowing declares in the final paragraph, “We have argued in this book that educators can help women develop their own authentic voices if they emphasize connection over separation, understanding and acceptance over assessment, and collaboration over debate…if instead of imposing their own expectations and arbitrary requirements, they encourage students to evolve their own patterns of work based on the problems they are pursuing.” What a flawless recipe for infantilization and mental abdication."

This piece wasn't as helpful as I wanted it to be, but I still read it. I;m having a difficult time finding articles discussing difference feminism. Most of the pieces I find are people critiquing her theories or referencing her. I'm conteplating on switching to ethics of care becuase I feel as it there would be more information on it.

Week 3/23

Keywords: Difference Feminism, Carol Gilligan Work, Gilligan Psychology, Gender

Abstract of the article: "Carol Gilligan's work (1982) has been used uncritically to resolve gender-based rifts and ethical problems in social work. The author critiques Gilligan's psychological vision of gender and “male” and “female” normative ethics as an example of a theory that may contribute inadvertently to the justification, rather than to the transformation, of professional and societal roles. Further, a feminist perspective is proposed that can serve as an alternative model for interpreting gender-based reality and that can provide an ethical and political framework encompassing guidelines for professional and societal intervention" The author critiques Gilligan's psychological vision of gender and "male" and "female" normative ethics as an example of a theory that may contribute to the justification, rather than to the transformation of professional and societal roles. Further, a feminist perspective is proposed that can serve as an alternative model for interpretating gender-based reality and that can provide an ethical and political framework encompassing guidelines for professional and societal intervention.

Week 3/30

http://ethicsofcare.org/interviews/carol-gilligan/

Keywords: Ethics of Care

I thought this website and interview was helpful because it's her actual definition of the theory, which is, "As an ethic grounded in voice and relationships, in the importance of everyone having a voice, being listened to carefully (in their own right and on their own terms) and heard with respect. An ethics of care directs our attention to the need for responsiveness in relationships (paying attention, listening, responding) and to the costs of losing connection with oneself or with others. Its logic is inductive, contextual, psychological, rather than deductive or mathematical." I'm pleased with this topic of focus compared to Difference Feminism because I can easliy find information about it.

Week 4/6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_care

Keywords: Ethics of Care, Normative Ethical Theory, Carol Gilligan

Finally finding information I can use for my draft and getting caught up on my assignments. I'm using the ethics of care wikipedia page as a reference guide to my section of "ethics of Care". I don't think my first draft is good enough or long enough, but I'm still working on it. I'm finally posting everything that I've had written down as well.

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-ethics/#CarEthTheDifVoi

Keywords: Ethics of Care

When I was looking up information I found a familiar website and discovered that it was really helpful. I found a section that I liked and cited below.

"Gilligan offers her work as a critique of the Freudian notion that whereas men are morally well-developed, women are not. Freud attributed women's supposed moral inferiority to girls' psychosexual development. Whereas boys break their attachment to their mothers for fear of being castrated by their fathers if they fail to do so, girls remain tied to their mothers because the threat of castration has no power over them. As a result of this theorized male-female difference, girls are supposedly much slower than boys to develop a sense of themselves as autonomous moral agents, personally responsible for the consequences of their actions: as persons who must obey society's rules or face its punishments. In other words, boys and men come to respect law more than girls and women do."

http://search.proquest.com.summit.csuci.edu:2048/docview/214434703/C272C92E552C4CD5PQ/3?accountid=7284

Wikipedia Drafts
 Wikipedia Draft #1

Carol Gilligan is a main contributor to the framework of Ethics of Care and discusses it in detail in her book, In a Different Voice. The main components of this theory discusses the actions we make in relation to moral development and gender.Ethics of care is a part of the normative ethical theory, created by feminist during the second half of the 20th century. And as a result of Carol Gilligan's research on identity and working along side of Lawrence Kohlberg on moral development, she developed ethics of care. Evidence shows that men and women have different views on morality and therefore influences the choices they make. [Needs citations]

Wikipedia Draft #2

A main contributor to the framework of | ethics of care is Carol Gilligan. As a result of her research on ethics of care and identity, it lead to the making of her book, In a Different Voice. The main components of this theory includes moral development, decision making, and gender. Carol states that, " ethics of care starts from the premises that as humans we are inherently relational, responsive, beings and the human condition is one of connectedness Or interdependent".

'Wikipedia Draft #3

Carol Gilligan is a main contributor to the framework of Ethics of care and discusses it in detail in her well known book, In a Different Voice. The main components of this theory discuss the actions we make in relation to moral development and gender. Ethics of care is a part of the normative ethical theory because it is the study of an ethical action . This was created by feminists during the second half of the 20th century. The reason for the creation of this theory is due to her research on identity and working alongside of Lawrence Kohlberg on moral development. Ethics of Care is about what makes actions right or wrong

Comments from Alex
Your entry looks good. It is nice to see some progression at the different levels of drafting. Once you added in the citations and links to other pages properly, its beginning to look a lot like a real wiki entry. Nice! I'm curious to see where you would like to put this entry in the article. Considering this, I think its important to note the overall structure in order to maintain the flow throughout. — Preceding unsigned comment added by A ceja1994 (talk • contribs) 17:04, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

Final Draft
Carol Gilligan is a main contributor to the framework of Ethics of care and discusses it in detail in her well known book, In a Different Voice. The main components of this theory discuss the actions we make in relation to moral development and gender. [6] Ethics of care is a part of the normative ethical theory because it is the study of an ethical action. This was created by feminists during the second half of the 20th century. The reason for the creation of this theory is due to her research on identity and working alongside of Lawrence Kohlberg on moral development. Ethics of Care is about what makes actions right or wrong. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.25.83.34 (talk) 14:54, 5 May 2015 (UTC)