User talk:Lescast

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Hi
Hey Leslie! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Slateef94 (talk • contribs) 15:27, 11 September 2015 (UTC)

Representative Bureaucracy - Annotated Bibliography
Brudney, Jeffrey L., F. Ted Hebert, and Deil S. Wright. "From Organizational Values to Organizational Roles: Examining Representative Bureaucracy in State Administration." Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory 10.3 (2000): 491. Business Source Complete. Web. 15 Oct. 2015. This article focuses on the lack of representation among people of color and women in state administrations in the United States, as of July 2000. Scholars analyzed the differences between passive and active representation, development of a model of representative bureaucracy, and testing of the model in a sample of state agency directors. The scholar's findings suggest that on certain issues and behaviors, race and gender can manifest direct effects. They found that over the last few decades, people of color and women have made slow but important progress toward expanding their numbers in the top of state administrations.

Dolan, J. (2002). Representative Bureaucracy in the Federal Executive: Gender and Spending Priorities. Journal Of Public Administration Research & Theory, 12(3), 353. This article examines whether gender influences policy outputs in the U.S. branches of government. The research investigate the impact of organizations socialization and gender on bureaucratic behavior. Scholars also analyzed organizational socialization theory, which is that common working experiences within government agencies will diminish the differences between gender. The article consists of analyzing women and men within their affects towards spending attitudes of federal administrators. The scholars findings stand in major contrast with other research that has studied the link between passive and active representation among female administrators. They found female executives are like to shape internal budget strategies and decisions that incorporate women's perspective.

Grissom, J. A., Nicholson-Crotty, J., & Nicholson-Crotty, S. (2009). Race, Region, and Representative Bureaucracy. Public Administration Review, 69(5), 911-919. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2009.02040.x This peer reviewed article examines the the linkage between passive representation in public agencies and the pursuit of specific policies designed to benefit minority groups. In this article researchers suggests that the structural characteristics of those organizations, the external political environment, and the perceptions of individual bureaucrats each help to facilitate that relationship. The scholars' study argues that, for black bureaucrats, the area of residence is an important moderator of active representation. Their hypotheses is related to an argument in a nationally representative sample of more than 3,000 public schools. The results suggest that black teachers produce greater benefits for black students in the South. Another one of their analysis also confirms that race is a more important issue for Southern black bureaucrats, when compared with their non-Southern counterparts.

Trondal, J., Murdoch, Z., & Geys, B. (2015). Representative Bureaucracy and the Role of Expertise in Politics. Politics & Governance, 3(1), 26-36. doi:10.17645/pag.v3i1.65 Currently in the United States, there is a growing role of  experts  and  expertise  in  public  policy. This article makes the case that with the  rising  sophistication  of  modern  democracies, the business of governance has become more difficult. While at the same time, decision-makers in Congress has increased the role of “experts” and their “ways of doing things” in processes of proposing, implementing and legitimizing  public  policy. The analysis concentrates on political life and how it is increasing the reliance on external experts to assist in the development and implementation of policy decisions. The study argues that by raising the need to extend studies of bureaucratic representation to such external and non-permanent experts in governmental affairs.

Wilkins, Vicky M., and Brian N. Williams. (2008). Black or Blue: Racial Profiling and Representative Bureaucracy. Public Administration Review, 68(4), 654-664. This study examines whether the presence of Latino police officers reduces the racial disparity in traffic stops in divisions in which they work. The study closely examines the link between passive and active representation for ethnicity in the context of racial profiling. They also analyze the link within an organization that relies heavily on socialization and racial profiling. The scholars have found that the presence of Latino police officers did increase the racial disparity within the division in which they worked. This discovery is to suggest that the pressure to perform as a police officer weighs heavily on Latinos and may affect their professional attitudes and behaviors.

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