Vachellia seyal



Vachellia seyal, the red acacia, known also as the shittah tree (the source of shittim wood), is a thorny, 6– to 10-m-high (20 to 30 ft) tree with a pale greenish or reddish bark. At the base of the 3 – feathery leaves, two straight, light grey thorns grow to 7 – long. The blossoms are displayed in round, bright yellow clusters about 1.5 cm diameter.

In Vachellia seyal var. fistula, which is more common on heavy clay soils, some of the thorns are swollen and house symbiotic ants.

It is distributed from Egypt to Kenya and west to Senegal. In the Sahara, it often grows in damp valleys. It is also found at wadis on the Arabian Peninsula.

Varieties
Two varieties are recognized:
 * Vachellia seyal var. fistula (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
 * Vachellia seyal var. seyal (Delile) P.J.H.Hurter

Hybrids
Vachellia seyal occasionally hybridizes with V. xanthophloea.

Gum arabic
Vachellia seyal is, along with other Vachellias, an important source for gum arabic, a natural polysaccharide, that exudes from damaged stems and solidifies. The gum of V. seyal is called gum talha, from Arabic طلح ṭalḥ, a term for any fruiting tree.

Tanning
Parts of the tree have a tannin content up to 18-20%. The bark and seed pods of V. seyal var. seyal have a tannin content around 20%.

Wood
Wood from the tree is said to have been used in Ancient Egypt to make coffins and also the Ark of the Covenant.

Bark
The bark is used to treat dysentery and bacterial infections of the skin, such as leprosy. It is also used as a stimulant.

Gum
The gum is used as an aphrodisiac, to treat diarrhoea, as an emollient, and to treat hemorrhaging, inflammation of the eye, intestinal ailments, and rhinitis. It is used to ward off arthritis and bronchitis.

Wood
Incense from the wood is used to treat pain from rheumatism and to keep expectant mothers from contracting rhinitis and fevers.