Van Watervliet family

The Van Watervliet family is a Dutch noble family of businessmen and landowners who rose to prominence during the early Renaissance in the County of Zeeland of the Seventeen Provinces of the Holy Roman Empire, and later in the Netherlands and British colonies of North America.

Etymology
The name "Van Watervliet" means "from water flow" in Dutch. There is no place in Zeeland named "Watervliet", although the mostly-island county is surrounded by the sea and crisscrossed with irrigation canals.

Origins in Zeeland
Gillis Cornelissen Brouwer (c.1529–1591) gained notoriety operating "The Old Brewery" [Dutch: De Oude Brouwerie] outside of Goes. His success enabled him to purchase significant amounts of land, and his prominence in the community led to him being appointed schout of Heinkenszand in 1560. Gillis married first around 1552 to an unknown woman and the union produced one son, Cornelis Gillissen. In 1577 Gillis married Clara lemantsdochter, and that union produced three children, one of whom, Jacobmijnken Gillisdochter, married Jongheer Jan Pietersen van Cats, solidifying the family's connection to the Zeeland nobility.

Like his father, Cornelis Gillissen continued to acquire lands, particularly those of expat and extinct noble families, and increase the family's civic involvement. Supporters elected him first a schepen (councilman) and later Burgemeester (mayor) of Goes. Between 1588 and 1609 Maurice, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, elevated Cornelis to ridder (knight), then the highest rank in the Dutch nobility beneath the head of state, and Heer (baron) van Watervliet, possibly in return for support during Catholic King Phillip II's persecution of Protestants in the Netherlands. Later family members would become staunch defenders of religious liberty. Around this time Maurice also appointed Cornelis to the Rekenkamer (Court of Audit) of Zeeland.

Researchers cannot yet explain the selection of "Watervliet" as the estate name. The closest place named Watervliet is in Flanders in Belgium, approximately 20 miles (30km) from Goes, but there is a Zeeland tie to the Heer of that Watervliet: Count Hieronymus Lauweryn van Watervliet served as Treasurer-General of Zeeland from 1499 to 1508. Also, the title is an unusual example of a grant where the fount granted no accompanying fief--Gillissen's land was allodial, a vrijheerlijkheid--so the title is attached to Cornelis and his descendants to the present day. Cornelis married Maria van Campen, and they produced five children, including Cornelia, Gillis, and Cornelis. Cornelia married David van der Nisse, Heer van Nisse, who later served as Burgemeester of Goes. Gillis and Cornelis followed in their father's footsteps as councilmen and mayors of Goes, ridders, and serving on the Rekenkamer. Cornelis married Anna van Liere, they produced four children and share a grave in the Great Church of Mary Magdalene in Goes.

By the middle 17th Century, some Dutch provinces began following the practice of the Holy Roman Empire where all descendants, male and female, inherited the father's title (but only males could pass it on), so official records of the time referred to all four of Cornelis and Anna's children variously and concurrently as "Heer van Watervliet", and "Heer van Ellewoutsdijk, etc". In 1651 their daughter Anna Maria wed a Dutch-Czech nobleman, Ferdinand de Perponcher Sedlnitsky, ridder, Freiherr von Choltitz und Fullstein, and a cousin of Hendrik George de Perponcher Sedlnitsky. In adulthood, Cornelis and Anna's sons, Cornelis and Emmery, served as councilmen and mayors of Goes, and Cornelis and Frederik served on the Gecommitteerde Raad van Zeeland (State Council). Frederik produced two sons for certain, Myndert and Carsten, and possibly a third, Rynier.

In North America
Mentions of the Van Watervliets in the records of Zeeland gradually disappear in the 18th Century, while Myndert and Carsten start a new chapter of the family history in the New Netherland settlement of Beverwijck around 1655. As Lutherans, their move to North America may have been prompted by a 1619 law that limited membership in the highest level of government, the Ridderschap, to members of the Reformed Church. If true, it would not be the family's last tangle with Calvinists. In moving they also deployed another family name, Van Everinghe, invoking their ancient and more prestigious title of Heer van Ellewoutsdijk, Everinghe, Koudorp, en Driewegen, which was the second largest barony in Zeeland at the time and dates to the 13th Century. Due to non-standardized spelling and Anglicization of names over time, they and their descendants appear in records variously under the names Van Iveren, Van Yveren, Van Every, Van Evera, and Van Avery, with or without the space and sometimes with the "between-joiner" "Van" treated as an additional given name or abbreviated as an initial. As Van Watervliets, Myndert and Carsten immediately started businesses as blacksmiths and fur traders to fund land purchases in the colony, with Rynier acting as their agent in Amsterdam. Myndert served as a city councilor and elder in the Lutheran church, and in 1673 he and four other prominent Lutherans sent a letter to the Governor-General of New Netherland asking that Lutherans' free exercise of religion not be curtailed by the colony or Reformed Church. The request was granted. Eventually Myndert secured a warrant from Governor Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick, to provide all the arms and armor for Fort Orange, and joined the Albany Convention, with Governors Nicholas Bayard and Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and another Dutch nobleman, Frederick Philipse, seeking to restore the rule of William III of England (and probably not coincidentally, also Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic) against Leisler's Rebellion during the Glorious Revolution. Myndert is also noted as a close associate of Jeremias van Rensselaer, Patroon of the Manor of Rensselaerwyck, and attended his funeral.

The original Town of Watervliet on the banks of the Hudson River that became the City of Watervliet, New York, is likely named after the family.

Other notable members

 * Rynier Van Every (1718-deceased). 8th generation. A staunch supporter of the American Revolution, he was a member of the New York Sons of Liberty and chairman of the Schenectady Committee of Correspondence throughout the war. In 1777 he was elected Senator representing the Western Division of the New York Assembly.
 * Rynier Van Iveren (1728-deceased). 8th generation. Served in Van Rensselaer's Regiment of militia during the American Revolution, first as an Ensign and later as a Lieutenant, including at the Battles of Saratoga.
 * Coat of arms of the United Empire Loyalists' Association of Canada.svg McGregory Van Every (1723–1786). 8th generation. A staunch Loyalist during the American Revolution, he was twice arrested by colonial authorities for his "Tory tendencies." Two of his sons enlisted first in the Continental Army with their cousin Martin (see next entry), but later deserted for a Loyalist militia. McGregory himself is listed as a member of Butler's Rangers. He eventually led a group of Van Everys to Niagara in Canada and was named a United Empire Loyalist by Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester and Governor of Quebec.
 * Martin Van Every (1759–1816). 9th generation. Served under George Washington from 1775 to 1780, first in the New York Line and later in Malcolm's and Grayson's Additional Continental Regiments, fighting in the New York and New Jersey, Philadelphia, and Yorktown campaigns, including wintering at Valley Forge.
 * Peter Van Every (1795–1859) was an American farmer, merchant, and politician who served in the Michigan House of Representatives in the first years of Michigan's statehood.
 * Salem A. Van Every (1884–1943). 12th generation. He was a business partner and Son-in-law of Phillip Lance, founder of Lance, Inc. Following the death of Lance, Salem incorporated the company and expanded it to a $9 million business. He introduced the first commercially-produced peanut butter cracker.
 * Dale Van Every (1896–1976) was an American writer, film producer, and studio executive.
 * Phillip L. Van Every (1913–1980). 13th generation. Son of Salem A. Van Every. Upon the retirement of Salem, Phillip took over Lance, Inc., and further expanded it to a business with 4,500 employees in 34 states and $80 million in annual sales. He also founded the Phillip L. Van Every Foundation, which supports North Carolina charities and businesses.
 * Kermit Van Every (March 5, 1915 – November 20, 1998) was a noted American aeronautical engineer best known for his work in the area of very high-speed flight. He was a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and had the unusual distinction of receiving the Wright Brothers Medal twice, in 1948 and 1958.
 * Harold Van Every (1918–2007) was an American football back in the National Football League (NFL) who played 21 games for the Green Bay Packers. During World War II, he was a bomber pilot assigned to 510th Squadron, 447th Bomb Group, Eighth Air Force, flying the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bomber. During a raid in 1944 he was shot down by flak and spent nearly a year in Stalag Luft III until it was liberated in 1945.
 * Stephen Van Evera (1948– ) is an American political scientist and professor of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, specializing in international relations. His research includes U.S. foreign and national security policy as well as causes and prevention of war. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
 * James C. Van Avery (unknown). An inventor and engineer with the Boeing Corporation who holds six patents for various aviation technologies.
 * CDR Christopher E. Van Avery, USN (Ret) (1968– ) 16th generation. Served in the U.S. Navy and Navy Reserve (1986–2017); Military Advisor to the Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs, 2016–2017; Military Professor at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, 2009–2012; Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Fellow; prompted and contributed to the U.S. military's 2011 overhaul of its Principles of War; political and social commentator; geopolitical analyst; contributor to The Western Journal, Proceedings, Armed Forces Journal, and Navy Times.
 * Jonathan E. Van Every (1979– ) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder and Director of Operations for the College of the Holy Cross baseball team in Worcester, MA.

Arms
The arms of the Van Watervliet family (pictured in the infobox above) consist of three black hunting horns on a white background, or in heraldic terms, Argent, three hunting horns Sable.

Important Van Watervliet descendants
Gillis Cornelissen Brouwer (1529-1591)
 * Cornelis Gillissen Brouwer (1552-1612), from c.1609, 1st Baron van Watervliet
 * Cornelia van Watervliet (1585-1652) married David van der Nisse, Heer van der Nisse
 * Gillis van Watervliet (1588-1635), ridder
 * Cornelis van Watervliet (1619-1640), ridder
 * Isabella van Watervliet (1591-1646)
 * Cornelis van Watervliet (1592-1636), ridder, also Baron van Ellewoutsdijk, etc....
 * Anna Maria van Watervliet (c.1612-1670), married Ferdinand de Perponcher Sedlnitsky, ridder, Freiherr von Choltitz und Fullstein
 * Cornelis Cornelissen van Watervliet (c.1613-1669)
 * Frederik van Watervliet (c.1615-1677)
 * Myndert van Watervliet (van Everinghe) (c.1636-1706)
 * Burger Myndertse Van Iveren (c.1660-c.1720)
 * Marten Meynderts Van Iveren (1685-1760)
 * McGregory Van Every (1723-1786) - founder of the Van Every cadet branch, still extant in North America, but renounced titles for himself and his descendants by pledging loyalty to King George III.
 * Myndert Burger Van Iveren (c.1692-c.1764)
 * Burger Van Iveren (1704-1789)
 * Martin Van Every (1759-1816)
 * Martin Van Avery (1792-1880) - founder of the Van Avery cadet branch, still extant in North America
 * Carsten van Watervliet (van Everinghe) (c.1637-1688) - line extinct in North America c.1738
 * Rynier van Watervliet (unconfirmed)
 * Emmery van Watervliet (1620-1685)
 * Anna Maria van Watervliet (1670-1684)
 * Jaques van Watervliet (1594-unknown)
 * Jacobmijnken Gillisdochter, married Jongheer Jan Pietersen van Cats
 * leman Gillissen
 * Mayken Gillisdochter

Basic style
Following the Dutch tradition, members of the family in English-speaking regions would use the title "Baron/Baroness van Watervliet" after their surname, and honorific "The High Well-born Lord/Lady" (Dutch: De Hoogwelgeboren heer/vrouwe) before their given names. Written out, this style would appear as:"The High Well-Born Lord GivenNames FamilyName, Baron van Watervliet"The honorific "The High Well-Born Lord/Lady" is only used in the most formal circumstances, and usually only in writing. In conversation or the salutation of a letter, the formal address is, "My Lord/Lady" (Dutch: Mijn Heer/Vrouwe) or "Your Lordship/Ladyship."

Usage
While living members of the family are entitled to use the style under the law of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, modern usage varies from place to place. The title is not recognized in the modern Netherlands, possibly because no living members of the family resided in the country to petition for recognition when the nobility there was re-established in 1814. In the United States, while legally permitted, it is very rare for nobles to employ their titles in a routine fashion and frowned upon in some circles. In other countries, particularly ones that had or have a nobility of their own, like Austria, use of titles may also be frowned upon or even barred by law.