Verkhoyansk Range

The Verkhoyansk Range (Верхоянский хребет, Verhojanskiy Hrebet; Үөһээ Дьааҥы сис хайата, Üöhee Caaŋı sis xayata) is a mountain range in the Sakha Republic, Russia near the settlement of Verkhoyansk, well-known for its frigid climate. It is part of the East Siberian Mountains.

The range lies just west of the boundary of the Eurasian and the North American tectonic plates. The mountains were formed by folding, and represent an anticline.

The Verkhoyansk Range was covered by glaciers during the Last Glacial Period and the mountains in the northern section, such as the Orulgan Range, display a typical Alpine relief.

There are coal, silver, lead, tin, and zinc deposits in the mountains.

Geography
Rising from the shores of the Buor-Khaya Gulf in the north, it runs southwards spanning roughly 1000 km (600 mi.) across Yakutia, east of the Central Yakutian Lowland, and west of the Chersky Range, reaching the Lena Plateau to the south and the Yudoma-Maya Highlands to the southeast. It forms a vast arc between the Lena and Aldan rivers to the west and the Yana River to the east.

The Verkhoyansk Range has a higher southeastern prolongation than the Suntar-Khayata Range, which is occasionally considered as a separate range system. Thus the highest point of the range in a restricted geographical sense is an unnamed 2409 m-high peak in the Orulgan Range. The Ulakhan-Bom, highest point 1600 m, Sette-Daban, highest point 2012 m, and Skalisty Range (Rocky Range), highest point 2017 m, are located at the southern end and were also considered separate ranges in classical geographic works. The two ranges were surveyed in 1934 by geologist Yuri Bilibin (1901–1952) together with mining engineer Evgeny Bobin (1897–1941) in the course of an expedition sent by the government of the Soviet Union. After conducting the first topographic survey of the area, Bilibin established that the Skalisty and Sette-Daban mountain chains belong to the Verkhoyansk Mountain System. Bilibin and Bobin also explored for the first time the Yudoma-Maya Highlands, located to the southeast of the Ulakhan-Bom/Sette-Daban/Skalisty ranges.

Subranges
Besides the Orulgan, the system of the range comprises a number of subranges, as well as a plateau, including the following:
 * Northern section —north of the Arctic Circle
 * Kharaulakh Range, highest point 1429 m
 * Tuora Sis, highest point 990 m
 * Kunga Range, highest point 439 m
 * Dzhardzhan Range, highest point 1925 m
 * Sietinden Range, highest point 1929 m
 * Kular Range, highest point 1289 m
 * Byrandia Range, highest point 1915 m
 * Kuyellyakh Range (Кюельляхский хребет), highest point 1483 m
 * Southern section —south of the Arctic Circle
 * Echysky Massif, highest point 2063 m
 * Arkachan Plateau, highest point 1351 m
 * Tagindzhin Range, highest point 2084 m
 * Muosuchan Range, highest point 1243 m
 * Bygyn Range, highest point 1152 m
 * Kuturgin Range, highest point 1056 m
 * Munni Range, highest point 1784 m
 * Kelter Range, highest point 2002 m
 * Sorkin Range, highest point 1250 m
 * Ust-Vilyuy Range, highest point 998 m (close to the Lena)
 * Chochum Range, highest point 1363 m
 * Sordogin Range, highest point 1352 m
 * Khabakh Range, highest point 1122 m (east)
 * Khunkhadin Range, highest point 1802 m (east)
 * Far southern section (Part of the greater Verkhoyansk Range, together with the Suntar Khayata)
 * Kyllakh Range, highest point 901 m
 * Ulakhan-Bom, highest point 1830 m,
 * Sette-Daban, highest point 2102 m
 * Skalisty Range, highest point 2017 m

Hydrography
The Verkhoyansk mountain system separates the basins of the Lena River to the west and southwest and the Omoloy and Yana to the east and northeast. It is deeply cut by riverine intermontane basins. Many right tributaries of the Lena flow westwards, having their sources in the range, including the Kyundyudey, Undyulyung, Begidyan, Sobolokh-Mayan, Menkere, Dzhardzhan, Uel-Siktyakh, Kuranakh-Siktyakh, Byosyuke, Tikyan, Dyanyshka, Lyapiske, Belyanka, Munni, Kele, Tukulan, Tumara, Nuora, and Baray, among others. To the northeast flow left tributaries of the Omoloy such as the Kuranakh-Yuryakh, Arga-Yuryakh, Bukhuruk, and Sietinde. The Tompo cuts across the range in its southern part, flowing from its source in the Suntar Khayata. The valley of the Aldan is located to the south, where the river makes a wide bend.

From the eastern slopes flow the rivers Dulgalakh and Sartang, which form river Yana further north, as well as its tributaries Bytantay, Nelgese, Derbeke, and Baky, among others.

Rivers in the mountainous areas are usually frozen between September and May.

Climate and flora
The world's lowest temperatures for inhabited places have been recorded in this region, and there is quite deep snow cover for most of the year.

The mountain range is home to an alpine tundra, supporting various species of mosses and lichens. Some sparsely-wooded forests of mainly larch and dwarf Siberian pine are found on smooth slopes.