Virginie Barbet

Virginie Barbet (1824–1883) was a French anarchist and feminist. A proponent of social democracy in Lyon in the late 1860s, she joined the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy with Mikhail Bakunin and participated in the Lyon section of the First International. She and other Lyon exiles lived in Geneva during the 1870s.

Biography
Virginie Barbet was born Magdeleine Barbet in the Arpitan town of Saint-Denis-lès-Bourg, on 20 February 1824. She married Philibert Nesme in 1844, but they soon separated and Barbet opened a pub in Lyon, where she ran a cabaret.

In July 1868, Barbet signed a manifesto of the Société de la revendication du droit des femmes, which called for gender equality and women's rights. That same year, she attended the Brussels Congress of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA), as the treasurer for the Lyon delegation. In October 1868, she attended the Bern Congress of the League of Peace and Freedom, where she represented the social democrats from Lyon. She later joined the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy, which split from the League, founding its Lyon group in June 1869. She became close with the Alliance's leader Mikhail Bakunin, for whom she wrote articles on the abolition of inheritance and resistance to conscription.

Following the repression of an ironworkers' strike in Seraing in April 1869, she signed a letter on behalf of the Lyon section expressing solidarity with the Belgian section of the IWA. In April 1870, she also signed an address in support of a metalworkers' strike in Le Creusot. Following the suppression of the Paris Commune, she issued a response to Giuseppe Mazzini criticising his condemnation of the commune. She herself may have also participated in the short-lived Creusot Commune. In the summer of 1871, she and other Lyonaisse revolutionaries were exiled to Switzerland and Barbet began living in Geneva from 1873. There she joined a local revolutionary socialist group, publishing the bulletin of the Jura Federation and gave a number of radical speeches, notably calling for the death of Alexander II of Russia. For this last act, she was questioned by the Swiss police, although they ended up noting that she "did not seem very dangerous."

Two of her books were later published in 1901.

Selected works

 * Déisme et athéisme, profession de foi d’une libre penseuse, Lyon 1869, in-8°, 15 p.
 * Réponse d’un membre de l’Internationale à Mazzini, Assoc. typo. de Lyon, 1871, in-8°, 16 p.
 * Religions et libre-pensée, Genève, Imprimerie jurassienne, 1881, 36 p.
 * Rayon d’avenir, l’abolition du paupérisme, par V. Barbet, Meulan, 1901, 28 pp. (8° R, Pièce 8774)
 * La veuve rouge et ses amants, par V. Barbet, Meulan, 1902, 27 pp. (8° R, Pièce 9279)