Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/September 27

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 * 1422 – The Treaty of Melno was signed, establishing the Prussian–Lithuanian border, which afterwards remained unchanged for about 500 years.
 * 1825 – Locomotion No. 1 hauled the train on the opening day of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, the first public railway in the world to use steam locomotives.
 * 1854 – The paddle steamer SS Arctic sank after a collision with SS Vesta 50 miles (80 km) off the coast of Newfoundland, killing approximately 320 people.
 * 1875 – The Ellen Southard was wrecked in a storm at Liverpool, England; the U.S. Congress subsequently awarded 27 Gold Lifesaving Medals to the men who rescued her crew.
 * 1908 – The first production Ford Model T, the car credited with initiating the mass use of automobiles in the United States, was completed at the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit, Michigan.
 * 1916 – Lij Iyasu (pictured), the emperor-designate of Ethiopia, was deposed in favor of his aunt Zewditu.
 * 1940 – World War II: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and the Empire of Japan signed the Tripartite Pact in Berlin, officially forming a military alliance known as the Axis.
 * 1941 – SS Patrick Henry, the first of 2,710 Liberty ships built during World War II by the United States, was launched.
 * 1949 – Members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference unanimously selected Zeng Liansong's design for the flag of China.
 * 1964 – The British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2, an advanced Cold War tactical strike and reconnaissance aircraft that was later cancelled, made its maiden flight.
 * 1981 – Iran–Iraq War: Iran broke the Iraqi siege of Abadan by Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh
 * 1988 – Led by pro-democracy activist Aung San Suu Kyi (pictured), the political party National League for Democracy was founded in Burma.
 * 1996 – The Taliban drove Afghan President Burhanuddin Rabbani out of Kabul, tortured and murdered former president Mohammad Najibullah, and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
 * 2014 – Mount Ontake in central Japan unexpectedly erupted, killing 63 people in the nation's deadliest eruption in more than 100 years.
 * Born/died this day: | Guillaume Rondelet |b|1507| Flaminio Scala |b|1552| Alphonsus Liguori |b|1696| William Rulofson |b|1826| Bernard Courtois |d|1837| Braxton Bragg |d|1876| Ivan Goncharov |d|1891| Edgar Degas |d|1917| Sylvia Pankhurst |d|1960|Gwyneth Paltrow |b|1972| Asashōryū Akinori |b|1980| Kenji Nagai |d|2007 |Mauricio González-Gordon y Díez |d|2013

September 27


 * 1822 – In a letter to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in Paris, Jean-François Champollion announced his initial successes in deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs on the Rosetta Stone (pictured).
 * 1851 – The British East India Company inaugurated the Horsburgh Lighthouse on the rocky outcrop of Pedra Branca, Singapore, which later became the subject of a territorial dispute.
 * 1917 – The Broadhurst Theatre opened in New York City with a performance of Misalliance by George Bernard Shaw.
 * 1975 – Two members of ETA political-military and three members of the Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front, sentenced to death for murder, became the last people to be executed in Spain.
 * 1983 – American software developer Richard Stallman announced plans for the Unix-like operating system GNU, the first free software developed by the GNU Project.