Wikipedia:WikiProject Germany/Portal:Lower Saxony/Index

Lower Saxony lies in north-western Germany and is the country's second largest federal state. It is named after a historical province that emerged during the Middle Ages; its capital is Hanover.

Much of northern Lower Saxony is a vast lowland of heath and bog, part of the North German Plain. It includes the Lüneburg Heath - an expanse of heather, bracken, pine, bog and fields interspersed with small towns and villages - that gained its wealth, historically, from the salt trade centred on Lüneburg, but was also the site of the surrender of North Germany at the end of the Second World War. Today, much of the area is a nature park, but retains its military connexions, being home to the largest military training area in Europe. To the northwest were once great marshes by the North Sea, but these have largely been reclaimed and are famous for cattle and horse rearing. Off the North Sea coast is a string of islands, popular with holidaymakers, known as the East Frisians.

In the south are some of the most fertile plains in Europe: the Börde around Hanover and the north Harz Foreland. Away to the southwest the Weser Uplands form a series of knife-edge ridges, and whaleback hills sliced by the River Weser. And in the far southeast, the Harz has Lower Saxony's only mountains. Formerly the greatest silver mining area in Europe, the area is now a popular tourist destination. The River Elbe marks Lower Saxony's eastern boundary, once part of the Inner German border where West faced East across the Iron Curtain. More...

Geography and nature


 * Rural districts (Landkreise): Ammerland - Aurich - Grafschaft Bentheim - Celle - Cloppenburg - Cuxhaven - Diepholz - Emsland - Friesland - Gifhorn - Goslar - Göttingen - Hameln-Pyrmont - Region Hanover - Harburg - Helmstedt - Hildesheim - Holzminden - Leer - Lüchow-Dannenberg - Lüneburg - Nienburg/Weser - Northeim - Oldenburg - Osnabrück - Osterholz - Osterode am Harz - Peine - Rotenburg - Schaumburg - Soltau-Fallingbostel - Stade - Uelzen - Vechta - Verden - Wesermarsch - Wittmund - Wolfenbüttel


 * Self-governing towns and cities (Kreisfreie Städte): Brunswick - Delmenhorst - Emden - Oldenburg (Oldb) - Osnabrück - Salzgitter - Wilhelmshaven - Wolfsburg


 * Important towns and cities : Aurich - Brunswick - Bückeburg - Celle - Cloppenburg - Cuxhaven - Delmenhorst - Duderstadt - Emden - Gifhorn - Goslar - Göttingen - Hameln - Hanover - Hann. Münden - Hildesheim - Jever - Leer - Lehrte - Lingen - Lüneburg - Meppen - Nienburg (Weser) - Norden - Nordhorn - Norderney - Northeim - Oldenburg - Osnabrück  - Osterholz-Scharmbeck - Peine - Rinteln - Rotenburg (Wümme)  - Salzgitter - Soltau - Stade - Stadthagen - Vechta - Verden (Aller) - Wilhelmshaven - Wolfenbüttel - Wunstorf - Wolfsburg


 * Rivers: Aller - Böhme - Elbe - Ems - Großer Aue - Hamme - Hase - Hunte - Ilmenau - Jade - Jeetzel - Jümme - Leda - Leine - Luhe - Ochtum - Oker - Örtze - Oste - Rhume - Schunter - Vechte - Weser - Wietze (tributary of the Aller) - Wietze (tributary of the Örtze) - Wümme


 * Coastal waters: Dollart - Jade Bight - Leybucht - Lower Elbe - Norder Tief - Lower Weser - Wadden Sea


 * Lakes: Dümmer - Großes Meer - Steinhuder Meer - Zwischenahner Meer


 * Reservoirs: Alfsee - Grane - Innerste - Maschsee - Oder - Oker - Salzgittersee - Söse


 * Mountains and hills: (List) - Achtermannshöhe - Bocksberg - Bruchberg - Damme Hills - Deister - Die Gleichen - Haferberg - Hasselkopf - Große Blöße - Großer Knollen - Köterberg - Ravensberg - Rehberg - Schalke - Sonnenberg - Stöberhai - Süntel - Wurmberg




 * Landscapes and regions: Altes Land - Ammerland - Brunswick Land - Butjadingen - Deister-Süntel valley - Drawehn - East Frisia - Eastphalia - Eichsfeld - Elbe–Weser triangle - Elm - Emsland - Friesland - Geest - Harz - Hildesheim Börde - Hümmling - Jeverland - Land Hadeln - Leine Uplands - Lüneburg Heath - Middle Weser Region - Middle Weser Valley – Oldenburg Land - Oldenburg Münsterland - Osnabrück Land - Osterholz Geest - Rheiderland - Saterland - Schaumburg Land - Stadland - Stedingen - Teufelsmoor - Upper Weser Valley –Wendland - Weser Uplands - Wesermarsch - Wildeshausen Geest - Wingst - Weser Depression - Wümme Depression - Land Wursten


 * Islands: Borkum - Großer Knechtsand - Juist - Norderney - Baltrum - Langeoog - Spiekeroog - Wangerooge (see also: East Frisian Islands) - Kachelotplate - Lütje Hörn- Mellum - Memmert - Minsener Oog


 * Nature conservation: Breites Wasser - Lüneburg Heath - Wildeshausen Geest - Harz - Drömling - Elbhöhen-Wendland Nature Park  - Elm-Lappwald Nature Park - Steinhuder Meer Nature Park - Lower Saxon Wadden Sea National Park - Weser Uplands-Schaumburg-Hamelin Nature Park

Politics, history and religion


 * Politics and politicians: Landtag of Lower Saxony - Ernst Albrecht - Gerhard Schröder - Christian Wulff - Sigmar Gabriel - German-Hanoverian Party


 * History: Battle of Soltau - Chauci - East Frisia - Engern - Friesen - Hildesheim Diocesan Feud - Lüneburg Prelates' War - Lüneburg War of Succession - Lower Saxons - Saxon Steed


 * Historic territories: Kingdom of Hanover - Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg - Grand Duchy of Oldenburg - Duchy of Bremen - Duchy of Brunswick - Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg - Duchy of Saxony - Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel - Principality of Calenberg - Principality of Göttingen - Principality of Lüneburg - Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe - County of Hoya


 * Historic people: Hermann Bote - Brunonen - Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg - Duke Anthony Ulrich - George II, King of Great Britain and Ireland - the Göttingen Seven - Henry the Lion - Heinrich Jasper - Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg - Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg - Helmold of Bosau - Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel - The Black Duke - Widukind - William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe - Till Eulenspiegel - Charles II, Duke of Brunswick - Dietrich Klagges - Hartmann Lauterbacher - Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony - Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor - See also: List of the rulers of Lüneburg - List of the rulers of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel - List of people from Braunschweig


 * Religion: Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Hanover - Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Brunswick - Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg - Roman Catholic Diocese of Hildesheim - Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück - Roman Catholic Diocese of Münster - Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Schaumburg-Lippe - Evangelical Reformed Church – Synod of Reformed Churches in Bavaria and Northwestern Germany

Culture, business, education and science


 * Literature, theatre and film: Wilhelm Busch - Gotthold Ephraim Lessing - Georg Christoph Lichtenberg - Hermann Löns - Arno Schmidt - Ricarda Huch – Wilhelm Raabe - Otto Waalkes


 * Art and architecture: Brunswick Lion - Lower Saxon house - Brunswick Cathedral - Gospels of Henry the Lion - Conrad Wilhelm Hase - Hermann Korb - Paula Modersohn-Becker - Carl Theodor Ottmer - Kurt Schwitters - Weser Renaissance - Bursfelde Abbey - Ebstorf Abbey - Riddagshausen Abbey - Osten Transporter Bridge




 * Museums: Cloppenburg Museum Village - Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum - Lower Saxon State Museum - Sprengel Museum - Wilhelm Busch Museum - Hanover Tramway Museum - Lower Saxony Kleinbahn Museum - PS Speicher


 * Music and dance: Jazzkantine Lena Meyer-Landrut Scorpions Robin Schulz


 * Customs: Boßeln


 * Education and science: Georg August University - Brunswick University of Technology - Leibniz University Hannover - University of Osnabrück - Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg - Clausthal University of Technology - University of Lüneburg - Herzog August Library - University of Helmstedt - Carl Friedrich Gauß - Georg Christoph Lichtenberg


 * Languages: Low Saxon - Saterland Frisian - East Frisian Low Saxon - Eastphalian - Wangerooge Frisian


 * Food: Lower Saxon cuisine - Asparagus - Birnen, Bohnen und Speck - Braunschweiger - Bregenwurst - Brunswick Mum - Grünkohlessen - Heidschnucke - Knipp - Korn - Pinkel - Welf pudding

Economy, technology and transport


 * Firms and businessmen: Bahlsen - Blaupunkt - Brunsviga - Büssing AG - Continental - Enercon - Fürstenberg Porcelain Factory - Meyer Werft - Oldenburgische Landesbank - Rollei - Sartorius - TUI - Volkswagen - Westermann Verlag


 * Technology: Volkswagen


 * Transport: A 1 - A 2 - A 7 - A 22 -A 27 - A 28 - A 29 - A 30 - A 31 - A 38 - A 39 - A 250 - A 280 - A 293 - A 352 - A 395 - Coastal Canal - Elbe Lateral Canal Mittelland Canal - Hamme-Oste Canal - Moor Express - Weser Tunnel

Media, sport and tourism


 * Media


 * Press: Braunschweiger Zeitung - Cellesche Zeitung - Göttinger Tageblatt - Hessische/Niedersächsische Allgemeine - Hildesheimer Allgemeine Zeitung




 * Radio: NDR ffn


 * Sport
 * Basketball: Artland Dragons - BG 74 Göttingen - Basketball Löwen Braunschweig - EWE Baskets Oldenburg
 * Ice hockey: Hannover Indians - Hannover Scorpions - EHC Wolfsburg
 * Football: Hannover 96, VfL Wolfsburg - Eintracht Braunschweig - VfL Osnabrück - SV Arminia Hannover, SV Meppen, BV Cloppenburg, Eintracht Nordhorn - TSV Havelse, VfB Oldenburg
 * Handball: HSG Nordhorn, VfL Oldenburg
 * American football: Braunschweig Lions


 * Tourism and places of interest: Butjadingen - Cloppenburg Museum Village - Cuxhaven - Celler Altstadt - Dümmer - East Frisian Islands - Goslar - Harz Mountains - Lüneburg Heath - Lüneburg's Altstadt - Steinhuder Meer - Teufelsmoor - Weser Uplands - Worpswede

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