1930–31 NHL season

The 1930–31 NHL season was the 14th season of the National Hockey League. Ten teams played 44 games each. The Pittsburgh Pirates moved to Philadelphia and became the Philadelphia Quakers, while the Detroit team was renamed the Detroit Falcons. The Montreal Canadiens beat the Chicago Black Hawks three games to two in the best-of-five Stanley Cup Finals for their second consecutive Stanley Cup victory.

League business
The Great Depression was starting to take its toll on the NHL. In attempts to solve financial problems, the Pittsburgh Pirates moved to Philadelphia and became the Philadelphia Quakers, but there was nothing about the team to win games or fans. It was intended that the team stay in Philadelphia only until a new arena was built in Pittsburgh. The arena was never built, and the team folded after only one season in the new city. The state of Pennsylvania would be without an NHL team until the league doubled in size 36 years later.

The Ottawa Senators were in a similar financial boat but instead of relocating, they sold a star asset and future Hall of Famer, King Clancy, to the Toronto Maple Leafs for $35,000 and two players. Even after the sale of Clancy, the Senators' owners put the team up for sale for $200,000, although no bids approached anywhere near that figure. The team would suspend operations before the start of the next season.

The Detroit Cougars changed the team name to the Detroit Falcons.

The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) sent W. A. Fry and W. A. Hewitt to the 1930 NHL general meeting to seek a better working agreement. The CAHA suggested that players remain as amateurs for one season after graduating from junior ice hockey, and in return the CAHA would permit its amateurs to tryout and practice with professional teams. Hewitt subsequently met multiple times with NHL president Frank Calder, who saw merit in Hewitt's request to keep players in amateur hockey, and continued to discuss having a professional-amateur agreement.

Regular season
Howie Morenz led the league in scoring.

Dick Irvin started his career in coaching with Chicago and they finished second in the American Division. He resigned at season's end after having taken the Black Hawks to the finals.

Final standings
GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.

Playoffs
On March 26, during the second game of the best-of-five series between the Bruins and Canadiens, coach-GM Art Ross of Boston pulled his goalie for an extra attacker while down 1–0 with 40 seconds left in the final period. The attempt was unsuccessful. This marked the first time in Stanley Cup play that a goalie was pulled for an extra attacker.

Stanley Cup Finals
In the final series, the Chicago Black Hawks took an early two games to one lead in the newly expanded best-of-five Stanley Cup Finals but the Montreal Canadiens came back and won the series three games to two for their second consecutive Stanley Cup win.

Awards
Howie Morenz won the Hart Trophy for the second time in his career. Frank Boucher won the Lady Byng for the fourth consecutive year. Roy Worters won the Vezina Trophy for the one and only time in his career.

All-Star teams
This was the first season that the NHL named its 'all-stars'. Although Roy Worters won the Vezina Trophy for "most valuable goaltender", Charlie Gardiner and Tiny Thompson were named to the all-star teams at the goaltender position.

Source: NHL.

Scoring leaders
GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties In Minutes Source: NHL.

Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; Mins = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average Source: NHL.

American Division

 * Boston Bruins: Art Ross
 * Chicago Black Hawks: Emil Iverson
 * Detroit Falcons: Jack Adams
 * New York Rangers: Lester Patrick
 * Philadelphia Quakers:Cooper Smeaton

Canadian Division

 * Montreal Canadiens: Cecil Hart
 * Montreal Maroons: Dunc Munro and George Boucher
 * New York Americans: Eddie Gerard
 * Ottawa Senators: Newsy Lalonde and Dave Gill
 * Toronto Maple Leafs: Art Duncan

Debuts
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1930–31 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):
 * Art Chapman, Boston Bruins
 * Doc Romnes, Chicago Black Hawks
 * John Sorrell, Detroit Falcons
 * Johnny Gagnon, Montreal Canadiens
 * Paul Haynes, Montreal Maroons
 * Dave Kerr, Montreal Maroons
 * Alex Levinsky, Toronto Maple Leafs
 * Bob Gracie, Toronto Maple Leafs

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1930–31 (listed with their last team):
 * Frank Fredrickson, Detroit Falcons
 * Bert McCaffrey, Montreal Canadiens
 * Joe Simpson, New York Americans
 * Babe Dye, Toronto Maple Leafs