701 Naval Air Squadron

701 Naval Air Squadron (701 NAS) was a Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm squadron, which last disbanded during September 1958 at RNAS Lee-on-Solent where it was a Helicopter Trials, Communications and Fleet Requirements Unit. It initially formed during July 1936 as a Catapult Flight operating out of Malta and routinely embarking in RN ships such as, HMS Barham, HMS Malaya, HMS Valiant and HMS Warspite. By autumn 1939 it was known as 701 Naval Air Squadron but disbanded in January 1940. It was active twice more during the Second World War, between May 1940 and June 1941 on special duties and then between October 1942 and August 1943 performing anti-submarine patrols. Reforming in April 1945 it was designated a Communications Unit, operating out of Heston until disbanding in 1947. It last reformed as a Fleet Requirements Unit at HMS Daedalus, Lee-on-Solent, during October 1957.

Catapult Flights (1936–1940)
Formed on 15 July 1936 as No. 701 (Catapult) Flight FAA at RAF Kalafrana, Malta by re-designating No. 444 (Fleet Reconnaissance) Flight FAA; Acquiring some of the latter Flight's aircraft along with other additions 701 (Catapult) Flight operated with Hawker Osprey, the navalised carrier-borne version of the Hawker Hart biplane light bomber, Fairey IIIF reconnaissance biplane, Blackburn Shark, a carrier-borne torpedo bomber, Fairey Seal, a carrier-borne spotter-reconnaissance aircraft and Fairey Swordfish biplane torpedo bomber, operating from warships of the 1st Battle Squadron, serving with both the Home and Mediterranean Fleets.

It was based at the island of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea, operating out of the seaplane operations centre at RAF Kalafrana, with its aircraft routinely embarking in a number of Royal Navy capital ships. By September 1939, it was known as 701 Naval Air Squadron, and operated with five Fairey Swordfish floatplanes. It disbanded into 700 Naval Air Squadron during January 1940.

Ships' Flights
701 (Catapult) Flight operated a number of ships’ flights between 1936 and 1940 whilst based out of Malta, including the Queen Elizabeth-class battleship HMS Barham (04) between 1936-40, the Admiral-class battlecruiser HMS Hood (51) during 1938, the Queen-Elizabeth-class battleship HMS Malaya between 1937-40, the Revenge-class battleship HMS Royal Oak (08) during 1937, the Queen-Elizabeth-class battleship HMS Valiant (1914) during 1936 and between 1939-40, and the Queen-Elizabeth-class battleship HMS Warspite (03) between 1938 and 1940.

Special Duties (1940 - 1941)
701 Naval Air Squadron reformed 7 May 1940, at HMS Merlin, RNAS Donibristle, located in Fife, Scotland, tasked to provide for temporary units formed ashore. 701 Squadron saw action in the Norwegian campaign in mid-1940, and in May six Supermarine Walrus amphibious maritime patrol aircraft of the squadron were flown off the converted to aircraft carrier Courageous-class battlecruiser, HMS Glorious, to support operations off Harstad, in Norway, performing anti-submarine patrols, and undertaking liaison and communications flights plus a small number bombing sorties. In June 1940 the squadron briefly appeared on the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal (91), and the squadron was at Reykjavík in Iceland in October 1940, when they were taken on board the converted from an ocean liner to an aircraft carrier, HMS Argus (I49).

It returned to the United Kingdom, once again in Argus, and was back at RNAS Donibristle from the end of October. In November a detachment started to operate out of Stornoway harbour, Stornoway, the main town of the Western Isles, on the island of Lewis and Harris, in Scotland, although this was very soon taken over by 700 Naval Air Squadron. In March 1941 three aircraft were detached to RAF Sullom Voe in Shetland, to augment the existing 700 Naval Air Squadron Flight. 701 Naval Air Squadron disbanded at RNAS Donibristle during June 1941.

Anti-Submarine warfare (1942–1943)
On 1 October 1942, 701 Naval Air Squadron was reformed by redesignating 700 Naval Air Squadron, (Levant) Sqn at Beirut, within the French Mandate. It was equipped with six Supermarine Walrus amphibious biplane. Operating within the control of No. 201 Group RAF, it undertook anti-submarine duties. Reports of U-boat activity in the area between Turkey and Cyprus saw a detachment from 701 NAS join No. 235 Wing RAF and was based at Latakia in French mandate territory. On 15 August 1943, 701 Naval Air Squadron disbanded at Beirut.

By July 1943, the squadron was attached to No. 201 Group RAF for the invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky).

Communications Unit (1945–1947)
701 Naval Air Squadron reformed at Heston Aerodrome, just outside London, on 18 April 1945, taking over 'B' Flight of 781 Naval Air Squadron. Tasked with communication duties, it was equipped with various aircraft, operating with de Havilland Dominie, a 6–8 passenger short-haul biplane airliner, Airspeed Oxford, a twin-engine monoplane training aircraft and Beech Traveller, an American utility aircraft. It had been operating out of Heathrow Aerodrome, which was owned by the Fairey Aviation Company, but was controlled by RNAS Lee-on-Solent and mainly ferried passengers in and out of London. Aside from transport duty, the squadron also had Supermarine Seafire, a navalised version of the Supermarine Spitfire fighter aircraft, enabling flying practice for desk bound pilots. In January 1947, 701 Naval Air Squadron disbanded at Heston.

Fleet Requirements Unit (1957 - 1958)
701 Naval Air Squadron reformed in October 1957, at RNAS Lee-on-Solent, as a Helicopter Fleet Requirements Unit. It was equipped with Westland Whirlwind utility helicopter and Westland Dragonfly rescue or communications helicopter. The unit was tasked with operating detached Flights from fleet aircraft carriers on search and rescue duties, and later 701 NAS operated the Ships' Flights of the ocean survey ship HMS Vidal and the ice patrol ship HMS Protector (A173). The squadron acquired the helicopter trials role from 705 Naval Air Squadron and its role became the Helicopter Trials, Communications and FRU. 701 Naval Air Squadron disbanded during September 1958. The Helicopter Trials being picked up by 700 Naval Air Squadron, the training element moved to 705 Naval Air Squadron, the Fleet Requirements Unit tasks to Airwork Services, at Hurn, and the Flights became the ‘Ship's Flights’ of their respective ships.

Aircraft operated
The squadron operated a variety of different aircraft and versions:

1936 - 1940
 * Hawker Osprey FP (July – November 1936)
 * Fairey Swordfish I SP (September 1936 – January 1940)
 * Fairey Seal II FP (November 1936 – February 1938)
 * Blackburn Shark FP (February – August 1937)

1940 - 1941, 1942 - 1943
 * Supermarine Walrus (May 1940 – June 1941, August 1942 – August 1943)

1945 - 1947
 * Beechcraft Expediter C.I (April – August 1945)
 * Airspeed Oxford (April 1945 – January 1947)
 * de Havilland Tiger Moth II (April 1945 – February 1946)
 * Beechcraft Traveller I (April – September 1945)
 * Avro Anson C.X (August 1945)
 * Supermarine Seafire XVII (September – November 1945)
 * Supermarine Seafire XV (March – July 1946)
 * de Havilland Dominie I (March 1946 – January 1947)
 * North American Harvard III (March – April 1946)
 * Beechcraft Expediter C.II (March 1946)

1957 - 1958
 * Westland Whirlwind HAR.3 (October 1957 – September 1958)
 * Westland Dragonfly HR.5 (November 1957 – September 1958)
 * Westland Whirlwind HAS.22 (November 1957 – April 1958)
 * Westland Whirlwind HAS.7 (November 1957 – September 1958)
 * Westland Whirlwind HAR.1 (July – September 1958)

Battle honours
The battle honours awarded to 701 Naval Air Squadron are:
 * Norway 1940

Naval Air Stations and Aircraft Carriers
701 Naval Air Squadron operated from a number of naval air stations of the Royal Navy, both in the UK and overseas, a number of Royal Navy aircraft carriers and other air bases:

1936 - 1940
 * RAF Kalafrana (15 July 1936)
 * disbanded (21 January 1940)

1940 - 1941
 * Royal Naval Air Station DONIBRISTLE (7 May 1940)
 * HMS Glorious (9 May 1940)
 * Harstad (18 May 1940)
 * HMS Ark Royal (91) (7 June 1940)
 * Royal Naval Air Station HATSTON (14 June 1940)
 * Royal Naval Air Station DONIBRISTLE (16 June 1940)
 * HMS Argus (I49) (23 June 1940)
 * Reykjavík (1 July 1940)
 * HMS Argus (17 October 1940)
 * Royal Naval Air Station DONIBRISTLE (26 October 1940)
 * Stornoway Detachment six aircraft (6 November 1940 – absorbed by 700 Naval Air Squadron 11 November 1940)
 * RAF Hooton Park Detachment three aircraft (13–22 March 1941)
 * RAF Sullom Voe Detachment three aircraft (13 March – 13 April 1941)
 * disbanded (8 June 1941)

1942 - 1943
 * RAF Beirut (1 October 1942)
 * Latakia Detachment (1 October 1942 – February 1943)
 * Saint Jean d'Acre (April 1943)
 * Dekheila (12 June 1943)
 * RAF Beirut (13 July 1943)
 * disbanded (15 August 1943)

1945 - 1947
 * Heston (18 April 1945)
 * disbanded 13 January 1947

1957 - 1958
 * Royal Naval Air Station LEE-ON-SOLENT (31 October 1957)
 * De Kooy Detachment two aircraft (28 June – 3 July 1958)
 * Royal Naval Air Station PORTLAND Detachment (17–20 September 1958)
 * disbanded (23 September 1958)

701A Flight

 * HMS Eagle (R05) (31 October 1957 - 27 November 1957)
 * Royal Naval Air Station LEE-ON-SOLENT (27 November 1957 - 27 January 1948)
 * HMS Eagle (27 January 1958 - 24 March 1958)
 * Royal Naval Air Station LEE-ON-SOLENT (24 March 1958 - 20 May 1958)
 * HMS Eagle (20 May 1958; became Ship's Flight 20 September 1958)

701B Flight

 * HMS Ark Royal (R09) (27 January 1958 - 5 July 1948)
 * Royal Naval Air Station LEE-ON-SOLENT (5 July 1958)
 * disbanded - (5 July 1958)

701C Flight

 * HMS Albion (R07) (31 October 1957 - 25 November 1947)
 * Royal Naval Air Station LEE-ON-SOLENT (25 November 1957 - 3 February 1958)
 * HMS Victorious (R38) (3 February 1958 - 8 February 1958)
 * Royal Naval Air Station LEE-ON-SOLENT (8 February 1958 - 15 February 1958)
 * HMS Victorious (15 February 1958 - 26 February 1958)
 * Royal Naval Air Station LEE-ON-SOLENT (26 February 1958 - 28 May 1958)
 * HMS Victorious (28 May 1958 - 15 June 1958)
 * Royal Naval Air Station LEE-ON-SOLENT (15 June 1958 - 7 July 1958)
 * HMS Albion (7 July 1958, became Ship's Flight 20 September 1958)

701D Flight

 * HMS Bulwark (R08) (27 November 1957 - 13 December 1957)
 * Royal Naval Air Station LEE-ON-SOLENT (13 December 1957 - 20 September 1958)
 * disbanded - (20 September 1958)

701P Flight

 * Royal Naval Air Station LEE-ON-SOLENT (21 July 1958 - 20 September 1958)
 * HMS Protector (A146) (became Ship's Flight 20 September 1958)

701V Flight

 * Royal Naval Air Station LEE-ON-SOLENT/HMS Vidal (1 April 1958 became Ship's Flight 20 September 1958)

Commanding Officers
List of commanding officers of 701 Naval Air Squadron with month and year of appointment:

1936 - 1940
 * Lieutenant Commander A.C.G. Ermen RN, (Flight Lieutenant RAF), from 15 July 1936
 * not identified, from April 1937
 * Lieutenant E.R.C. Morris RN, (Flight Lieutenant RAF), from 8 April 1938
 * Lieutenant M.C. Hoskin RN, (Flight Lieutenant RAF), from 1 September 1938
 * Lieutenant Commander W.L.M. Brown, RN, from 24 May 1939
 * disbanded – 21 January 1940

1940 - 1941
 * Lieutenant H.H. Bracken, RN, from 8 May 1940
 * Lieutenant Commander M.A. Everett, RN, from 14 March 1941
 * disbanded – 8 June 1941

1942 - 1943
 * Lieutenant P.C. Chorley, RN, from 5 October 1942
 * disbanded – 15 August 1943

1945 - 1947
 * Lieutenant Commander (A) A.B. Cunningham, RNVR, from 18 April 1945
 * Lieutenant (A) J. Lawson, RNVR, from 10 December 1945
 * Lieutenant (A) R.H. Billson, RNVR, 31 January 1946
 * Lieutenant (A) H.A. Monk, RN, 21 March 1946
 * disbanded – 13 January 1947

1957 - 1958
 * Lieutenant Commander J.S. Sproule, RN, 31 October 1957
 * Lieutenant Commander R.L. Turnbull, RN, 31 August 1958
 * disbanded – 23 September 1958