Dialogue in writing

Dialogue, in literature, is a verbal exchange between two or more characters (but can also involve strategic use of silence). If there is only one character talking aloud, it is a monologue.

Identifiers
"'This breakfast is making me sick,' George said."

George said is the identifier.

The identifier has also been called an attributive, a speaker attribution, a speech attribution, a dialogue tag, and a tag line.

Said is the verb most writers use because reader familiarity with said prevents it from drawing attention to itself. Although other verbs such as ask, shout, or reply are acceptable, some identifiers get in the reader's way. For example:

"Hello," he croaked nervously, "my name's Horace." "What's yours?" he asked with as much aplomb as he could muster.

Stephen King, in his book On Writing, expresses his belief that said is the best identifier to use. King recommends reading a novel by Larry McMurtry, who he claims has mastered the art of well-written dialogue.

Substitutes are known as said-bookisms. For example, in the sentence ''"What do you mean?" he smiled, the word smiled'' is a said-bookism.