Geography of Eswatini



Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), is a country in Southern Africa lying between Mozambique and South Africa. The country is located at the geographic coordinates -26.5°N, 31.5°W. Eswatini has an area of 17,363 square kilometres, of which 160 are water. The major regions of the country are Lowveld, Midveld and Highveld.

Climate
The climate varies from tropical to near temperate. The seasons are the reverse of those in the Northern Hemisphere with December being mid-summer and June mid-winter. Generally speaking, rain falls mostly during the summer months, often in the form of thunderstorms. Winter is the dry season. Annual rainfall is highest on the Highveld in the west, between 1000 and 2000 mm depending on the year. The further east, the less rain, with the Lowveld recording 500 to 900 mm per annum. Variations in temperature are also related to the altitude of the different regions. The Highveld temperature is temperate and seldom uncomfortably hot while the Lowveld may record temperatures around 40 °C in summer.

Physical geography
The terrain largely consists of mountains and hills, with some moderately sloping plains. The lowest point is the Great Usutu River at 21 m, and the highest is Emlembe at 1,862 m.

As a landlocked country, Eswatini has neither coastline nor maritime claims. In terms of land boundaries, Eswatini borders Mozambique for 105 km and South Africa for 430 km, giving a total land boundary length of 535 km.

Natural resources
Eswatini's natural resources are asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone and talc.

670 km2 of the country's land is irrigated. The following table describes land use in Eswatini:

Environment
Eswatini is prone to floods and drought. Soil erosion as a result of overgrazing is a growing problem.

Eswatini is part of the following international agreements: Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban and Ozone Layer Protection. The country has signed, but not ratified the agreement on desertification and the law of the sea.

Extreme points
This is a list of the extreme points of Eswatini, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.
 * Northernmost point - unnamed location of the border with South Africa immediately north of the village of Horo, Hhohho Region
 * Easternmost point - the tripoint with South Africa and Mozambique, Lubombo Region
 * Southernmost point - unnamed location on the border with South Africa, Shiselweni Region
 * Westernmost point - a longitudinal segment of the border with South Africa, Manzini Region (not a single point)